Esikhathini sobuchwepheshe besathelayithi obuthuthuke kakhulu, iqiniso elivame ukunganakwa ukuthi ngaphezu kuka-99% wedatha yedatha yamazwe ngamazwe ayidluliswa ngesikhala, kodwa ngamakhebula e-fiber-optic agqitshwe ekujuleni phansi olwandle. Le nethiwekhi yezintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle, ezihlanganisa izigidi zamakhilomitha seziphelele, iyisisekelo sedijithali sangempela esisekela i-inthanethi yomhlaba wonke, uhwebo lwezezimali, nokuxhumana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngemuva kwalokhu kukhona ukwesekwa okukhethekile kobuchwepheshe bezinto zekhebula ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
1.Kusuka ku-Telegraph kuye ku-Terabits: I-Epic Evolution yezintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi
Umlando wezintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle ungumlando wesifiso somuntu sokuxhuma umhlaba, kanye nomlando wokuqamba izinto ezintsha ngezinto zekhebula.
Ngo-1850, kwabekwa ngempumelelo intambo yocingo yokuqala ehamba ngaphansi kolwandle exhuma iDover, UK, kanye neCalais, eFrance. Umnyombo wawo kwakuwucingo lwethusi, olufakwe injoloba yemvelo i-gutta-percha, okuphawula isinyathelo sokuqala ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zekhebula.
Ngo-1956, intambo yocingo yokuqala ye-transatlantic (TAT-1) yafakwa emsebenzini, yafinyelela ukuxhumana kwezwi phakathi kwezwekazi futhi yakhuphula izidingo eziphakeme zezinto zokufakelwa kanye nezinto zokushelela.
Ngo-1988, intambo yokuqala ye-transatlantic fiber-optic (TAT-8) yethulwa, iphawula ukugxuma komthamo wokuxhumana kanye nesivinini, futhi ivula isahluko sesizukulwane esisha sezinhlanganisela zekhebula nezinto zokuvimbela amanzi.
Namuhla, kunezintambo ezingaphezu kuka-400 ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle ze-fiber-optic akha inethiwekhi enamandla exhuma wonke amazwekazi. Konke ukugxuma kwezobuchwepheshe bekungenakuhlukaniswa kusukela ezenzweni ezintsha eziguquguqukayo ezintweni zekhebula kanye nesakhiwo sesakhiwo, ikakhulukazi impumelelo ezintweni ze-polymer nezinhlanganisela zekhebula ezikhethekile.
2. Isimangaliso Sobunjiniyela: Isakhiwo Esinembayo kanye Nezinto Ezibalulekile Zekhebula Lezintambo Zase-Deep-Sea
Ikhebula lesimanje le-deep-sea optical likude “nocingo” olulula; iwuhlelo oluyinhlanganisela yezendlalelo eziningi olwakhelwe ukumelana nezimo ezibucayi. Ukuthembeka kwayo okukhethekile kuvela ekuvikelekeni okunembile okunikezwa ungqimba ngalunye lwezinto zekhebula ezikhethekile.
I-Optical Fiber Core: I-absolute core ephethe ukudluliswa kwesignali ye-optical; ubumsulwa bayo bunquma ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisela kanye namandla.
I-Seal Sheath kanye Nesithiyo Samanzi: Ngaphandle komnyombo kunezendlalelo eziningi zokuvikela ezinembe.I-Tape Yokuvimbela Amanzi, Intambo Yokuvimba Amanzi, nezinye izinto ezivimbela amanzi zakha umgoqo oqinile, oqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho noma ikhebula likamkhumbi-ngwenya lonakala ngaphansi kwengcindezi ejulile yolwandle, ukungena kwamanzi okude kuyavinjelwa, kuhlukanise iphuzu lephutha endaweni encane kakhulu. Lobu ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokuqinisekisa ubude besikhathi sekhebula.
