Kwezinhlelo zamandla wanamuhla, izintambo eziphakeme zamandla aphezulu zidlala indima ebalulekile. Kusuka emaphethelweni e-Warground Power emadolobheni kuya emaphethelweni amabanga amade okudluliselwe ezintabeni nasemifuleni, izintambo zemoto ephezulu ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kagesi okusebenzayo, okuzinzile. Lo mbhalo uzohlola ngokujulile ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuhlobene nezintambo eziphakeme zamandla athile, kufaka phakathi isakhiwo sabo, ukuhlukaniswa, inqubo yokukhiqiza, izici zokusebenza, ukufakwa kanye nokunakekelwa.
Isakhiwo se-1.basic sezintambo eziphakeme zamandla
Izintambo eziphakeme zamandla amavoloji zihlanganiswa ikakhulu zabaqhubi, izingqimba zokufakelwa, izingqimba zokuvikela kanye nezingqimba ezivikelayo.
Umqhubi uyisiteshi sokuhambisa samanje futhi kwesinye isikhathi esenziwa ngethusi noma i-aluminium. I-Copper inokuvuka okuhle nokukhohlisa, kanti i-aluminium iphansi kakhulu ngezindleko futhi ilula ngesisindo. Lezi ziqhude ngokuvamile zivame ukuthola izintambo ezisontekile ezisontekile ukukhulisa ukuguquguquka.
Isendlalelo sokufakelwa yingxenye ebalulekile yekhebula eliphakeme le-voltage, elidlala indima ekuvikeleni ukuvuza kwamanje nokuhlukanisa umqhubi ovela emhlabeni wangaphandle. Izinto ezijwayelekile zokufaka insulating zifaka i-polyethylene exhumeke kakhulu (i-XLPE), iphepha lamafutha, njll. I-XLPE inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zikagesi, ukumelana nokushisa namandla okushisa, futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi kwizintambo zesimanje zamandla aphezulu.
Isendlalelo sokuvikela ihlukaniswe yaba ukuvivinyiswa kwangaphakathi kokuvikelwa nangaphandle. Isihlangu sangaphakathi sisetshenziselwa ukwenza umfaniswano wensimu kagesi futhi uvikele ukuphuma kwendawo kusuka ekulimazeleni ungqimba lokufakelwa; Isihlangu sangaphandle singanciphisa ukuphazanyiswa kwenkambu ye-electromagnetic yangaphandle kukhebula, futhi futhi kuvimbela ikhebula ekubeni nomthelela we-electromagnetic emhlabeni wangaphandle.
Ungqimba oluvikelayo ikakhulukazi luvikela ikhebula ngomonakalo ngezinto zangaphandle ezifana nomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini, ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali nokungenela kwamanzi. Imvamisa yakhiwa ngensimbi yensimbi kanye ne-sheath yangaphandle. Izembatho zensimbi zinganikeza amandla emishini, futhi i-sheath yangaphandle inemisebenzi engangeni manzi ne-anti-cormonion.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezintambo eziphakeme zamandla
Ngokusho kwezinga lamandla kagesi, izintambo eziphakeme zamandla aphezulu zingahlukaniswa izintambo ze-medy-voltage (ngokuvamile 3-35kv), izintambo ze-high-volstage), izintambo ze-Ultra-high-voltage) kanye ne-500kv ephezulu). Izintambo zamazinga ahlukene kagesi ahlukile ekwakhiweni okuhlelekile, izidingo zokufakelwa, njll.
Ngokombono wezinto zokwakha ezifakwayo, ngaphezu kwamakhebula we-XLPE kanye namakhebula wamaphepha kawoyela ashiwo ngenhla, kukhona nezintambo zenjoloba ze-ethylene-propylene. Izintambo zamaphepha kawoyela zinomlando omude, kepha ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphezulu zokulungisa kanye nezinye izizathu, kancane kancane zithathelwe indawo yizintambo ze-XLPE. Intambo yenjoloba ye-ethylene proplene inokuguquguquka okuhle nokumelana nesimo sezulu, futhi ilungele izikhathi ezithile ezikhethekile.
