Isivikelo esisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yocingo neyekhebula sinemiqondo emibili ehluke ngokuphelele: i-electromagnetic shielding kanye ne-electric field shieding. Ukuvikela i-electromagnetic kuklanyelwe ukuvikela izintambo ezidlulisa amasignali amaza aphezulu (njengezintambo ze-RF nezintambo zikagesi) ukuthi zingabangeli ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle noma ukuvimba amagagasi kagesi angaphandle ukuthi angaphazamisi izintambo ezidlulisa amaza abuthaka (njengezintambo zesiginali noma zokulinganisa), kanye nokunciphisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezintambo. Isivikelo senkundla kagesi siklanyelwe ukulinganisa inkambu kagesi eqinile endaweni yekhondatha noma indawo ehlanganisiwe yezintambo zamandla aphakathi nendawo naphezulu.
1. Isakhiwo kanye Nezimfuneko Zezendlalelo Zesivikelo Senkundla Kagesi
Ukuvikela izintambo zikagesi kufaka phakathi ukuvikela i-conductor, i-insulation shieding, nokuvikela insimbi. Ngokwamazinga afanelekile, amakhebuli ane-voltage elinganiselwe enkulu kuno-0.6/1kV kufanele abe nongqimba oluvikelayo lwensimbi, olungasetshenziswa kunkambo ngayinye evalekile noma kumongo wekhebula elinezintambo eziningi. Ezintamboni ezifakwe i-XLPE-insulated ezine-voltage elinganiselwe engekho ngaphansi kuka-3.6/6kV kanye ne-EPR yamakhebuli avaleleke kancane ane-voltage elinganiselwe engekho ngaphansi kuka-3.6/6kV (noma amakhebuli awugqinsi ane-voltage elinganiselwe engekho ngaphansi kuka-6/10kV), izakhiwo zokuvikela ezingaphakathi nangaphandle ze-semi-conductive nazo ziyadingeka.
(1) I-Conductor Shielding kanye ne-Insulation Shielding
Ukuvikela i-conductor (ukuvikela okungaphakathi kwe-semi-conductive) kufanele kungabi okwensimbi, okuhlanganisa impahla ekhishwayo e-semi-conductive noma itheyiphu e-semi-conductive egoqwe ku-conductor elandelwa ungqimba olukhishiwe lwe-semi-conductive.
I-insulation shielding (isivikelo sangaphandle se-semi-conductive) isendlalelo esingeyona insimbi e-semi-conductive ekhishelwe ngqo endaweni engaphandle yomgogodla ngamunye oboshiwe, ongaboshelwa kuwo ngokuqinile noma oxebukeke kusukela ku-insulation. Izendlalelo ezinwetshiwe ezingaphakathi nangaphandle ze-semi-conductive kufanele ziboshwe ngokuqinile ku-insulation, zibe nezindawo ezibushelelezi, zingabi nazimpawu zemicu ezisobala, futhi zingabi namaphethelo acijile, izinhlayiya, izimpawu ezishisayo, noma imihuzuko. I-resistivity ngaphambi nangemuva kokuguga akumele idlule ku-1000 Ω·m yesendlalelo esivikela umqhubi kanye no-500 Ω·m yesendlalelo sokuvikela ukufakwa.
Izinto ezivikelayo ezingaphakathi nangaphandle ze-semi-conductive zenziwa ngokuxuba izinto zokuvikela ezihambisanayo (njenge-polyethylene exhumene, irabha ye-ethylene-propylene, njll.) ne-carbon black, i-antioxidants, i-ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, nezinye izithasiselo. Izinhlayiya zekhabhoni ezimnyama kufanele zihlakazwe ngokulinganayo ngaphakathi kwe-polymer, ngaphandle kwe-agglomeration noma ukuhlakazeka okubi.
Ugqinsi lwezendlalelo zokuvikela i-semi-conductive zangaphakathi nangaphandle zikhuphuka ngezinga le-voltage. Ngenxa yokuthi amandla enkambu kagesi kungqimba lokufakwa ngaphakathi naphansi aphakeme ngaphakathi naphansi ngaphandle, ukujiya kwezendlalelo zokuvikela i-semi-conductive kufanele futhi kube kukhulu ngaphakathi kunangaphandle. Esikhathini esedlule, isivikelo esingaphandle se-semi-conductive sasenziwa sajiya kancane kunesangaphakathi ukuvimbela imihuzuko ngenxa yokulawula okungekuhle kwe-sag noma ukubhoboza okubangelwa amateyipu ethusi aqine kakhulu. Manje, ngokuqapha okuzenzakalelayo kwe-sag oku-inthanethi kanye namatheyipu ethusi athambile ahlanganisiwe, ungqimba olungaphakathi oluyisivikelo lwe-semi-conductive kufanele lwenziwe lube lugqinsi kancane noma lulingane nongqimba lwangaphandle. Kuzintambo ezingu-6–10–35 kV, ukujiya kongqimba lwangaphakathi ngokuvamile kungu-0.5–0.6–0.8 mm.
(2) Isivikelo Sensimbi
Amakhebuli ane-voltage elinganiselwe enkulu kuno-0.6/1kV kufanele abe nongqimba oluvikelayo lwensimbi. Isendlalelo esivikela insimbi kufanele sisetshenziswe kumongo ngamunye ovalekile noma umgogodla wekhebula. Ukuvikela insimbi kufanele kube nekhasethi yensimbi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, imiluko yensimbi, izendlalelo ezijulile zezintambo zensimbi, noma inhlanganisela yezintambo zensimbi namateyipu ensimbi.
