Izintambo nezintambo, ezisebenza njengezithwali eziyinhloko zokudlulisa amandla kanye nokuxhumana ngolwazi, zinokusebenza okuncike ngqo ezinqubweni zokumboza izintambo kanye nokuvala isivikelo. Ngokuhlukahluka kwezidingo zemboni yesimanje zokusebenza kwekhebula, izinqubo ezine eziyinhloko—ukukhipha, ukugoqa okude, ukugoqa okulengayo, kanye nokufaka i-dip coating—kubonisa izinzuzo ezihlukile ezimweni ezahlukene. Lesi sihloko sigxila ekukhetheni izinto, ukugeleza kwenqubo, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa kwenqubo ngayinye, sinikeza isisekelo semfundiso yokuklama nokukhetha ikhebula.
1 Inqubo Yokukhipha
1.1 Izinhlelo Zezinto Ezibalulekile
Inqubo yokukhipha isebenzisa kakhulu izinto ze-thermoplastic noma ze-thermosetting polymer:
① I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Izindleko eziphansi, kulula ukuyicubungula, ifanele izintambo ezivamile ezinama-voltage aphansi (isb., izintambo ezijwayelekile ze-UL 1061), kodwa ezimelana nokushisa okungekuhle (izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ≤70°C).
②I-Polyethylene exhumene ne-Cross-linked (XLPE): Ngokusebenzisa i-peroxide noma i-irradiation cross-linking, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lifike ku-90°C (i-IEC 60502 standard), esetshenziselwa izintambo zamandla ezimaphakathi neziphezulu.
③ I-Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU): Ukumelana nokuguguleka kufinyelela ku-ISO 4649 Standard Grade A, esetshenziselwa izintambo zokudonsa zamarobhothi.
④ Ama-fluoroplastic (isb., i-FEP): Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu (200°C) kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zekhebula lendiza i-MIL-W-22759.
1.2 Izici Zenqubo
Isebenzisa i-screw extruder ukuze ifeze ukumbozwa okuqhubekayo:
① Ukulawula Izinga Lokushisa: I-XLPE idinga ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa lezigaba ezintathu (indawo yokudla engu-120°C → indawo yokucindezela engu-150°C → indawo yokuhlanganisa engu-180°C).
② Ukulawula Ubukhulu: Ubukhulu kumele bube ≤5% (njengoba kuchaziwe ku-GB/T 2951.11).
③ Indlela Yokupholisa: Ukupholisa i-gradient emgodini wamanzi ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwe-crystallization.
1.3 Izimo Zokusebenza
① Ukudluliselwa Kwamandla: Izintambo ezifakwe ugesi ezingama-35 kV nangaphansi kwe-XLPE (GB/T 12706).
② Ama-Harnesses Ezintambo Zezimoto: Ukufakwa kwe-PVC okunodonga oluncane (i-ISO 6722 ejwayelekile engu-0.13 mm ubukhulu).
③ Izintambo Ezikhethekile: Izintambo ze-coaxial ezifakwe i-PTFE (ASTM D3307).
2 Inqubo Yokugoqa Eside
2.1 Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile
① Imichilo Yensimbi: 0.15 mmiteyipu yensimbi ehlanganisiwe(Izidingo ze-GB/T 2952), itheyiphu ye-aluminium eboshwe ngepulasitiki (isakhiwo se-Al/PET/Al).
② Izinto Zokuvimba Amanzi: Itheyiphu yokuvimba amanzi eboshwe nge-hot-melted adhesive (izinga lokuvuvukala ≥500%).
③ Izinto Zokushisela: Ucingo lokushisela lwe-aluminium lwe-ER5356 lokushisela i-argon arc (i-AWS A5.10 ejwayelekile).
2.2 Ubuchwepheshe Obubalulekile
Inqubo yokusonga isikhathi eside ihilela izinyathelo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
① Ukwakheka Kwemicu: Ukugoba imicu eyisicaba ibe yisimo se-U → isimo se-O ngokugoqa okunezigaba eziningi.
② Ukushisela Okuqhubekayo: Ukushisela kokungeniswa okunemvamisa ephezulu (imvamisa engu-400 kHz, isivinini esingu-20 m/min).
③ Ukuhlolwa Okuku-inthanethi: Isihloli se-spark (i-voltage yokuhlola engu-9 kV/mm).
