Ngokwezimo ezifanele, izintambo ze-optical ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa ezangaphandle, ezangaphakathi, nezangaphakathi/zangaphandle. Yimiphi umehluko phakathi kwalezi zigaba ezinkulu zezintambo ze-optical?
1. Ikhebula le-Optical Fiber yangaphandle
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwekhebula esihlangana nalo kubunjiniyela bokuxhumana ngokuvamile ikhebula le-fiber optical yangaphandle.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zangaphandle, izintambo ze-fiber optical zangaphandle ngokuvamile zisebenza kahle ngokwemishini futhi zivame ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ezingangeni umswakama futhi ezingangeni manzi.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwekhebula ngendlela yomshini, izintambo ze-fiber optical zangaphandle zivame ukufaka izingxenye zensimbi ezifana namalungu ensimbi aphakathi kanye nezendlalelo zensimbi.
Amatheyiphu ensimbi ambozwe ngepulasitiki noma ngepulasitiki azungeze umongo wekhebula abonisa izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimba umswakama. Ukuvimbela ukungcola kwekhebula kufezwa kakhulu ngokufaka amafutha nomaintambo evimba amanzinjengezigcwalisi ngaphakathi kwe-cable core.
Isivikelo sezintambo ze-fiber optical zangaphandle ngokuvamile senziwe nge-polyethylene. Izivikelo ze-polyethylene zinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba, ukumelana nokugqwala, isikhathi eside sokuphila, ukuguquguquka okuhle, nezinye izinzuzo, kodwa azivimbeli ilangabi. Umnyama we-carbon nezinye izithako ngokuvamile zifakiwe esivikweni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwawo nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Ngakho-ke, izintambo ze-fiber optical zangaphandle esizibonayo zivame ukuba nombala omnyama.
2. Ikhebula le-Optical Fiber langaphakathi
Izintambo zefayibha yokubona yangaphakathi ngokuvamile zinesakhiwo esingeyona eyensimbi, kanye nezintambo ze-aramid ezivame ukusetshenziswa njengelungu lamandla ekhebula, okufaka isandla ekuguquguqukeni okuthuthukisiwe.
Ukusebenza kwemishini kwezintambo ze-fiber optical zangaphakathi ngokuvamile kuphansi kunokwezintambo zangaphandle.
Isibonelo, uma kuqhathaniswa izintambo zangaphakathi ezenzelwe ukubopha izintambo eziqondile ezisebenza kangcono ngokwemishini nezintambo zangaphandle ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka ngokwemishini njengemipayipi nezintambo zasemoyeni ezingazisekeli, izintambo zangaphakathi zinamandla angcono okubamba avumelekile kanye namandla okusicaba avumelekile.
Izintambo zefayibha ye-optical zangaphakathi ngokuvamile azidingi ukucabangela ukumelana namanzi okuvimbela umswakama, noma ukumelana ne-UV. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo sezintambo zangaphakathi silula kakhulu kunesezintambo zangaphandle. Igobolondo lezintambo zefayibha ye-optical zangaphakathi liza ngemibala ehlukahlukene, ngokuvamile ehambisana nezinhlobo zezintambo ze-fiber optic, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zangaphandle, izintambo ze-fiber optical zangaphakathi zinesikhathi esifushane futhi zivame ukudinga ukuqedwa kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
Ngakho-ke, izintambo zangaphakathi zivame ukuvela ngesimo sezintambo zokunamathisela, lapho ingxenye ephakathi kuyikhebula le-fiber optical langaphakathi. Ukuze kube lula ukuqeda, izintambo zezintambo zangaphakathi zivame ukuba nezintambo eziqinile ezinobubanzi obungu-900μm (kuyilapho izintambo zangaphandle zivame ukusebenzisa izintambo ezinemibala enobubanzi obungu-250μm noma 200μm).
Ngenxa yokufakwa ezindaweni zangaphakathi, izintambo ze-optical fiber zangaphakathi kumele zibe namakhono athile okuvimbela umlilo. Kuye ngesilinganiso sokuvimbela umlilo, i-cable sheath isebenzisa izinto ezahlukene ezivimbela umlilo, njenge-polyethylene evimbela umlilo, i-polyvinyl chloride,i-polyolefin evimbela ilangabi ephansi ene-halogen ephansi, njll.
