Izingxenye zesakhiwo zemikhiqizo yocingo nekhebula ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko: izikhondakta, izendlalelo zokufakwa kwe-insulation, izendlalelo ezivikelayo namashethi, kanye nezakhi zokugcwalisa kanye nezakhi eziqinile, njll. Ngokwezidingo zokusetshenziswa kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo, eminye imikhiqizo inezakhiwo ezilula kakhulu, enengxenye eyodwa kuphela yesakhiwo, njengengxenye yocingo, intambo engaphezulu, ucingo amabhasi e-copper-aluminium (amabhasi), njll Ukufakwa kukagesi kwangaphandle kwale mikhiqizo kuqinisekiswa ngokusebenzisa ama-insulators kanye nebanga lendawo ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokubeka (okungukuthi, ngokusebenzisa ukufakwa komoya).
Iningi lemikhiqizo yezintambo neyekhebula inomumo ofanayo wokuphambana (iziba amaphutha okukhiqiza) futhi isesimweni samapheshana amade. Lokhu kunqunywa isici asetshenziselwa ukwenza amasekhethi noma amakhoyili kumasistimu noma okokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, lapho ufunda futhi uhlaziya ukwakheka kwesakhiwo semikhiqizo yekhebula, kuyadingeka kuphela ukubheka nokuhlaziya kusuka ezigabeni zabo eziphambene.
Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kokwakheka kwesakhiwo sekhebula nezinto zekhebula:
1. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sekhebula: I-Conductor
Izintambo ziyizingxenye eziyinhloko nezibaluleke kakhulu ukuze imikhiqizo yenze umsebenzi wokudlulisa ulwazi lwamagagasi amanje noma kagesi. Intambo isifinyezo se-conductive core.
Yiziphi izinto ezifakwe kuma-cable conductors? Izinto ezisetshenziswa amakhondatha ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinsimbi ezingezona ayoni ezinogesi omuhle kakhulu njengethusi ne-aluminium. Izintambo ezibonakalayo ezisetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana okubona athuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule noma ngaphezulu asebenzisa imicu yokubona njengamakhondatha.
2. Ukubunjwa kwesakhiwo sekhebula: Isendlalelo se-insulation
Isendlalelo se-insulating siyingxenye ehlanganisa i-periphery yocingo futhi isebenza njenge-insulator kagesi. Okusho ukuthi, ingaqinisekisa ukuthi amagagasi adlulisiwe amanje noma kagesi, amaza okukhanya ahamba kuphela ocingweni futhi awagelezi aphumele ngaphandle. Amandla ku-conductor (okungukuthi, umehluko ongaba khona owenziwe ezintweni ezizungezile, okungukuthi, i-voltage) ingahlukaniswa. Okusho ukuthi, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa kokubili umsebenzi ojwayelekile wokudlulisa ucingo nokuphepha kwezinto zangaphandle nabantu. Izintambo kanye nezingqimba zokufakelwa izingxenye ezimbili eziyisisekelo okufanele zibe khona ukuze zenze imikhiqizo yekhebula (ngaphandle kwezintambo ezingenalutho).
Ziyini izinto zokuhlanganisa ikhebula: Ezintanjeni nasezintanjeni zanamuhla, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto zokufakwa kwamakhebula kuwela ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezimbili: amapulasitiki kanye nerabha. Izinto zokwakha ze-polymer zihamba phambili, okubangela inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo yocingo nekhebula efanele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukene kanye nezidingo zemvelo. Izinto ezijwayelekile zokufaka izintambo nezintambo zifaka i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC),i-polyethylene exhunywe ngokuphambene (XLPE), ama-fluoroplastics, ama-rubber compounds, i-ethylene propylene rubber compounds, kanye nezinto zokuvala irabha ye-silicone.
3. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sekhebula: Umgodla
Lapho imikhiqizo yocingo nekhebula ifakiwe futhi isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezihlukene, kufanele kube nezingxenye ezivikela wonke umkhiqizo, ikakhulukazi ungqimba lokufakelwa. Lona umgodla. Ngenxa yokuthi izinto zokufaka i-insulating ziyadingeka ukuze zibe nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokufakwa kukagesi zazo zonke izinhlobo, kuyadingeka ukudinga ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kakhulu nokuqukethwe kokungcola okuphansi kakhulu kwezinto. Ngokuvamile, akunakwenzeka ukucabangela amandla ayo okuvikela ngokumelene nezwe langaphandle. Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene zokuzivikela kufanele zibe nesibopho sokumelana noma ukumelana namandla ahlukahlukene emishini avela ngaphandle (okungukuthi, ukufakwa, indawo yokusetshenziswa nangesikhathi sokusetshenziswa), ukumelana nemvelo yomoya, ukumelana namakhemikhali noma uwoyela, ukuvimbela umonakalo webhayoloji, nokunciphisa izingozi zomlilo. Imisebenzi eyinhloko yama-cable sheaths ukuvimbela amanzi, ukuvinjelwa komlilo, ukumelana nomlilo nokuvimbela ukugqwala. Imikhiqizo eminingi yamakhebula eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izindawo ezinhle zangaphandle (ezifana nezindawo ezihlanzekile, ezomile, nezasendlini ezingenamandla angaphandle), noma leyo enezinto zokwahlukanisa ezinamandla athile okusebenza kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu, ingenza ngaphandle kwengxenye yongqimba yokuvikela.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinto ze-cable sheath ezikhona? Izinto eziyinhloko ze-cable sheath zihlanganisa irabha, ipulasitiki, i-coating, i-silicone, nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-fiber, njll. Izici ze-rubber nesendlalelo sokuzivikela sepulasitiki zilula futhi zilula, futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezintambo ezihambahambayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kokubili izinto zenjoloba nepulasitiki zinezinga elithile lokungena kwamanzi, zingasetshenziswa kuphela lapho izinto eziphakeme ze-polymer ezinokumelana nomswakama ophezulu zisetshenziswa njenge-cable insulation. Khona-ke abanye abasebenzisi bangabuza ukuthi kungani ipulasitiki isetshenziswa njengesendlalelo sokuzivikela emakethe? Uma kuqhathaniswa nezici zamashethi epulasitiki, ama-rubber sheaths ane-elasticity ephakeme nokuguquguquka, amelana kakhulu nokuguga, kodwa inqubo yawo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Amashethi epulasitiki anezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini nokumelana namanzi, futhi anezinsiza eziningi, amanani aphansi futhi kulula ukusetshenzwa. Ngakho-ke, asetshenziswa kabanzi emakethe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ontanga yezimboni ukuthi kukhona olunye uhlobo lwensimbi yensimbi. Ama-metal sheaths awagcini nje ngokuba nemisebenzi yokuvikela imishini kodwa futhi nomsebenzi wokuvikela okukhulunywe ngawo ngezansi. Baphinde babe nezakhiwo ezinjengokumelana nokugqwala, amandla acindezelayo namandla aqinile, nokumelana namanzi, okungavimbela umswakama nezinye izinto eziyingozi ukuthi zingangeni ngaphakathi kwe-insulation yekhebula. Ngakho-ke, asetshenziswa kabanzi njengamashethi ezintambo zikagesi ezifakwe uwoyela ezifakwe uwoyela ezinokumelana nomswakama ompofu.
4. Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sekhebula: Isendlalelo esivikelayo
Isendlalelo esivikelayo siyingxenye ebalulekile emikhiqizweni yekhebula ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlukaniswa kwensimu ye-electromagnetic. Ngeke nje ivimbele amasiginali kazibuthe wangaphakathi ukuthi angavuzi futhi aphazamise amathuluzi angaphandle, amamitha noma eminye imigqa, kodwa futhi ivimbe amaza kagesi angaphandle ukuba angene ohlelweni lwekhebula ngokuhlangana. Ngokwesakhiwo, ungqimba oluvikelayo alusethwanga kuphela ngaphandle kwekhebula kodwa futhi lukhona phakathi kwamapheya noma amaqembu ezintambo ezintanjeni ezinamanzila amaningi, okwenza “izikrini zokuhlukanisa i-electromagnetic isolation” ezinamazinga amaningi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngezidingo ezikhulayo zezintambo zokuxhumana ezinemvamisa ephezulu kanye nokunqanda ukuphazamiseka, izinto zokuvikela zishintshile zisuka ephepheni lensimbi elivamile kanye namakhasethi ephepha le-semiconductor zaya ezintweni eziyinhlanganisela ezithuthuke kakhulu njenge.aluminium foil mylar tapes, amakhasethi e-mylar ecwecwe le-copper, namakhasethi ethusi. Izakhiwo ezivamile zokuvikela zifaka izendlalelo zokuvikela zangaphakathi ezenziwe ngamapholymeri aqhubayo noma amateyipu we-semiconductive, kanye nezendlalelo ezingaphandle ezivikelayo ezifana ne-copper tape longitudinal wrapping kanye ne-braided copper mesh. Phakathi kwazo, ungqimba olulukiwe luvame ukusebenzisa ithusi elifakwe ithayela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala. Ezimweni zohlelo lokusebenza olukhethekile, njengezintambo eziguquguqukayo zisebenzisa itheyiphu yethusi + isivikelo esiyinhlanganisela yocingo lwethusi, amakhebuli edatha asebenzisa i-aluminium foil longitudinal wrapping + design streamline, namakhebuli ezokwelapha adinga izendlalelo ezilukiwe zethusi ezinekhava ephezulu. Ngokufika kwenkathi ye-5G, isakhiwo sokuvikela esiyingxubevange setheyiphu eyinhlanganisela ye-aluminium-plastic kanye nokulukwa kwentambo yethusi ehlanganiswe ne-tin-plated kube yisixazululo esivamile samakhebuli amafrikhwensi aphezulu. Ukuzijwayeza kwemboni kubonisa ukuthi isendlalelo esivikelayo siguqukile ukusuka esakhiweni sesisekeli saya engxenyeni eyinhloko ezimele yekhebula. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zayo kudinga ukucubungulisisa izici zefrikhwensi, ukusebenza okugobayo kanye nezici zezindleko ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuhambisana nozibuthe kagesi zezimo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza.
5. Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sekhebula: Isakhiwo esigcwele
Imikhiqizo eminingi yocingo neyekhebula ine-multi-core. Isibonelo, izintambo eziningi zamandla kagesi aphansi ziyizintambo ezine-core noma ezinhlanu (ezifanele izinhlelo zezigaba ezintathu), futhi izintambo zocingo zasemadolobheni ziza ngamapheya angu-800, amapheya angu-1200, amapheya angu-2400 kuya kumapheya angu-3600. Ngemva kokuba lezi zintambo zocingo eziboshiwe noma amapheya afakwe izintambo (noma amakhebula ngamaqembu izikhathi eziningi), kuba nezinkinga ezimbili: enye iwukuthi umumo awusindingilizi, kanti enye iwukuthi kunezikhala ezinkulu phakathi kwama-core wire cores. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo sokugcwalisa kufanele sengezwe ngesikhathi se-cabling. Isakhiwo sokugcwalisa ukwenza ububanzi bangaphandle be-cabling bube yindilinga, okulungele ukugoqa nokukhishwa kwe-sheath, futhi nokwenza isakhiwo sekhebula sizinze futhi ingaphakathi liqine. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa (lapho welula, ucindezela futhi ugoba ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokubeka), amandla asetshenziswa ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokulimaza isakhiwo sangaphakathi sekhebula. Ngakho-ke, nakuba isakhiwo sokugcwalisa siyisakhiwo esisizayo, siyadingeka futhi, futhi kunemithethonqubo enemininingwane ekukhethweni kwayo kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuklama komumo.
Izinto zokugcwalisa ikhebula: Ngokuvamile, izigcwalisi zezintambo zihlanganisa itheyiphu ye-polypropylene, intambo ye-PP engalukiwe, intambo ye-hemp, noma izinto ezingabizi kakhulu ezenziwe ngerabha egaywe kabusha. Ukuze isetshenziswe njengento yokugcwalisa ikhebula, kufanele ibe nezici zokungabangeli imiphumela emibi kumgogodla wekhebula le-insulated, ingabi yi-hygroscopic ngokwayo, ingabi lula ukushwabana futhi ingagqwali.
6. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sekhebula: Izakhi eziqinile
Izintambo zomdabu kanye nemikhiqizo yekhebula incike ongqimbeni lwezivikelo lwesheath ukuze imelane namandla angaphandle aqinile noma amandla aqinile okubangwa isisindo sawo. Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile i-armoring yensimbi yensimbi kanye nensimbi yensimbi (isibonelo, kumakhebuli angaphansi kolwandle, izintambo zensimbi eziwugqinsi ezinobubanzi obungu-8mm ziyasetshenziswa futhi zisontiwe ukuze zakhe ungqimba lwezikhali). Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuvikelwe imicu yokubona emandleni amancane aqinile futhi kuvinjwe ukuguquguquka okuncane kwemicu okungase kuthinte ukusebenza kokudlulisela, isakhiwo sekhebula le-fiber optical sifakwe ukuvala okuyisisekelo nesesibili kanye nezingxenye zamandla eziqinile ezizinikele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ikhebula le-headphone likamakhalekhukhwini lithatha isakhiwo lapho intambo yethusi ecolekile noma itheyiphu yethusi ezacile iboshelwe emiculweni yokwenziwa ye-filaments futhi ungqimba oluvikelayo lukhishelwe ngaphandle, le micu yokwenziwa iyingxenye eqinile. Sengiphetha, emikhiqizweni ekhethekile, emincane futhi eguquguqukayo eyenziwe eminyakeni yamuva nje edinga ukusetshenziswa okuningi kokugoba nokusonta, izakhi eziqinile zidlala indima enkulu.
Yiziphi izinto ezifakwe ezingxenyeni zekhebula eliqinile: imicu yensimbi, izintambo zensimbi, namafoyili ensimbi engagqwali
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-25-2025