Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemicu: leyo esekela izindlela eziningi zokusabalala noma izindlela ezinqamulayo ibizwa ngokuthi imicu yemodi eminingi (i-MMF), kanti leyo esekela imodi eyodwa ibizwa ngokuthi imicu yemodi eyodwa (i-SMF). Kodwa uyini umehluko phakathi kwayo? Ukufunda lesi sihloko kuzokusiza uthole impendulo.
Ukubuka Konke Kwekhebula Le-Fiber Optic Lemodi Eyodwa Vs Le-Multimode
I-fiber yemodi eyodwa ivumela ukusabalala kwemodi yokukhanya eyodwa kuphela ngesikhathi, kuyilapho i-fiber ye-optical yemodi eminingi ingasabalalisa izindlela eziningi. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo usebubanzi be-fiber core, ubude be-wavelength kanye nomthombo wokukhanya, i-bandwidth, umbala we-sheath, ibanga, izindleko, njll.
I-Single Mode vs Multimode Fiber, Uyini Umehluko?
Isikhathi sokuqhathanisa imodi eyodwa vs. imodi eminingii-fiber ebonakalayofuthi baqonde umehluko wabo.
Ububanzi be-Core
Ikhebula le-Single Mode linosayizi omncane we-core, ngokuvamile ongu-9μm, okuvumela ukuncishiswa okuphansi, ama-bandwidth aphezulu, kanye nebanga elide lokudlulisela.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-Multimode optical fiber inosayizi omkhulu we-core, ngokuvamile ongu-62.5μm noma u-50μm, one-OM1 ku-62.5μm kanye ne-OM2/OM3/OM4/OM5 ku-5μm. Nakuba kunomehluko ngobukhulu, ayibonakali kalula e-naked eve njengoba incane kunobubanzi bezinwele zomuntu. Ukuhlola ikhodi ephrintiwe kukhebula le-fiber optic kungasiza ekuboneni uhlobo.
Ngomgoqo ovikelayo, zombili imicu yemodi eyodwa kanye ne-multimode inobubanzi obungu-125μm.
Ubude begagasi nomthombo wokukhanya
I-Multimode optical fiber, enobukhulu bayo obukhulu, isebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya engabizi kakhulu njengokukhanya kwe-LED kanye nama-VCSEL kuma-wavelength angu-850nm kanye no-1300nm. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ikhebula le-single mode elinomgogodla walo omncane, lisebenzisa ama-laser noma ama-laser diode ukukhiqiza ukukhanya okufakwe kukhebula, ngokuvamile kuma-wavelength angu-1310nm kanye no-1550nm.
Ububanzi bomkhawulo
Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zefayibha ziyahlukahluka ngamakhono e-bandwidth. Ifayibha yemodi eyodwa inikeza i-bandwidth engenamkhawulo ngenxa yokusekela kwayo imodi yomthombo wokukhanya owodwa, okuholela ekunciphiseni nasekusabalaleni okuphansi. Kuyindlela ekhethwayo yokuxhumana ngesivinini esikhulu emabangeni amade.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-fiber ye-multimode ingadlulisela izindlela eziningi zokukhanya, kodwa inokuncipha okuphezulu kanye nokusabalala okukhulu, okunciphisa umkhawulokudonsa wayo.
I-fiber yemodi eyodwa idlula i-fiber ye-optical yemodi eminingi ngokwesilinganiso somthamo we-bandwidth.
Ukuncipha
I-fiber yemodi eyodwa inokuncipha okuphansi, kuyilapho i-fiber yemodi eminingi isengozini enkulu yokuncipha.
Ibanga
Ukuncishiswa okuphansi kwekhebula lemodi eyodwa kanye nokusabalala kwemodi kuvumela amabanga okudlulisela amade kakhulu kunemodi eminingi. Imodi eminingi ishibhile kodwa ikhawulelwe ezixhumanisini ezimfushane (isb., 550m ye-1Gbps), kuyilapho imodi eyodwa isetshenziselwa ukudlulisela okude kakhulu.
Izindleko
Uma kucatshangelwa izindleko eziphelele, izingxenye ezintathu zidlala indima ebalulekile.