3. Ikhebula le-Optical Fiber langaphakathi/langaphandle
Ikhebula le-fiber optical langaphakathi/ngaphandle, elaziwa nangokuthi ikhebula langaphakathi/langaphandle elijwayelekile, luhlobo lwekhebula elenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kokubili ngaphandle nangaphakathi, elisebenza njengomsele wezimpawu zokukhanya ezivela ezindaweni zangaphandle kuya zangaphakathi.
Izintambo zefayibha ye-optical yangaphakathi/yangaphandle zidinga ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zezintambo zangaphandle njengokumelana nomswakama, ukumelana namanzi, ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, kanye nokumelana ne-UV, kanye nezici zezintambo zangaphakathi, okuhlanganisa ukungasebenzi kahle komlilo kanye nokungaqhubi kukagesi. Lolu hlobo lwekhebula lubizwa nangokuthi ikhebula langaphakathi/langaphandle elinezinjongo ezimbili.
Ukuthuthukiswa okwenziwe ezintanjeni ze-optical fiber zangaphakathi/zangaphandle, ngokusekelwe ezintanjeni zangaphandle, kufaka phakathi:
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezivimbela ilangabi emgodleni.
Ukungabikho kwezingxenye zensimbi esakhiweni noma ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye zokuqinisa zensimbi ezinqanyulwa kalula ngogesi (njengentambo yesithunywa ezintanjeni ezizisekelayo).
Ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela amanzi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza kwamafutha lapho ikhebula libekwe phezulu.
Kubunjiniyela bokuxhumana obuvamile, izintambo zangaphakathi/zangaphandle azivamile ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwezintambo zokudonsa ze-FTTH (Fiber to the Home). Kodwa-ke, kumaphrojekthi ezintambo eziphelele lapho izintambo ze-optical zivame ukushintsha khona zisuka ezindaweni zangaphandle ziye ezindaweni zangaphakathi, ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo zangaphakathi/zangaphandle kuvame kakhulu. Izakhiwo ezimbili ezivamile zezintambo zangaphakathi/zangaphandle ezisetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi ezintambo eziphelele yisakhiwo se-loose-tube kanye nesakhiwo esiqinile.
4. Ingabe Izintambo Ze-Optical Fiber Zangaphandle Zingasetshenziswa Ngaphakathi?
Cha, abakwazi.
Kodwa-ke, kubunjiniyela bokuxhumana obuvamile, ngenxa yokuthi iningi lamakhebula e-optical asetshenziswa ngaphandle, izimo lapho amakhebula e-optical angaphandle edluliselwa ngqo ngaphakathi endlini zivame kakhulu.
Kwezinye izimo, ngisho nokuxhumeka okubalulekile njengezintambo zokulahla zezikhungo zedatha eziyinhloko noma izintambo zokuxhumana phakathi kwezitezi ezahlukene zesikhungo sedatha esiyinhloko zisebenzisa izintambo ezibonakalayo zangaphandle. Lokhu kubeka izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha komlilo esakhiweni, njengoba izintambo zangaphandle zingase zingahlangabezani nezindinganiso zokuphepha komlilo zangaphakathi.
5. Izincomo Zokukhetha Izintambo Ze-Optical Fiber Esakhiweni Sengqalasizinda
Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Ezidinga Ukufakwa Kwangaphakathi Nangaphandle: Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zekhebula ezidinga ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle nangaphakathi, njengezintambo zokulahla nezintambo ezingena esakhiweni, kuyalulekwa ukukhetha izintambo ze-fiber optical zangaphakathi/ngaphandle.
Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Ezisetshenziswa Ngaphakathi Ngokuphelele: Ukuze izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhebula zisetshenziswe ngokuphelele ngaphakathi, cabanga ngokusebenzisa izintambo ze-fiber optical zangaphakathi noma izintambo ze-fiber optical zangaphakathi/zangaphandle.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwezidingo Zokuphepha Komlilo: Ukuze uhlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphepha komlilo, khetha ngokucophelela izintambo ze-optical fiber zangaphakathi/zangaphandle kanye nezintambo ze-optical fiber zangaphakathi ezinezilinganiso ezifanele zokuvimbela umlilo.
Lezi zincomo zihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo ze-optical fiber ezikhethiwe zilungele kahle izimo zazo ezithile zokufakwa ngaphakathi kwengqalasizinda yesakhiwo. Zicabangela kokubili izidingo zangaphakathi nangaphandle ngenkathi zibeka phambili ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha emlilweni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-28-2025