Ezinhlelweni zanamuhla zamandla, izintambo ezinamandla kagesi zidlala indima ebalulekile. Kusukela kumagridi kagesi angaphansi komhlaba emadolobheni kuya kolayini bamabanga amade banqamula izintaba nemifula, izintambo ezinamandla kagesi ziqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi okuphumelelayo, okuzinzile nokuphephile. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ngokujulile ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuhlobene nezintambo ezinamandla kagesi, okuhlanganisa isakhiwo sazo, ukuhlukaniswa, inqubo yokukhiqiza, izici zokusebenza, ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwazo.
I-1.Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sezintambo eziphezulu zamandla kagesi
Amakhebuli anamandla kagesi aphezulu akhiwa ikakhulukazi ama-conductor, izendlalelo zokufakelwa, izendlalelo ezivikelayo nezingqimba zokuzivikela.
I-conductor yisiteshi sokudlulisa samanje futhi ngokuvamile senziwe ngethusi noma nge-aluminium. I-Copper ine-conductivity enhle kanye ne-ductility, kuyilapho i-aluminium inezindleko eziphansi futhi ilula ngesisindo. Lawa makhondakta ngokuvamile asesimweni sezintambo ezisontekile ezinemicu eminingi ukuze kwandiswe ukuguquguquka.
Isendlalelo se-insulation siyingxenye ebalulekile yekhebuli yamandla kagesi aphezulu, edlala indima ekuvimbeleni ukuvuza kwamanje nokuhlukanisa ikhondakta ezweni langaphandle. Izinto ezivamile zokufaka i-insulating zihlanganisa i-polyethylene (i-XLPE) ehlanganisiwe (i-XLPE), iphepha likawoyela, njll. I-XLPE inezici ezinhle kakhulu zikagesi, ukumelana nokushisa namandla emishini, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintanjeni zanamuhla zamandla aphezulu.
Isendlalelo esiyisivikelo sihlukaniswe sibe isivikelo sangaphakathi kanye nesivikelo sangaphandle. Isihlangu sangaphakathi sisetshenziselwa ukwenza iyunifomu yensimu kagesi futhi ivimbele ukukhishwa kwendawo ekulimazeni isendlalelo se-insulation; isihlangu sangaphandle singanciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwenkambu kazibuthe yangaphandle kukhebula, futhi sivimbele ikhebula ekubeni nomthelela kazibuthe emhlabeni ongaphandle.
Isendlalelo esivikelayo sivikela ikakhulukazi ikhebula emonakalweni yizici zangaphandle ezifana nokulimala komshini, ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali kanye nokungena kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile yakhiwa izikhali zensimbi kanye nomgodla wangaphandle. Izikhali zensimbi zinganikeza amandla emishini, futhi i-sheath yangaphandle inemisebenzi yokungangeni kwamanzi kanye ne-anti-corrosion.
2. Ukuhlelwa kwezintambo ezinamandla kagesi
Ngokwezinga likagesi, izintambo zamandla kagesi aphezulu zingahlukaniswa zibe izintambo zamandla kagesi aphakathi (ngokuvamile angu-3-35kV), amakhebuli anamandla kagesi aphezulu (35-110kV), izintambo ezinamandla kakhulu (110-500kV) kanye nephezulu kakhulu. -amakhebuli kagesi (ngaphezu kuka-500kV). Amakhebuli wamazinga kagesi ahlukene ayahluka ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, izidingo zokufakelwa, njll.
Ngokombono wezinto zokuvikela, ngaphezu kwezintambo ze-XLPE nezintambo zephepha zamafutha okukhulunywe ngenhla, kukhona nezintambo zenjoloba ze-ethylene-propylene. Izintambo zephepha likawoyela zinomlando omude, kodwa ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphezulu zokulungisa nezinye izizathu, kancane kancane ziye zathathelwa indawo izintambo ze-XLPE. Intambo yerabha ye-ethylene propylene inokuguquguquka okuhle kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu, futhi ilungele izikhathi ezithile ezikhethekile.