EYurophu nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-resistance-based double-circuit ezinemisinga ephakeme ye-short-circuit, ukuvikela ngocingo lwethusi kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Abanye abakhiqizi bashumeka izintambo zethusi emgodleni wokuhlukanisa noma emgodleni wangaphandle ukuze banciphise ububanzi bekhebula. E-China, ngaphandle kwamaphrojekthi athile abalulekile asebenzisa amasistimu wesekhethi asekelwe ukumelana kabili, amasistimu amaningi asebenzisa i-arc-suppression-grounded power-based single-circuit power supply, ebeka umkhawulo we-short-circuit current ube ubuncane, ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuvikela itheyiphu yethusi. Amafekthri ekhebula acubungula ukuthengwa kwamateyipu ethusi aqinile ngokuwasika nokuwahlanganisa ukuze kuzuzwe ubude obuthile namandla aqinile (okuqine kakhulu kuzonwaya ungqimba oluvikelayo, oluthambile kakhulu luzoshwabana) ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Amateyipu ethusi athambile kufanele ahambisane ne-GB/T11091-2005 Copper Tape yamaCable.
Ukuvikela itheyiphu yethusi kufanele kube nongqimba olulodwa lwetheyiphu yethusi ethambile noma izendlalelo ezimbili zetheyiphu yethusi esongwe ngokusanhlamvu enezikhala. Izinga lokugqagqana elimaphakathi letheyiphu yethusi kufanele libe ngu-15% wobubanzi bayo (inani elincane), futhi isilinganiso esincane sokugqagqana akufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-5%. Ugqinsi lwe-copper tape kufanele okungenani lube ngu-0.12 mm kumakhebula anomgogodla owodwa futhi okungenani lube ngu-0.10 mm kumakhebuli anezimbobo eziningi. Ubukhulu obuncane be-tape yethusi akufanele bube ngaphansi kuka-90% yenani elilinganiselwe. Ngokuya ngobubanzi bangaphandle bokuvikela ukufakwa (≤25 mm noma> 25 mm), ububanzi be-tape yethusi ngokuvamile bungu-30-35 mm.
Ukuvikela izintambo zethusi kwenziwa ngezintambo zethusi ezidalwe ngensimbi ezithambile, ezivikelwe ngokugoqa izintambo zethusi noma amateyipu ethusi. Ukumelana kwayo kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ze-GB/T3956-2008 Conductors of Cables, futhi indawo yayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-cross-sectional kufanele inqunywe ngokuvumelana nomthamo wamanje wephutha. Isivikelo sezintambo zethusi singasetshenziswa phezu komgodla wangaphakathi wezintambo ezintathu-core noma ngokuqondile phezu kwendawo efakwa ngaphakathi, isendlalelo esingaphandle se-semi-conductive shielding, noma umgodla wangaphakathi ofanelekile wezintambo ezinomgogodla owodwa. Igebe eliphakathi phakathi kwezintambo zethusi eziseduze akufanele lidlule u-4 mm. Igebe elimaphakathi G libalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula:
kuphi:
D - ububanzi benkango yekhebula ngaphansi kwesivikelo socingo lwethusi, ngo-mm;
d - ububanzi bocingo lwethusi, ngo-mm;
n – inombolo yezintambo zethusi.
2. Iqhaza Lokuvikela Izendlalelo Nobudlelwano Bazo Namazinga Amandla Kagesi
(1) Iqhaza le-Inner and Outer Semi-Conductive Shielding
Amakhondaktha ekhebula ngokuvamile ahlanganiswe kusukela ezintanjeni ezinemicu eminingi. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-insulation, izikhala, ama-burrs, nokunye okungahambi kahle kwendawo kungase kube khona phakathi kwendawo ye-conductor kanye nongqimba lokufakelwa, okubangela ukugxiliswa kwenkundla kagesi, okuholela ekukhishweni kwegebe lomoya wendawo kanye nokukhishwa kwezihlahla, nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-dielectric. Ngokukhipha isendlalelo se-semi-conductive material (i-conductor shielding) phezu kwendawo yekhondatha, iqinisekisa ukuthintana okuqinile nokuvala. Ngenxa yokuthi isendlalelo se-semi-conductive kanye nomqhubi kunamandla afanayo, ngisho noma kunezikhala phakathi kwabo, ngeke kube khona isenzo sensimu kagesi, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukukhishwa okuyingxenye.
Ngokufanayo, kukhona izikhala phakathi kwendawo engaphakathi yokufaka i-metallic kanye ne-metallic sheath (noma i-metallic shielding), futhi uma izinga likagesi liphezulu, maningi amathuba okuthi kuphume igebe lomoya. Ngokukhipha isendlalelo se-semi-conductive (i-insulation shielding) endaweni engaphandle ye-insulation, indawo engaphandle ye-equipotential yenziwa nge-metallic sheath, iqeda amasimu kagesi ezikhaleni futhi ivimbele ukukhishwa okuncane.
(2) Iqhaza Lokuvikela Insimbi
Imisebenzi yokuvikela insimbi ihlanganisa: ukuthwala i-capacitive current ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukusebenza njengendlela ye-short-circuit current ngesikhathi samaphutha; ukuvala inkambu kagesi ngaphakathi kwe-insulation (ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle) kanye nokuqinisekisa insimu kagesi ye-radial efanayo; esebenza njengolayini ongathathi hlangothi ezinhlelweni ezinezintambo ezine zezigaba ezintathu ukuze zithwale zamanje ezingalingani; kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kokuvimbela amanzi nge-radial.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-28-2025