Izingxenye zesakhiwo zemikhiqizo yocingo nekhebula ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko:abaqhubi, i-insulation layers, izendlalelo ezivikelayo nezivikelayo, kanye nezingxenye zokugcwalisa nezinto eziqinile. Ngokwezidingo zokusetshenziswa nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza, ezinye izakhiwo zomkhiqizo zilula kakhulu, zinamakhondatha kuphela njengengxenye yesakhiwo, njengezintambo ezingenalutho ezingaphezulu, izintambo zenethiwekhi, amabhasi e-copper-aluminium (amabhasi), njll. imikhiqizo incike kuma-insulators ngesikhathi sokufakwa kanye nebanga lendawo (okungukuthi, ukufakwa komoya) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha.
1. Abaqhubi
Amakhondatha ayizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu nezibaluleke kakhulu ezibhekele ukuhanjiswa kolwazi lwamagagasi kagesi noma i-electromagnetic wave ngaphakathi komkhiqizo. Amakhondatha, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-conductive wire cores, enziwe ngezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi ephezulu-conductivity efana nekhopha, i-aluminium, njll.
2. I-Insulation Layers
Lezi zingxenye zimboza ama-conductor, zinikeze ukufakwa kukagesi. Baqinisekisa ukuthi amagagasi amanje noma kagesi/i-optical asakazwa kuphela ahambisana ne-conductor hhayi ngaphandle. Izendlalelo zokuvikela ukushisa zigcina amandla (okungukuthi, i-voltage) ku-conductor ukuthi angathonyeli izinto ezizungezile futhi aqinisekise kokubili umsebenzi ovamile wokudlulisa wekhondakta nokuphepha kwangaphandle kwezinto kanye nabantu.
Amakhondatha kanye nezingqimba zokufakelwa yizici ezimbili ezibalulekile ezidingekayo emikhiqizweni yamakhebula (ngaphandle kwezintambo ezingenalutho).
Ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zemvelo ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokusebenza, imikhiqizo yocingo nekhebula kufanele ibe nezingxenye ezinikeza ukuvikeleka, ikakhulukazi ungqimba lokufakelwa. Lezi zingxenye zaziwa njengezingqimba ezivikelayo.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinto zokufaka ugesi kumele zibe nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokufaka ugesi, zidinga ubumsulwa obuphezulu obunokungcola okuncane. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinto ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuvikela ngesikhathi esisodwa ezintweni zangaphandle (okungukuthi, amandla emishini ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokusebenzisa, ukumelana nezimo zomoya, amakhemikhali, uwoyela, izinsongo zebhayoloji, nezingozi zomlilo). Lezi zidingo zisingathwa yizinhlaka ezehlukene zokuvikela.
Ezintamboni eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izindawo ezivumayo zangaphandle (isb., izindawo ezihlanzekile, ezomile, zasendlini ezingenawo amandla emishini angaphandle), noma ezimeni lapho ungqimba olufakwa ngaphakathi lubonisa amandla athile emishini kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu, kungase kungabi khona imfuneko yongqimba oluvikelayo. ingxenye.
4. Ukuvikela
Iyingxenye emikhiqizweni yekhebula ehlukanisa inkambu kazibuthe kagesi ngaphakathi kwekhebula kusukela ezinkambeni zangaphandle ze-electromagnetic. Ngisho naphakathi kwamapheya ezintambo ahlukene noma amaqembu ngaphakathi kwemikhiqizo yekhebula, ukuhlukaniswa okulinganayo kuyadingeka. Isendlalelo esivikelayo singachazwa ngokuthi "isikrini sokuhlukaniswa kwe-electromagnetic."
