Ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka kwenkambu kagesi ezintanjeni ze-AC kufana, futhi ukugxila kwezinto zokufaka ikhebula ku-dielectric constant, engathinteki ukushisa. Ngokuphambene, ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi kumakhebula e-DC kuphezulu kakhulu kungqimba lwangaphakathi lwe-insulation futhi kuthonywa ukuphikiswa kwezinto ezifakwayo. Izinto zokufakwa kwe-insulation zibonisa i-coefficient yokushisa engalungile, okusho ukuthi njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukumelana nomzimba kuncipha.
Uma ikhebula lisebenza, ukulahlekelwa okuyinhloko kubangela ukuthi izinga lokushisa likhuphuke, okuholela ekushintsheni kokuphikiswa kwezinto zokufakelwa. Lokhu, futhi, kubangela ukucindezelwa kwensimu kagesi ngaphakathi kongqimba lwe-insulation kuhluke. Ngamanye amazwi, ngokuqina okufanayo kokufakwa kwe-insulation, i-voltage yokuwohloka iyehla njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Olayini beziqu ze-DC eziteshini zikagesi ezisabalalisiwe, izinga lokuguga lezinto ezifakwayo lishesha kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ezingcwatshiwe, okuyiphuzu elibalulekile okufanele liphawulwe.
Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezingqimba ze-cable insulation, ukungcola kwethulwa ngokungenakugwenywa. Lokhu kungcola kunokumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa futhi kusatshalaliswa ngokungalingani eceleni komugqa we-radial wesendlalelo sokufakwa. Lokhu kubangela ukungezwani kwevolumu ehlukahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi e-DC, inkambu kagesi engaphakathi kwesendlalelo se-insulation izophinde ihluke, okubangele ukuthi izindawo ezinevolumu ephansi yokungezwani komzimba ziguge ngokushesha futhi zibe amaphuzu angaba khona okuhluleka.
Amakhebuli e-AC awabonisi lesi simo. Ngamagama alula, ukucindezelwa kwezinto zekhebula le-AC kusatshalaliswa ngokufanayo, kuyilapho kumakhebula e-DC, ingcindezi yokufaka ingcindezi ihlale igxile ezindaweni ezibuthaka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinqubo zokukhiqiza namazinga ezintambo ze-AC ne-DC kufanele ziphathwe ngendlela ehlukile.
I-polyethylene ehlanganisiwe (XLPE)izintambo ezivalekile zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-AC ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezinhle kakhulu ze-dielectric nezomzimba, kanye nesilinganiso sazo esiphezulu sokusebenza kwezindleko. Kodwa-ke, lapho esetshenziswa njengezintambo ze-DC, abhekana nenselele enkulu ehlobene nokushajwa kwesikhala, ebaluleke kakhulu kumakhebuli e-DC anamandla kagesi. Uma ama-polymers esetshenziswa njengokwahlukanisa ikhebula le-DC, inani elikhulu lezicupho zasendaweni ngaphakathi kongqimba olufakwayo libangela ukunqwabelana kwezindleko zesikhala. Umthelela wezindleko zesikhala ezintweni zokufaka ugesi ubonakala ngokuyinhloko ezicini ezimbili: ukuhlanekezelwa kwenkundla kagesi kanye nemiphumela yokuhlanekezela kwenkundla okungeyona ekagesi, kokubili okulimaza kakhulu impahla yokufakelwa.
Inkokhelo yesikhala isho inkokhiso eyeqile edlula ukungathathi hlangothi kukagesi ngaphakathi kweyunithi yesakhiwo yezinto ezimakhroscopic. Kuzinto eziqinile, izindleko zesikhala ezinhle noma ezimbi ziboshelwe emazingeni wamandla wendawo, ahlinzeka ngemiphumela ye-polarization ngendlela yama-polaron aboshwe. I-polarization ye-Space charge kwenzeka uma ama-ion amahhala ekhona ku-dielectric material. Ngenxa yokunyakaza kwama-ion, ama-ion angalungile anqwabelana esixhumi esibonakalayo eduze kwe-electrode ephozithivu, futhi ama-ion aqondile anqwabelana esixhumi esibonakalayo eduze kwe-electrode eyinegethivu. Endimeni kagesi ye-AC, ukufuduka kwezindleko ezinhle nezingezinhle akukwazi ukuhambisana nezinguquko ezisheshayo endaweni kagesi yefrikhwensi yamandla, ngakho-ke imiphumela yokushaja kwesikhala ingenzeki. Emkhakheni kagesi we-DC, noma kunjalo, inkambu kagesi isakaza ngokuvumelana nokumelana nokumelana, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwezindleko zesikhala futhi kuthinte ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu kagesi. Ukufakwa kwe-XLPE kuqukethe inani elikhulu lezifunda zendawo, okwenza imiphumela yokushaja isikhala ibe nzima kakhulu.
Ukufakwa kwe-XLPE kuxhumene ngamakhemikhali, kwakha isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe esixhumene. Njengepolymer engeyona i-polar, ikhebula ngokwalo lingafaniswa ne-capacitor enkulu. Uma ukudluliswa kwe-DC kuma, kulingana nokushaja i-capacitor. Nakuba i-conductor core isekelwe phansi, ukuchithwa okuphumelelayo akwenzeki, okushiya inani elibalulekile lamandla e-DC agcinwe kukhebula njengezindleko zesikhala. Ngokungafani namakhebuli kagesi e-AC, lapho amashaji esikhala ahlakazwa khona ngokulahleka kwe-dielectric, lezi zindleko zinqwabelana lapho kunesici kukhebuli.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuphazanyiswa kwamandla okuvamisile noma ukushintshashintsha kwamandla amanje, izintambo ezivalekile ze-XLPE ziqongelela amashaji esikhala amaningi, asheshisa ukuguga kongqimba olufakwayo futhi anciphise impilo yesevisi yekhebula.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-10-2025