Izindleko Zokufaka
Izindleko zokufaka i-fiber yemodi eyodwa zivame ukubonwa njengeziphakeme kunekhebula le-multimode ngenxa yezinzuzo zalo. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso liphambene nalokho. ngenxa yokukhiqiza okusebenzayo, konga u-20-30% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-fiber yemodi eminingi. Kumafayibha e-OM3/OM4/OM5 abiza kakhulu, imodi eyodwa ingonga kufika ku-50% noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izindleko ze-transceiver ye-optical nazo kumele zicatshangelwe.
Izindleko ze-Optical Transceiver
I-transceiver ye-optical iyisici esibalulekile sezindleko ekuxhumeni izintambo zefayibha, ebala ingxenye enkulu, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-70% wezindleko eziphelele. Ama-transceiver e-single mode ngokuvamile abiza ngokuphindwe ka-1.2 kuya ku-6 kunalawo e-multimode. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-single mode isebenzisa ama-laser diode anamandla aphezulu (LD), abiza kakhulu, kuyilapho amadivayisi e-multimode ngokuvamile esebenzisa ama-LED ashibhile noma ama-VCSELS.
Izindleko Zokuthuthukisa Isistimu
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe, izinhlelo zokuxhuma amakhebula zivame ukudinga ukuthuthukiswa nokwandiswa. Ikhebula le-fiber optic lemodi eyodwa linikeza ukusabalala okukhulu, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ikhebula le-Multimode, ngenxa yomkhawulokudonsa walo olinganiselwe kanye nekhono lebanga elifushane, lingase libe nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesikhathi esizayo zokudluliselwa kwesignali yebanga elide kanye nevolumu ephezulu.
Ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwe-fiber optic lwemodi eyodwa kulula kakhulu, okuhilela ukushintsha iswishi nama-transceivers kuphela ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufaka imicu emisha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngekhebula le-multimode, ukuthuthukisa kusuka ku-OM2 kuya ku-OM3 bese kuba yi-OM4 ukuze kudluliselwe ngesivinini esiphezulu kuzodala izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kushintsha imicu ebekwe ngaphansi kwephansi.
Ngamafuphi, i-multimode ishibhile kakhulu uma ushayela ibanga elifushane, kanti i-single mode ilungele ibanga eliphakathi kuya kwelide.
Umbala
Ukubhala ikhodi yombala kwenza kube lula ukuhlonza uhlobo lwekhebula. I-TlA-598C inikeza ikhodi yombala ephakanyisiwe embonini ukuze kube lula ukuyibona.
I-OM1 ne-OM2 eziningi zivame ukuba nejakethi ephuzi.
I-OM3 ivame ukuba namajakethi anombala we-Aqua.
I-OM4 ivame ukuba namajakethi anombala we-Aqua noma we-Violet.
I-OM5 yayinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Imodi eyodwa i-OS1 ne-OS2 ngokuvamile zinamajakethi aphuzi.
Isicelo
Ikhebula lemodi eyodwa lisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-backbone ezikude kanye nezinhlelo ze-metro kumanethiwekhi e-telecom, datacom, kanye ne-CATV.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhebula le-multimode lisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezikude njengezikhungo zedatha, i-cloud computing, izinhlelo zokuphepha, kanye nama-LAN (Amanethiwekhi Endawo Yasendaweni).
Isiphetho
Ekuphetheni, ukuxhuma izintambo zefayibha yemodi eyodwa kulungele ukudluliswa kwedatha efinyelela kude kumanethiwekhi ezinkampani, ama-MAN, nama-PON. Ukuxhuma izintambo zefayibha yemodi eminingi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ebhizinisini, ezikhungweni zedatha, kanye nama-LAN ngenxa yokufinyelela kwayo okufushane. Isihluthulelo ukukhetha uhlobo lwefayibha olufanelana kahle nezidingo zakho zenethiwekhi ngenkathi ucabangela izindleko zefayibha iyonke. Njengomklami wenethiwekhi, ukwenza lesi sinqumo kubalulekile ekusethweni kwenethiwekhi okusebenzayo nokuthembekile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-19-2025