Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sentambo nekhebula sihlanganisa umqhubi, ukuvikela, isivikelo, igobolondo nezinye izingxenye.
1. Umqhubi
Umsebenzi: Umqhubi uyingxenye yocingo nekhebula elidlulisela amandla kagesi (magnetic), ulwazi futhi lifeze imisebenzi ethile yokuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi.
Izinto: Kukhona ikakhulukazi abaqhubi abangagqokile, njengethusi, i-aluminium, i-copper alloy, i-aluminium alloy; abaqhubi abagqokile ngensimbi, njengethusi elifakwe ethini, ithusi elifakwe isiliva, ithusi elifakwe i-nickel; abaqhubi abagqokile ngensimbi, njengensimbi egqokile ngethusi, i-aluminium egqokile ngethusi, insimbi egqokile nge-aluminium, njll.
2. Ukuvikela
Umsebenzi: Isendlalelo sokuvikela sizungezwe umqhubi noma ungqimba olwengeziwe lomqhubi (njenge-refractory mica tape), futhi umsebenzi waso ukuhlukanisa umqhubi ekuthwaleni i-voltage ehambisanayo nokuvimbela ukuvuza kwamanje.
Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kokushisa okukhishwe yi-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), i-polyethylene (PE), i-cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), i-polyolefin engenawo umusi ophansi (LSZH/HFFR), i-fluoroplastics, i-thermoplastic elasticity (TPE), i-silicone raber (SR), i-ethylene propylene raber (EPM/EPDM), njll.
3. Ukuvikela
Umsebenzi: Isendlalelo sokuvikela esisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yensimbi neyekhebula empeleni sinemiqondo emibili ehluke ngokuphelele.
Okokuqala, isakhiwo sezintambo nezintambo ezidlulisa amaza kagesi asebenzisa imvamisa ephezulu (njengemvamisa yomsakazo, izintambo zikagesi) noma amaza abuthakathaka (njengezintambo zesignali) sibizwa ngokuthi ukuvikela nge-electromagnetic. Inhloso ukuvimba ukuphazamiseka kwamaza kagesi angaphandle, noma ukuvimbela izimpawu zemvamisa ephezulu kukhebula ukuthi zingaphazamisi umhlaba wangaphandle, nokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka okuhlangene phakathi kwama-wire pairs.
Okwesibili, ukwakheka kwezintambo zamandla kagesi eziphakathi nendawo neziphezulu ukuze kulinganiswe insimu kagesi ebusweni bomqhubi noma ebusweni bokucisha ugesi kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvikela insimu kagesi. Empeleni, ukuvikela insimu kagesi akudingi umsebenzi "wokuvikela", kodwa kudlala indima yokwenza insimu kagesi ibe yi-homogenize. Isivikelo esizungeza intambo ngokuvamile sisekelwe phansi.
* Isakhiwo sokuvikela i-electromagnetic nezinto zokwakha
① Ukuvikela okulukiwe: sebenzisa kakhulu ucingo lwethusi olungenalutho, ucingo lwethusi olufakwe ithini, ucingo lwethusi olufakwe isiliva, ucingo lwe-aluminium-magnesium alloy, i-copper flat tape, i-silver-plated copper flat tape, njll. ukuze lulukwe ngaphandle kwe-insulated core, i-wire pair noma i-cable core;
② Ukuvikela i-copper tape: sebenzisa i-copper tape ethambile ukumboza noma ukugoqa ngokuqondile ngaphandle kwe-cable core;
③ Ukuvikela itheyiphu ehlanganisiwe yensimbi: sebenzisa itheyiphu ye-aluminium i-Mylar noma itheyiphu yethusi i-Mylar ukuze uyisonge noma uyisonge ngokuqondile intambo noma i-cable core;
④ Ukuvikela okuphelele: Ukusetshenziswa okuphelele ngezindlela ezahlukene zokuvikela. Isibonelo, songa (1-4) izintambo zethusi ezincane ziqonde phezulu ngemva kokuzisonga nge-aluminium foil Mylar tape. Izintambo zethusi zingandisa umphumela wokuqhuba kokuvikela;
⑤ Ukuvikela okuhlukile + ukuvikela okuphelele: intambo ngayinye noma iqembu lezintambo livikelwe nge-aluminium foil. I-Mylar tape noma intambo yethusi elukiwe ngokwehlukana, bese kufakwa isakhiwo sokuvikela sonke ngemva kokufakwa kwezintambo;
⑥ Isivikelo sokugoqa: Sebenzisa ucingo lwethusi oluncane, iteyipu yethusi eyisicaba, njll. ukugoqa umgogodla wentambo evalekile, intambo noma umgogodla wentambo.