3. Inqubo yokukhiqiza yekhebula lamandla kagesi aphezulu
Ukwenziwa kwekhebula lamandla kagesi aphezulu kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebucayi.
Ukwenziwa kwamakhondakta kuqala kudinga izinto zokusetshenziswa zethusi noma ze-aluminium ukuze zelulwe, zisontwe kanye nezinye izinqubo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kobukhulu kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zikakhondatha. Phakathi nenqubo yokusonta, izintambo zezintambo kufanele zihlelwe eduze ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqhutshwa komqhubi.
I-extrusion ye-insulation layer ingenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile. Okwesendlalelo sokufakwa kwe-XLPE, impahla ye-XLPE ikhishwa ekushiseni okuphezulu futhi isongwe ngokulinganayo ku-conductor. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhishwa, imingcele efana nezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nesivinini sokukhipha kumele ilawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokujiya okufanayo kwesendlalelo sokufakelwa.
Isendlalelo esivikelayo ngokuvamile senziwe ngocingo lwensimbi olulukwayo noma ukugoqa ngetheyiphu yensimbi. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza zezihlangu zangaphakathi nezingaphandle zihluke kancane, kodwa zombili zidinga ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bongqimba oluvikelayo kanye nokuxhumana okuhle kukagesi.
Ekugcineni, ukukhiqizwa kwesendlalelo sokuzivikela kuhlanganisa ukubekwa kwezikhali zensimbi kanye nokukhishwa kwe-sheath yangaphandle. Izikhali zensimbi kufanele zilingane ngokuqinile kukhebula, futhi i-extrusion ye-sheath yangaphandle kufanele iqinisekise ukubukeka okubushelelezi ngaphandle kwamaphutha njengama-bubbles nokuqhekeka.
4. Izici zokusebenza zezintambo ezinamandla kagesi
Mayelana nokusebenza kukagesi, izintambo ezinamandla kagesi zidinga ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kwe-dielectric kanye nokuphikiswa okuhle kwe-voltage. Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukuvuza kwamanje, ukulahlekelwa okuncane kwe-dielectric kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kagesi ngesikhathi sokudlulisa, futhi ukumelana okuhle kwe-voltage kuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula lingasebenza ngokuphepha endaweni ene-voltage ephezulu.
Mayelana nezakhiwo zemishini, ikhebula kufanele libe namandla okuqina anele, i-radius egobayo kanye nokumelana nomthelela. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokusebenza, ikhebula lingase libe ngaphansi kokwelula, ukugoba kanye nomthelela wamandla angaphandle. Uma izakhiwo zemishini zinganele, kulula ukubangela ukulimala kwekhebula.
Ukusebenza okushisayo nakho kuyisici esibalulekile. Ikhebuli izokhiqiza ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ikakhulukazi uma isebenza ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, ikhebula lidinga ukumelana nokushisa okuhle futhi likwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile phakathi kwebanga elithile lokushisa ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezifana nokuguga kwe-insulation. Ikhebula le-XLPE linokumelana nokushisa okuhle futhi lingasebenza isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.
5. Ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwezintambo ezinamandla kagesi
Mayelana nokufakwa, into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukuhlela indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi indlela yokubeka ikhebula inengqondo futhi iphephile. Phakathi nenqubo yokubeka, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kugwenywe ukwelula ngokweqile, ukugoba nokukhishwa kwekhebula. Ekubekweni kwekhebula elikude, okokusebenza okufana nezixhumi zekhebula kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukusiza ukwakhiwa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamajoyinti ekhebula kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile enqubweni yokufaka. Ikhwalithi yokuhlanganisa ithinta ngokuqondile ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwekhebula. Lapho wenza amalunga, ikhebula lidinga ukukhunyulwa, lihlanzwe, lixhunywe futhi lifakwe insulation. Isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ukwenziwa ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nezidingo zenqubo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izakhiwo zikagesi nezemishini zokuhlanganyela zihlangabezana nezidingo.
