Njengoba izidingo zokuphepha emlilweni ziqhubeka nokukhuphuka kuzo zonke izimboni ezifana nezokuthutha ngesitimela, izikhungo zedatha, izakhiwo zebhizinisi, amandla avuselelekayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla, kanye nokuxhumana ngocingo, izintambo ze-Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) sezibe yisinqumo esikhethwayo sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezibalulekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ze-PVC ezivamile, izintambo ze-LSZH zikhiqiza umusi omncane kakhulu futhi azikhiphi amagesi aqothulayo aqukethe i-halogen ngesikhathi somlilo, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha kokuphuma kwabantu ngenkathi kunciphisa umonakalo emishinini nasezingqalasizinda.
Kodwa-ke, ukuba yi-LSZH akwenzi ikhebula lingagugi. Eminyakeni eminingi yokusebenza, izintambo zingase zibhekane nokuqhekeka kwesigqoko, ukuwohloka kokusebenza kokufakwa kokushisa, ukulahleka kwezakhiwo zemishini, ngisho nokwehluleka kokufakwa kokushisa. Nakuba isikhathi sokuphila kwekhebula sincike ezintweni ezifana nomklamo, ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza, ukufakwa, kanye nezimo zokusebenza, izinto ze-LSZH—ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ekufakweni kokushisa kwekhebula kanye nokufakwa kwejakhethi—zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.
Izimpawu Ezivamile Zokuguga Kumakhebula e-LSZH
Njengoba izintambo ziguga, kokubili ukuvikela kanye ne-sheath yangaphandle kuyawohloka kancane kancane. Izimpawu ezivamile zokwehluleka zifaka phakathi amajakethi aqinile noma aqhekekile, ukungena komswakama, ukumelana kokuvikela okunciphile, ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa okungavamile, ukwehluleka kwamalunga, kanye nokwehluleka kokuvikela. Lezi zinkinga zingalimaza ukuthembeka kokudluliselwa kwamandla futhi ekugcineni zingaholela ekungasebenzini kwemishini, izifunda ezimfushane, noma ezinye izingozi zokuphepha.
Ezimweni eziningi, ukwehluleka kwekhebula akwenzeki ngokuzumayo. Kunalokho, kubangelwa ukuwohloka kancane kancane kwezakhiwo zezinto. Isibonelo, imifantu emincane egobolondweni langaphandle ivumela umswakama kanye nezinto ezingcolisayo ukuthi zingene kukhebula, okusheshisa ukuguga kokushisa. Ngokufanayo, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kubangela ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo kwezakhiwo zemishini kanye nezikagesi zezinto, ekugcineni kunciphisa ukuthembeka okuphelele kohlelo lwekhebula.
Ukuvezwa Kokushisa Kwesikhathi Eside Kusheshisa Ukuguga Kwezinto Ze-LSZH
Ukuguga kokushisa kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuwohloka kwekhebula. Uma ikhebula lisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokulayisha ngokweqile noma lifakwe ezindaweni ezingakwazi ukushabalalisa ukushisa kahle, ukushisa okukhiqizwa yi-conductor kudluliselwa njalo ku-insulation kanye nejakethi, okuveza izinto ze-LSZH emazingeni okushisa aphezulu isikhathi eside.
Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside ekushiseni kubangela ukuwohloka kwe-oxidative kwe-polymer matrix kanye nezinguquko esakhiweni sangaphakathi sento. Ngenxa yalokho, into iyaqina kancane kancane futhi iqhekeke, futhi kungase kwenzeke ukuqhekeka komphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amandla okudonsa, ukunwebeka lapho kuphuka, kanye nezakhiwo zikagesi ziyehla, okunciphisa ikhono lekhebula lokubekezelela ukucindezeleka kwemishini kanye nemvelo futhi kwandisa ingozi yokwehluleka kokufakwa kokushisa.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ikhwalithi ephezuluInhlanganisela ye-LSZHakufanele inikeze ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu okuvimbela ilangabi kuphela kodwa futhi nokumelana nokuguga okushisayo okuphezulu, ukuzinza kokushisa isikhathi eside, kanye nokugcinwa kwezakhiwo zemishini kuyo yonke impilo yayo yokusebenza.