* Isakhiwo sokuvikela insimu kagesi nezinto zokwakha
Ukuvikela okuhambisa kancane: Ngezintambo zikagesi ezingu-6kV nangaphezulu, ungqimba oluncane lokuvikela oluhambisa kancane lunamathiselwe ebusweni bomqhubi kanye nobuso bokufaka umswakama. Ungqimba lokuvikela umqhubi lungqimba oluhambisa kancane oluphumayo. Ukuvikela umqhubi onesigaba esiphambene esingu-500mm² nangaphezulu ngokuvamile kwakhiwe ngeteyipu yokuhambisa kancane kanye nongqimba oluhambisa kancane oluphumayo. Ungqimba lokuvikela olufaka umswakama luyisakhiwo esiphumayo;
Ukugoqa ucingo lwethusi: Ucingo lwethusi oluyindilinga lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekugoqeni okuqondile, kanti ungqimba lwangaphandle lugoqwa ngokubuyela emuva futhi luboshwe ngetheyiphu yethusi noma ucingo lwethusi. Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo luvame ukusetshenziswa ezintanjeni ezine-current enkulu ye-short-circuit, njengezintambo ezithile ezinkulu ze-35kV. ikhebula lamandla elinomongo owodwa;
Ukugoqa ngeteyipu yethusi: ukugoqa ngeteyipu yethusi ethambile;
④ Igobolondo le-aluminiyamu elinolaka: Lisebenzisa i-extrusion eshisayo noma i-aluminium tape yokusonga, ukushisela, ukunamathisela, njll. Lolu hlobo lokuvikela luphinde lube nokuvimba amanzi okuhle kakhulu, futhi lusetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhebula kagesi ane-voltage ephezulu kanye ne-ultra-high-voltage.
4. Umgodla
Umsebenzi wesigqoko ukuvikela ikhebula, kanti umongo ukuvikela ukufudumala. Ngenxa yendawo yokusetshenziswa eshintsha njalo, izimo zokusetshenziswa kanye nezidingo zomsebenzisi. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo, amafomu okwakheka kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kwesakhiwo sesigqoko nazo ziyahlukahluka, ezingafingqwa ngezigaba ezintathu:
Enye iwukuvikela izimo zezulu zangaphandle, amandla emishini ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye nesendlalelo esivikelayo esidinga ukuvikelwa okuvamile kokuvala (njengokuvimbela ukungena komhwamuko wamanzi namagesi ayingozi); Uma kunamandla amakhulu angaphandle emishini noma ukuthwala isisindo sekhebula, kumele kube nesakhiwo sesendlalelo esivikelayo sesendlalelo sensimbi; esesithathu isakhiwo sesendlalelo esivikelayo esinezidingo ezikhethekile.
Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo se-sheath se-wire kanye nekhebula ngokuvamile sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu: i-sheath (i-sleeve) kanye ne-sheath yangaphandle. Isakhiwo se-sheath yangaphakathi silula kakhulu, kuyilapho i-sheath yangaphandle ihlanganisa ungqimba lwe-armor yensimbi kanye nengqimba yalo yangaphakathi (ukuvimbela ungqimba lwe-armor ukuthi lungalimazi ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwe-sheath), kanye ne-sheath yangaphandle evikela ungqimba lwe-armor, njll. Ngezidingo ezahlukahlukene ezikhethekile ezifana ne-flame retardant, ukumelana nomlilo, i-anti-insect (termite), i-anti-animal (ukulunywa yigundane, i-bird peck), njll., iningi lazo lixazululwa ngokungeza amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene e-sheath yangaphandle; ezimbalwa kumele zengeze izingxenye ezidingekayo esakhiweni se-sheath sangaphandle.
Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:
I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), i-polyethylene (PE), i-polyperfluoroethylene propylene (FEP), i-polyolefin engenalo ilangabi eliyi-halogen ephansi (LSZH/HFFR), i-thermoplastic elastomer (TPE)
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 30-2022