Iminyaka eminingi, imboni ibheka ungqimba oluvikelayo njengengxenye yesakhiwo sesendlalelo sokuvikela. Kodwa-ke, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe njengengxenye ehlukile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umsebenzi wesendlalelo esivikelayo akukhona nje kuphela ukuhlukanisa ngozibuthe ulwazi oludluliswa ngaphakathi komkhiqizo wekhebula, luvimbele ukuthi lungavuzi noma lubangele ukuphazamiseka kwezinsimbi zangaphandle noma eminye imigqa, kodwa futhi ukuvimbela amaza kagesi angaphandle ukuba angene emkhiqizo wekhebula ngokusebenzisa. ukuhlangana kwe-electromagnetic. Lezi zidingo zihlukile emisebenzini yesendlalelo esiyisivikelo esivamile. Ukwengeza, ungqimba oluvikelayo alusethwanga ngaphandle kuphela kumkhiqizo kodwa futhi lubekwe phakathi kwepheya ngayinye yezintambo noma amapheya amaningi kukhebula. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ngenxa yokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezinhlelo zokudlulisa ulwazi kusetshenziswa izintambo nezintambo, kanye nenani elandayo lemithombo yokuphazamiseka kwamagagasi kagesi emkhathini, izinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo ezivikelwe ziye zaphindaphindeka. Ukuqonda ukuthi isendlalelo esivikelayo siyingxenye ebalulekile yemikhiqizo yekhebula sekwamukelwe kabanzi.
Imikhiqizo eminingi yocingo neyekhebula inamakhompiyutha amaningi, njengamakhebuli kagesi aphansi kakhulu okuyizintambo ezine-core noma ezinhlanu (ezifanele izinhlelo zezigaba ezintathu), kanye nezintambo zocingo zasemadolobheni ezisukela kumapheya angu-800 kuya kumapheya angu-3600. Ngemva kokuhlanganisa lawa makhora avalelwe noma amapheya ezintambo enze ikhebula (noma ukuhlanganisa izikhathi eziningi), umumo ongajwayelekile namagebe amakhulu akhona phakathi kwamakhora avaleleke noma amapheya ezintambo. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo sokugcwalisa kufanele sifakwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwekhebula. Inhloso yalesi sakhiwo ukugcina ububanzi obungaphandle obufanayo obufanayo ku-coiling, kusiza ukugoqa kanye ne-sheath extrusion. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqinisekisa ukuzinza kwekhebula nobuqotho besakhiwo sangaphakathi, isakaza amandla ngokulinganayo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa (ukwelula, ukucindezelwa, nokugoba ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokubeka) ukuvimbela ukulimala kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi sekhebula.
Ngakho-ke, nakuba isakhiwo sokugcwalisa sisizayo, siyadingeka. Imithetho enemininingwane ikhona mayelana nokukhetha impahla kanye nomklamo walesi sakhiwo.
Izintambo zomdabu kanye nemikhiqizo yekhebula ngokuvamile incike kungqimba lwezikhali lwesendlalelo esivikelayo ukuze imelane namandla angaphandle aqinile noma ukungezwani okubangelwa isisindo sawo. Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zifaka i-armoring ye-steel tape kanye ne-armoring yezintambo zensimbi (njengokusebenzisa izintambo zensimbi eziwugqinsi ezingu-8mm, ezisontelwe zibe isendlalelo se-armored, zamakhebuli angaphansi kolwandle). Kodwa-ke, ezintanjeni ze-fiber optical, ukuze kuvikelwe i-fibre emandleni amancane aqinile, ukugwema noma yikuphi ukuguquguquka okuncane okungase kuthinte ukusebenza kokudlulisela, izimbotshana eziyinhloko nezesibili kanye nezingxenye ezikhethekile eziqinile zifakwa esakhiweni sekhebula. Isibonelo, ezintanjeni zamahedisethi omakhalekhukhwini, intambo yethusi ecolekile noma itheyiphu yethusi ezacile ezungeze ifayibha yokwenziwa ikhishwa ngesendlalelo esivikelayo, lapho ifayibha yokwenziwa isebenza njengengxenye eqinile. Sekukonke, eminyakeni yamuva, ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo emincane ekhethekile futhi eguquguqukayo edinga ukugoba nokusonteka okuningi, izakhi eziqinile zidlala indima ebalulekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-19-2023