I-Insulation kanye ne-Sheath: Yakhiwe ngamakhompiyutha akhethekile okufakelwa kanye nama-sheathing compounds afana ne-High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Lezi zinhlanganisela zekhebula zihlinzeka ngokufaka ugesi okuhle kakhulu (ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwamandla kagesi aphezulu asetshenziselwa ukuphakela amandla okukude kulaba abaphindayo), amandla emishini, nokumelana nokugqwala, okusebenza njengomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ekugqwaleni kwamakhemikhali olwandle kanye nomfutho ojulile wolwandle. I-HDPE sheathing compound iyinhlangano ye-polymer emele yezinhlelo ezinjalo.
I-Strength Armor Layer: Yakhiwe izintambo zensimbi eziqine kakhulu, ihlinzeka ngamandla emishini adingekayo ukuze ikhebuli yangaphansi kolwandle imelane nomfutho ojulile wolwandle, umthelela wamanje wolwandle, kanye nokungqubuzana kolwandle.
Njengomhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezinto zekhebula ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, sikuqonda ngokujulile ukubaluleka okubalulekile kokukhetha ungqimba ngalunye lwempahla yekhebula. I-Water Blocking Tape, i-Mica Tape, izinhlanganisela ze-insulation, nezinhlanganisela ze-sheathing esizihlinzekayo zenziwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwalo “mthambo wedijithali” phakathi nesikhathi sokuklanywa kwawo seminyaka engu-25 noma ngaphezulu.
3. Umthelela Ongabonakali: Itshe Legumbi Lomhlaba Wedijithali Nokukhathazeka
Izintambo ze-submarine fibre-optic ziwulolonge kabusha umhlaba ngokuphelele, zivumela ukuxhumana kwembulunga yonke ngokushesha futhi kwathuthukisa umnotho wedijithali. Kodwa-ke, ukubaluleka kwawo kwamasu kuletha nezinselele mayelana nokuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, okuletha izidingo ezintsha zokwenza ubungane bemvelo kanye nokulandeleka kwezinto zekhebula.
Ukuphepha Nokuqina: Njengengqalasizinda ebalulekile, ukuphepha kwabo ngokomzimba kuthola ukunakwa okubalulekile, kuncike ezintweni eziqinile nesakhiwo.
Isibopho Sendawo Ezungezile: Kusukela ekubekeni nasekusebenzeni kuya ekubuyiselweni kokugcina, umjikelezo wempilo wonke kufanele unciphise umthelela ku-ecosystem yasolwandle. Ukuthuthukisa inhlanganisela yekhebula evumela imvelo nezinto ze-polymer ezigaywa kabusha sekuyisivumelwano semboni.
4. Isiphetho: Ukuxhumanisa Ikusasa, Izinto Ezisetshenziswayo Zihola Indlela
Izintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi ziyimpumelelo enkulu yobunjiniyela bomuntu. Ngemuva kwale mpumelelo kukhona ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo kokubalulekile. Ngokukhula okushisayo kwethrafikhi yedatha yomhlaba wonke, izimfuno zomthamo ophezulu wokudlulisela, ukwethembeka, neminyaka yokuphila kwamakhebula ezintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle ziyakhula, okukhomba ngokuqondile isidingo sesizukulwane esisha sezinto zamakhebula ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Sizibophezele ekusebenzisaneni nozakwethu bokukhiqiza amakhebula ukuze sicwaninge, sithuthukise, futhi sikhiqize izinto zekhebula ezinobungani kakhulu nemvelo, ezisebenza kangcono kakhulu (kuhlanganise nezinhlanganisela zekhebula ezibalulekile njenge-Water Blocking Tape, izinhlanganisela ze-insulation, nezinhlanganisela ze-sheathing), sisebenza ndawonye ukuze sivikele ukugeleza okushelelayo nokuvikeleka kwentambo yokuphila yedijithali yomhlaba wonke, nokuba negalelo ekusaseni elixhumeke kakhulu nelisimeme. Emkhakheni oyisisekelo wezinto zekhebula, siqhuba ngokuqhubekayo inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-23-2025