3. Inqubo yokukhiqiza yekhebula eliphakeme le-voltage
Ukukhiqizwa kwekhebula eliphakeme le-voltage kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebuthakathaka.
Ukukhiqizwa kwabaqhubi kuqala kudinga izinto zokwakha zethusi noma ze-aluminium zizokwelulwa, zisontekile nezinye izinqubo ukuqinisekisa ukunemba okunobukhulu kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zomqhubi. Ngesikhathi senqubo esontekile, imichilo yemicu kumele ihlelwe eduze nokwenza ngcono umqhubi wesifundo.
Ukukhishwa kwesendlalelo sokufakelwa kungenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile. Ngesendlalelo se-XLPE insulation, impahla ye-XLPE ikhishwe ekushiseni okuphezulu futhi ihlotshiswe ngokulinganayo kumqhubi. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhishwa, amapharamitha anjengezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nesivinini sokukhishwa kwengcindezi kumele alawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze aqinisekise ikhwalithi nobukhulu obulinganayo bongqimba lokufakelwa.
Isendlalelo sokuvikela kwesinye isikhathi senziwa ngokuluka insimbi yensimbi noma ukugoqwa kwensimbi. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza zezihlangu zangaphakathi nezingaphandle zihlukile kancane, kepha zombili zidinga ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho besendlalelo sokuvikela kanye nokuxhumeka kukagesi okuhle.
Ekugcineni, ukukhiqizwa kwengqimba evikelayo kufaka phakathi ukubekwa kwezembatho zensimbi nokukhishwa kwe-sheath yangaphandle. Izembatho zensimbi kufanele zifanelwe ngokuqinile kukhebula, futhi ukukhishwa komgodi wangaphandle kufanele kuqinisekise ukubukeka okubushelelezi ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinjenge-bubble.
4. Izici zokusebenza kwezintambo eziphakeme zamandla aphezulu
Ngokuya ngokusebenza kukagesi, izintambo eziphakeme zamandla aphezulu zidinga ukuba nokumelana okuphezulu kokufakelwa, ukulahleka okuphansi okuphansi kanye nokuphikiswa okuhle kwe-voltage. Ukumelana okuphezulu kokufakelwa kungavimba ngempumelelo ukuvuza kwamanje, ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kwe-dielectric kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kagesi ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa, futhi ukumelana kwamandla kagesi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula lisebenza ngokuphepha endaweni ephakeme.
Ngokuya ngempahla yemishini, ikhebula kufanele libe namandla anele okuqina, ukugoqa imisebe kanye nokumelana nomthelela. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokusebenza, ikhebula lingahle libe ngaphansi kokwelula, ukugoba kanye nomthelela wamandla angaphandle. Uma izakhiwo zemishini zinganele, kulula ukudala umonakalo wekhebula.
Ukusebenza okushisayo nakho kuyinto ebalulekile. Intambo izokhiqiza ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ikakhulukazi lapho isebenza ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, ikhebula lidinga ukuba nokumelana nokushisa okuhle futhi likwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elingenazinkinga ezinjengokugula kokufakelwa. Ikhebula le-XLPE linokumelana nokushisa okuhle okuhle futhi lingasebenza isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
I-5. Ukufakwa kanye nokugcinwa kwezintambo eziphakeme zamandla
Ngokuya kokufakwa, into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukuhlela indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi indlela yokubeka ikhebula iyabonakala futhi iphephile. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubeka, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukugwema ukwelula ngokweqile, ukugoba nokukhishwa kwekhebula. Ukubeka amakhebula amabanga amade, imishini efana nokuhambisa ikhebula kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukusiza ukwakhiwa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamalunga amakhebula kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile kwinqubo yokufaka. Izinga lokuhlangene lithinta ngqo ukuthembeka kwentambo. Lapho wenza amalunga, ikhebula lidinga ukumiswa, lihlanzwe, lixhunywe futhi lifakwe. Isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ukwenziwa ngokuqinile ngokuya ngezidingo zenqubo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zikagesi nezemishini zokuhlangana zihlangabezana nezidingo.
