Ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka kwensimu kagesi ezintanjeni ze-AC kuyafana, futhi ukugxila kwezinto zokuvimbela ikhebula kugxile ku-dielectric constant, engathinteki izinga lokushisa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka ezintanjeni ze-DC kuphakeme kakhulu engqimbeni yangaphakathi yokuvimbela futhi kuthonywa ukumelana kwezinto zokuvimbela. Izinto zokuvimbela zibonisa i-coefficient yokushisa engemihle, okusho ukuthi njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukumelana kuyancipha.
Uma ikhebula lisebenza, ukulahlekelwa okuyinhloko kubangela ukuthi izinga lokushisa likhuphuke, okuholela ekushintsheni kokumelana kwezinto zokufaka umswakama. Lokhu, futhi, kubangela ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwensimu kagesi ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo sokufaka umswakama kuhluke. Ngamanye amazwi, ngobukhulu obufanayo bokufaka umswakama, i-voltage yokuqhekeka iyancipha njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Kumigqa ye-DC trunk eziteshini zamandla ezisatshalaliswayo, izinga lokuguga kwezinto zokufaka umswakama lishesha kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ezingcwatshwe, okuyiphuzu elibalulekile okufanele liqashelwe.
Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezingqimba zokufaka ikhebula, ukungcola kungeniswa ngokungenakugwenywa. Lokhu kungcola kune-resistivity ephansi kakhulu yokufaka i-insulation futhi kusatshalaliswa ngokungalingani eceleni kwe-radial yengqimba yokufaka i-insulation. Lokhu kuphumela ekumelaneni kwevolumu okuhlukahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ngaphansi kwe-DC voltage, insimu kagesi ngaphakathi kwengqimba yokufaka i-insulation nayo izohluka, okubangela ukuthi izindawo ezinokumelana kwevolumu ephansi kakhulu ziguge ngokushesha futhi zibe amaphuzu angaba khona okwehluleka.
Izintambo ze-AC azibonisi lesi simo. Kalula nje, ukucindezeleka ezintweni zekhebula le-AC kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, kuyilapho ezintanjeni ze-DC, ukucindezeleka kokushisa kuhlala kugxile ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nezindinganiso zezintambo ze-AC ne-DC kufanele ziphathwe ngendlela ehlukile.
I-polyethylene exhumene ne-cross-linked (XLPE)Izintambo ezivalekile zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekusetshenzisweni kwe-AC ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezinhle kakhulu ze-dielectric nezomzimba, kanye nesilinganiso sazo sokusebenza kahle kwezindleko eziphezulu. Kodwa-ke, uma zisetshenziswa njengezintambo ze-DC, zibhekene nenselele enkulu ehlobene nokushaja isikhala, okubaluleke kakhulu ezintanjeni ze-DC ezinama-voltage aphezulu. Lapho ama-polymer esetshenziswa njengokufakwa kwezintambo ze-DC, inani elikhulu lezicupho ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwengqimba yokufakwa kwezintambo libangela ukuqongelela kwamacala esikhala. Umthelela wamacala esikhala ezintweni zokufakwa kwezintambo ubonakala kakhulu ezicini ezimbili: ukuphambuka kwensimu kagesi kanye nemiphumela yokuphambuka kwensimu okungeyona kagesi, kokubili okulimaza kakhulu izinto zokufakwa kwezintambo.
Ishaja yesikhala ibhekisela ekushajeni okweqile ngale kokungathathi hlangothi kukagesi ngaphakathi kweyunithi yesakhiwo sezinto ezibonakalayo. Ezintweni eziqinile, amashaja esikhala amahle noma amabi aboshwe emazingeni amandla asendaweni, okuhlinzeka ngemiphumela ye-polarization ngesimo sama-polaron aboshiwe. I-polarization yeshaja yesikhala yenzeka lapho ama-ion amahhala ekhona ezintweni ze-dielectric. Ngenxa yokunyakaza kwama-ion, ama-ion amabi aqoqana esibonakalayo eduze kwe-electrode enhle, kanti ama-ion amabi aqoqana esibonakalayo eduze kwe-electrode engalungile. Ensimini kagesi ye-AC, ukufuduka kwamacala amahle namabi akukwazi ukuhambisana nezinguquko ezisheshayo ensimini kagesi yemvamisa yamandla, ngakho-ke imiphumela yeshaja yesikhala ayenzeki. Ensimini kagesi ye-DC, nokho, insimu kagesi isabalalisa ngokuya ngokumelana, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwamacala esikhala futhi kuthinte ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu kagesi. Ukufakwa kwe-XLPE kuqukethe inani elikhulu lezimo zendawo, okwenza imiphumela yeshaja yesikhala ibe nzima kakhulu.
Ukufakwa kwe-XLPE kuhlanganiswe ngamakhemikhali, kwakha isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe esixhunywe nge-cross-linked. Njenge-polymer engeyona i-polar, ikhebula ngokwalo lingafaniswa ne-capacitor enkulu. Lapho ukudluliselwa kwe-DC kuyeka, kufana nokushaja i-capacitor. Nakuba umongo womqhubi uphansi, ukukhishwa okuphumelelayo akwenzeki, okushiya inani elikhulu lamandla e-DC agcinwe kukhebula njengamashaji esikhala. Ngokungafani nezintambo zikagesi ze-AC, lapho amashaji esikhala ehlakazeka khona ngokulahlekelwa yi-dielectric, la mashaji aqoqana lapho kunezinkinga kukhebula.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuphazamiseka kwamandla njalo noma ukuguquguquka kwamandla wamanje, izintambo ezifakwe ugesi ze-XLPE ziqoqa izindleko zesikhala eziningi, zisheshise ukuguga kwesendlalelo sokufakelwa ugesi futhi zinciphise impilo yesevisi yekhebula.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-10-2025