Umswakama Unganciphisa Ukuthembeka Kwesistimu Yokuvikela
Izindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu—njengemihubhe engaphansi komhlaba, izinhlelo ze-metro, imihubhe, amachweba, kanye nokufakwa kogu—zingasheshisa kakhulu ukuguga kwekhebula. Uma ijakethi yekhebula yonakele noma amalunga ekhebula engavaliwe kahle, umswakama ungangena kancane kancane kukhebula, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukumelana kokushisa kanye nokusebenza kukagesi okonakele.
Kumakhebula agqunywe nge-XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene), ukungena komswakama isikhathi eside nakho kungase kuqalise ukuguguleka kwamanzi, indlela yokuwohloka eyenza kancane kancane ukuguguleka kube buthakathaka. Kumakhebula ane-voltage ephakathi nendawo ephezulu, ukuguguleka kwamanzi okukhulu kungagcina sekuphenduke ukukhishwa okuyingxenye kanye nokwehluleka kokuvikela. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuguguleka kwamanzi kwenzeka ekuguguleni kwe-XLPE kunasejazini le-LSZH uqobo.
Ngakho-ke, izinto ze-LSZH ezisebenza kahle kakhulu akufanele nje zinikeze izici zomusi ophansi, ezingenayo i-halogen, kanye nezingashisi ilangabi, kodwa futhi zinezimpawu zokumuncwa kwamanzi okuphansi, izakhiwo ze-dielectric ezizinzile, kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguga komswakama. Lezi zakhiwo zisiza ukugcina ubuqotho bejakethi, zinciphise amathuba okungena komswakama, futhi zithuthukise ukuthembeka kwekhebula isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinomswakama.
Umonakalo Wemishini Nokuchayeka Kwamakhemikhali Kunganciphisa Ukuphila Kwekhebula
Umonakalo wemishini usalokhu ungenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokwehluleka kwekhebula ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukucindezela, ukudonsa ngokweqile, ukugoba ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokufakwa, noma umonakalo ongengozi obangelwa umsebenzi wokwakha kamuva kungonakalisa ijazi langaphandle elivikelayo, okwenza kube lula ukuthi umswakama, uthuli, nezinto ezigqwalisayo zingene kukhebula futhi kusheshise ukuwohloka kokushisa.
Ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali, ezindaweni ezisogwini, nakwezinye izindawo zezimboni ezinzima, ama-cable jackets nawo angavezwa kuma-acid, ama-alkali, i-salt spray, kanye namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene ezimboni isikhathi eside. Uma izinto ze-jacket zingenawo amandla anele okumelana namakhemikhali, zingaba njenge-chalky, ziqhekeke, noma zilahlekelwe amandla omshini, ekugcineni zinciphise ukuthembeka kwe-cable isikhathi eside.
Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla amaningi, ama-compound ejakethi e-LSZH kufanele ahlanganise ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu okuvimbela ilangabi nokumelana okunamandla kokuguguleka, ukumelana nokushayisana, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kanye nokuguquguquka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ngaphansi kwezimo zesevisi eziyinselele.
Ukuhambisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo nakho kuthinta ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside
Amajoyinti ekhebula aphakathi kwamaphuzu avame kakhulu okwehluleka ezinhlelweni zekhebula. Nakuba ikhwalithi yokufaka ibalulekile, ukuhambisana kwezinto akufanele kunganakwa. Uma izinto ezihlanganisiwe zihluka kakhulu ekufakweni kwe-insulation noma ijazi ngokuya ngokunwetshwa kokushisa, ukuncipha, noma izakhiwo zemishini, ukujikeleza okuphindaphindiwe kokushisa kungadala ukugxila kokucindezeleka okuphazamisa ukusebenza kokuvala kanye nokuthembeka kokufakwa kwe-insulation.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-compound e-LSZH asezingeni eliphansi angabonisa ukusabalala okunganele kokugcwalisa, ukugeleza kokuncibilika okungazinzile, noma ukuncipha okungaguquki ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Lezi zinkinga zingathinta ikhwalithi yokukhipha, zenze kube nzima ukuhlanganiswa kwekhebula, futhi zandise ingozi yokwehluleka kwenkonzo yesikhathi eside.
Ukukhetha izinto ze-LSZH ezinokusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba ezizinzile kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuhambisana okungcono nezesekeli zekhebula.
Indlela Izinto Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu Ze-LSZH Ezithuthukisa Ngayo Ukuthembeka Kwekhebula
Kubakhiqizi bekhebula, ukusebenza okuzinzile kwezinto kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ethembekile. Inhlanganisela ye-LSZH esezingeni eliphezulu akufanele nje ihlangabezane nezidingo ezingenantuthu eningi, ezingenayo i-halogen, futhi ezingashisi ilangabi, kodwa futhi inikeze ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguga kokushisa, amandla omshini, ukusebenza kukagesi, ukumelana nomswakama, kanye nokuvumelana kokucubungula.
Izinto ze-LSZH ezisezingeni eliphezulu zisiza ukugcina ubuqotho bemishini kanye nogesi bokugquma ikhebula kanye namajakethi, zinciphisa ukuwohloka kwezinto ngaphansi kokuchayeka isikhathi eside ekushiseni, emswakama, kanye nezimo zesevisi ezidinga amandla. Lokhu kunegalelo ekuthuthukisweni kokuvumelana komkhiqizo, ukuthembeka okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwesevisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, itheyiphu ye-LSZH ingasetshenziswa ekugoqeni ikhebula, ekuhlukaniseni, kanye nasekusetshenzisweni kwesakhiwo okusizayo, ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwemishini kanye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo ngenkathi igcina ukusebenza okungenantuthu eningi kanye nokusebenza okungena-halogen.
Njengoba izidingo zokusebenza ziqhubeka nokwanda kuzo zonke izimboni zokwakha, zesitimela, zamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nezokuxhumana, abakhiqizi bezintambo abaningi bagcizelela kakhulu ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukukhetha izinto ze-LSZH ezithembekile akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokuvumelana komkhiqizo kodwa futhi kusiza ekunciphiseni ukwehluleka kwensimu nokwandisa isikhathi senkonzo yezintambo.
Isiphetho
Ukuguga kwezintambo ze-LSZH ngokuvamile kubangelwa izici eziningi ezisebenzisana, okuhlanganisa ukuchayeka ekushiseni isikhathi eside, umswakama, umonakalo womshini, ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali, kanye nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwezinto ngokwazo. Phakathi kwalezi zici, ukusebenza kwezinto ze-LSZH kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi ikhebula limelana kanjani ngempumelelo nokucindezeleka kokushisa, kwemvelo, kanye nokwemishini kuyo yonke impilo yalo yokusebenza.
Kwabakhiqizi bezintambo, ukukhetha ama-compounds e-LSZH asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nama-tepi e-LSZH kubalulekile hhayi nje kuphela ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo ezivimbela ilangabi, ezingenantuthu eningi, kanye nezingangeni i-halogen, kodwa futhi nasekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nokuguga kokushisa, ukuqina kwemishini, kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza isikhathi eside. Lezi zinto zinikeza ikhambi eliphephile, elihlala isikhathi eside, nelinomthwalo wemvelo wezinhlelo zezintambo zesimanje ezisetshenziswa ezakhiweni, ezokuthutha ngesitimela, amandla avuselelekayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla, kanye nezokuxhumana ngocingo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-29-2026