Umsebenzi wesondlo ubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwezintambo eziphakeme zamandla aphezulu. Ukuhlola okujwayelekile kungasheshisa ngokushesha ukuthi ukubukeka kwentambo kulimele noma umhlanga ulimele. Ngasikhathi sinye, eminye imishini yokuhlola nayo ingasetshenziswa ukuvivinya ukusebenza kokufakwa kanye nokukhishwa okuyingxenye yekhebula. Uma kutholakala izinkinga, kufanele zilungiswe noma zifakwe esikhundleni ngesikhathi.
6. Ukwehluleka nokutholwa kwezintambo eziphakeme zamandla
Ukwehluleka okujwayelekile kwezintambo eziphakeme zamandla aphezulu kufaka phakathi ukuwohloka kwezitha, ukunqanyulwa komqhubi kanye nokuhluleka okuhlangene. Ukwehlukaniswa kokufakwa kungadalwa ukuguga kokufakelwa, ukukhipha okuyingxenye, noma ukwedlula kwangaphandle. Ukudilizwa komshayeli kuvame ukubangelwa amandla angaphandle okusebenza noma okugcwele isikhathi eside. Ukwehluleka okuhlangene kungabangelwa inqubo yokukhiqiza ehlanganyelwe noma ukufudumeza okunzima ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukuze ubone la maphutha, kunezindlela eziningi zokutholwa. Ukutholwa kokukhishwa okuyingxenye kuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngokuthola isiginali ekhiqizwe ngokuphuma okuyingxenye kukhebula, kunganqunywa ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuncipha kokufakelwa ngaphakathi kwekhebula. Ukumelana nokuhlola kwe-voltage kungathola amandla okumelana ne-voltage apple voltage yekhebula futhi uthole izinkinga ezingaba khona zokufakelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokucabanga abangemuva kwe-infrared bungabona ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa ebusweni bekhebula, ukuze uthole ukuthi ikhebula linezinkinga ezinjengokushisa ngokweqile kwasendaweni.
7.Isimo sentuthuko kanye nentuthuko yezinsimbi eziphakeme zamandla aphezulu ezinhlelweni zamandla
Ku-Power Systems, amakhekhe aphezulu asetshenziswa kabanzi eguqukweni lweGridi yegridi yamadolobha, imigqa ephumayo yeziteshi zamandla amakhulu, ukudluliswa kwentambo yangaphansi kwemikhumbi neminye imikhakha. Emigqeni yamandla e-Urban Power, ngenxa yesikhala esilinganiselwe, ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezingaphansi komhlaba kungagcina isikhala futhi kuthuthukise ubuhle bedolobha. Imigqa ephumayo yeziteshi ezinkulu zamandla adinga ukusetshenziswa kwamakhekhe aphezulu amavolumu ukudlulisa ugesi kubangeni elikude. Ukudluliswa kwekhebula ongaphansi kwangaphansi kungabona ukudluliswa kwamandla asolwandle futhi kunikeze ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile kweziqhingi kanye nezindawo ezisogwini.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bamandla, izintambo eziphakeme zamandla aphezulu zikhombise nezindlela ezithile zentuthuko. Enye ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezinamazinga aphezulu e-voltage amazinga. Ngokwanda kwesidingo sokudluliselwa kwamandla amabanga amade, ukuthuthukiswa kwezintambo zegesi eziphakeme ze-Ultra-high kuzoba ukugxila. Okwesibili ubuhlakani bezintambo. Ngokuhlanganisa izinzwa neminye imishini kukhebula, ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwesimo sokusebenza sentambo kanye nesixwayiso se-fault kungatholakala, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukwethenjwa okusebenzayo kwekhebula. Okwesithathu ukuthuthukiswa kwezintambo ezinobungane ngemvelo. Njengoba izidingo zabantu zokuvikelwa kwemvelo zanda, ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokungcoliswa okuphansi, izinto zekhebula eziphindaphindeka zizoba ukuqondiswa kwentuthuko esizayo.
Isikhathi sePosi: Sep-24-2024