Umsebenzi wokulungisa ubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwezintambo ezinamandla kagesi. Ukuhlola okuvamile kungathola ngokushesha ukuthi ukubukeka kwekhebula konakele noma umgodla wonakele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izinto zokuhlola zingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukusebenza kokufakwa kwe-insulation kanye nokukhipha ingxenye yekhebula. Uma izinkinga zitholakala, kufanele zilungiswe noma zishintshwe ngesikhathi.
6. Ukwehluleka nokutholwa kwezintambo ezinamandla kagesi
Ukwehluleka okuvamile kwamakhebuli anamandla kagesi aphezulu kufaka phakathi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-insulation, ukunqanyulwa kwekhondatha, nokwehluleka kwamalunga. Ukuwohloka kwe-insulation kungase kubangelwe ukuguga kwe-insulation, ukukhipha ingxenye, noma ukugcwala ngokweqile kwangaphandle. Ukunqanyulwa kwekhondatha kuvame ukubangelwa amandla angaphandle emishini noma ukugcwala ngokweqile kwesikhathi eside. Ukwehluleka kwamalungu kungase kubangelwe inqubo yokukhiqiza ehlangene engalungile noma ukushisa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukuze kutholwe lawa maphutha, ziningi izindlela zokubona. Ukutholwa kokukhishwa okuyingxenye kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa. Ngokuthola isignali ekhiqizwe ukukhishwa kwengxenye kukhebula, kunganqunywa ukuthi ingabe kukhona yini ukonakala kokufakwa ngaphakathi kwekhebula. Ukuhlolwa kwe-voltage ye-standard kungathola umthamo we-voltage wekhebula futhi kuthole izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuxhuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-infrared thermal imaging bungakwazi ukubona ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa ebusweni bekhebula, ukuze kutholwe ukuthi ikhebula linezinkinga ezifana nokushisa kwendawo.
7.Ukusetshenziswa nokuthuthukiswa kwenkambo yezintambo ezinamandla kagesi ezinhlelweni zamandla
Ezinhlelweni zamandla, izintambo ezinama-voltage aphezulu zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuguquleni igridi yamandla emadolobheni, imigqa ephumayo yeziteshi ezinkulu zamandla, ukudluliswa kwezintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle kanye nezinye izinkambu. Emagridi kagesi emadolobheni, ngenxa yendawo elinganiselwe, ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezingaphansi komhlaba kungasindisa isikhala futhi kuthuthukise ubuhle bedolobha. Izintambo eziphumayo zeziteshi ezinkulu zikagesi zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezinamandla kagesi ukuze kudluliselwe ugesi eziteshini ezincane ezikude. Ukudluliswa kwekhebula elihamba ngaphansi kolwandle kungathola ukuhanjiswa kwamandla olwandle oluwela futhi kunikeze ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla okuzinzile eziqhingini nasezindaweni ezisogwini.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bamandla, amakhebuli anamandla kagesi aphezulu nawo abonise izitayela zokuthuthuka. Olunye ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezinamazinga aphezulu kagesi. Ngokukhula kwesidingo sokudluliswa kwamandla amabanga amade, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhebuli kagesi aphezulu kakhulu kuzoba yinto okugxilwe kuyo. Okwesibili ubuhlakani bezintambo. Ngokuhlanganisa izinzwa nezinye izinto zokusebenza kukhebuli, ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwesimo sokusebenza kwekhebula kanye nesixwayiso sephutha kungafinyelelwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwekhebula. Okwesithathu ukwakhiwa kwamakhebuli angayingeni imvelo. Njengoba izidingo zabantu zokuvikelwa kwemvelo zanda, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kokungcoliswa okuncane, izinto zekhebula ezigaywa kabusha kuzoba inkomba yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-24-2024