2.3 Izicelo Ezijwayelekile
① Izintambo Zomkhumbi-ngwenya: Ukugoqa okuqondile kwensimbi okunezingqimba ezimbili (IEC 60840 amandla ajwayelekile omshini ≥400 N/mm²).
② Amakhebula Okumba: Igobolondo le-aluminiyamu elinothayela (MT 818.14 amandla okucindezela ≥20 MPa).
③ Amakhebula Okuxhumana: Isivikelo sokugoqa esihlanganisiwe se-aluminium-plastic longitudinal (ukulahlekelwa kokudlulisela ≤0.1 dB/m @1GHz).
3 Inqubo Yokugoqa Okugoqekile
3.1 Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile
① I-Mica Tape: Okuqukethwe kwe-Muscovite ≥95% (GB/T 5019.6), izinga lokushisa lokumelana nomlilo lingu-1000°C/90 min.
② Itheyiphu Ehambisa Umoya Ongacutshunguliwe: Okuqukethwe okumnyama kwekhabhoni okungu-30%～40% (ukumelana nomthamo okungu-10²～10³ Ω·cm).
③ Amatheyiphu Ahlanganisiwe: Ifilimu ye-polyester + indwangu engalukiwe (ukujiya okungu-0.05 mm ±0.005 mm).
3.2 Amapharamitha Enqubo
① I-engela yokugoqa: 25°～55° (i-engela encane inikeza ukumelana okungcono kokugoba).
② Isilinganiso Sokugqagqana: 50% ～70% (izintambo ezingashisi zidinga ukugqagqana okungu-100%).
③ Ukulawula Ukucindezeleka: 0.5～2 N/mm² (ukulawula i-servo motor closed-loop).
3.3 Izicelo Ezintsha
① Izintambo Zamandla Enuzi: Ukugoqa i-mica tape enezingqimba ezintathu (ukuhlolwa kwe-IEEE 383 okujwayelekile kwe-LOCA kuyafaneleka).
② Amakhebula Okulawula Ukudlulisa Ugesi: Ukugoqa itheyiphu evimba amanzi e-semiconducting (izinga lokugcina ugesi elibalulekile ≥98%).
③ Amakhebula Anemvamisa Ephakeme: Ukugoqa ifilimu ye-PTFE (okungaguquki kwe-dielectric okungu-2.1 @1MHz).
4 Inqubo Yokumboza Nge-Dip
4.1 Izinhlelo Zokumboza
① Ukufakwa kwe-Asphalt: Ukungena okungu-60～80 (0.1 mm) @25°C (GB/T 4507).
② I-Polyurethane: Uhlelo olunezingxenye ezimbili (NCO∶OH = 1.1∶1), ukunamathela ≥3B (ASTM D3359).
③ Izembozo ezincane: i-resin ye-epoxy eguquliwe ye-SiO₂ (ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti >1000 h).
4.2 Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenqubo
① Ukufakwa kwe-Vacuum: Ukucindezela okungu-0.08 MPa kugcinwa imizuzu engama-30 (izinga lokugcwalisa imbobo >95%).
② Ukwelapha i-UV: Ubude bamagagasi angu-365 nm, amandla angu-800 mJ/cm².
③ Ukomisa kwe-Gradient: 40°C × 2 h → 80°C × 4 h → 120°C × 1 h.
4.3 Izicelo Ezikhethekile
① Ama-Overhead Conductors: Isembozo esilwa nokugqwala esiguqulwe yi-Graphene (ubuningi be-salt deposit buncishiswe ngo-70%).
② Izintambo Zebhodi Lemikhumbi: Isembozo se-polyurea esiziphilisayo (isikhathi sokuphulukiswa kwemifantu <24 h).
③ Amakhebula Agqitshwe: Isembozo se-semiconducting (ukumelana nokumisa phansi ≤5 Ω·km).
5 Isiphetho
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nemishini ehlakaniphile, izinqubo zokumboza ziyashintsha ziye ekuhlanganisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwedijithali. Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe bokusonga nge-extrusion-longitudinal buvumela ukukhiqizwa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-co-extrusion enezingqimba ezintathu + i-aluminium sheath, kanti izintambo zokuxhumana ze-5G zisebenzisa i-nano-coating + wrapping composite insulation. Ukusungula inqubo yesikhathi esizayo kudinga ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokulawulwa kwezindleko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza, okuqhuba intuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yekhebula.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 31-2025