Emikhiqizweni yocingo neyekhebula, izakhiwo ezivikelayo zihlukaniswe imiqondo emibili ehlukene: ukuvikela i-electromagnetic kanye nokuvikela insimu kagesi. Ukuvikela i-electromagnetic kusetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuvimbela izintambo zesignali ezinemvamisa ephezulu (njengezintambo ze-RF nezintambo zikagesi) ukuthi zingabangeli ukuphazamiseka kwendawo yangaphandle noma ukuvimba amagagasi kagesi angaphandle ukuthi aphazamise izintambo ezidlulisa amaza abuthaka (njengezintambo zesignali nezilinganiso), kanye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwezintambo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvikela kwenkundla kagesi, kuklanyelwe ukulinganisa izinkambu zikagesi ezinamandla endaweni yekhondatha noma indawo efakwa ngaphakathi yezintambo zamandla aphakathi nendawo naphezulu.
1. Isakhiwo kanye Nezimfuneko Zezendlalelo Zesivikelo Senkundla Kagesi
Ukuvikela izintambo zikagesi kuhlukaniswe i-conductor shielding, i-insulation shielding, kanye ne-metal shieding. Ngokwamazinga afanelekile, izintambo ezine-voltage elinganiselwe enkulu kuno-0.6/1 kV kufanele zibe nongqimba oluvikela insimbi, olungase lusetshenziswe kuma-cores afakwe i-insulated noma ingqikithi yekhebula iyonke. Ezintamboni ezine-voltage elinganiselwe okungenani engu-3.6/6 kV zisebenzisa i-XLPE (i-polyethylene exhunywe esiphambanweni), noma izintambo ezine-voltage elinganiselwe okungenani engu-3.6/6 kV esebenzisa ukufakwa kwe-EPR (i-ethylene propylene rubber) ezacile (noma ukufakwa okuwugqinsi okunogesi olinganiselwe okungenani ongu-6/10 kV), i-semieconduct edingekayo isakhiwo sangaphakathi kanye ne-outlet.
(1) I-Conductor Shielding kanye ne-Insulation Shielding
I-Conductor Shielding (I-Inner Semi-Conductive Shielding): Lokhu kufanele kungabi okwensimbi, okuhlanganisa okokusebenza kwe-semi-conductive okukhishiwe noma inhlanganisela ye-semi-conductive tape esongwe ku-conductor elandelwa yi-semi-conductive impahla ekhishiwe.
I-Insulation Shielding (I-Outer Semi-Conductive Shielding): Lokhu kukhishwa ngokuqondile endaweni engaphandle ye-insulation core ngayinye futhi iboshelwe ngokuqinile noma iyaxebuka kusuka kungqimba lokufakwa ngaphakathi.
Izendlalelo ezinwetshiwe zangaphakathi nangaphandle ze-semi-conductive kufanele ziboshwe ngokuqinile ku-insulation, ngoxhumano olubushelelezi olungenazo izimpawu zokubhinca zekhondatha eziphawulekayo, imiphetho ebukhali, izinhlayiya, ezishisayo, noma imihuzuko. I-resistivity ngaphambi nangemuva kokuguga kufanele ingabi ngaphezu kuka-1000 Ω·m kungqimba eyisivikelo somqhubi futhi ingabi ngaphezu kuka-500 Ω·m yesendlalelo sokuvikela.
Izinto ezivikelayo ezingaphakathi nangaphandle ze-semi-conductive zenziwa ngokuxuba izinto zokuvikela ezihambisanayo (njenge-polyethylene (XLPE) exhumene ne-ethylene propylene (EPR)) enezithako ezifana ne-carbon black, ama-anti-aging agents, ne-ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Izinhlayiya zekhabhoni ezimnyama kufanele zisatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ku-polymer, kungabikho ukuhlangana noma ukuhlakazeka okubi.
Ugqinsi lwezendlalelo zokuvikela i-semi-conductive zangaphakathi nangaphandle zikhuphuka ngesilinganiso se-voltage. Njengoba amandla enkundla kagesi kungqimba lokufakwa ngaphakathi aphakeme ngaphakathi futhi aphansi ngaphandle, ukujiya kwezingqimba zokuvikela i-semi-conductive kufanele futhi kushube ngaphakathi futhi kube mncane kakhulu ngaphandle. Kuzintambo ezilinganiselwe ku-6~10~35 kV, ukujiya kwesendlalelo sangaphakathi kuvame ukusuka ku-0.5~0.6~0.8 mm.
(2) Isivikelo Sensimbi
Amakhebuli ane-voltage elinganiselwe enkulu kuno-0.6/1 kV kufanele abe nongqimba oluvikela insimbi. Isendlalelo sokuvikela insimbi kufanele simboze ingaphandle lenkambo ngayinye evalekile noma ingqikithi yekhebula. Ukuvikela insimbi kungaqukatha amateyipu ensimbi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, imiluko yensimbi, izendlalelo eziqondile zezintambo zensimbi, noma inhlanganisela yezintambo zensimbi namateyipu.
E-Europe nasemazweni athuthukile, lapho kusetshenziswa khona amasistimu we-double-circuit asekelwe ukumelana futhi ama-short-circuit currents ephakeme, ukuvikela ngocingo lwethusi kuvame ukusetshenziswa. E-China, amasistimu wokuphakelwa kwamandla we-arc-grounded single-circuit avame kakhulu, ngakho ukuvikela itheyiphu yethusi kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Abakhiqizi bezintambo bacubungula ukuthenga amateyipu ethusi aqinile ngokuwasika nokuwafaka ukuze athambise ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Amateyipu ethusi athambile kufanele ahambisane nezinga le-GB/T11091-2005 “Amatheyiphu Ethusi Wezintambo”.
Ukuvikela itheyiphu yethusi kufanele kube nongqimba olulodwa lwetheyiphu yethusi ethambile noma izendlalelo ezimbili zetheyiphu ethambile yethusi evale igebe. Izinga lokugqagqana elimaphakathi kufanele libe ngu-15% wobubanzi bamateyipu, libe nenani elincane lokugqagqana elingekho ngaphansi kuka-5%. Ubukhulu bethayiphu yethusi kufanele bungabi ngaphansi kuka-0.12 mm ezintanjeni eziwumgogodla owodwa futhi bungabi ngaphansi kuka-0.10 mm kumakhebula anomgogodla amaningi. Ubukhulu obuncane akumele bube ngaphansi kuka-90% yenani elivamile.
Ukuvikela izintambo zethusi kuhlanganisa izintambo zethusi ezilimale ngokuxega ezithambile, nendawo engaphezulu evikelwe izintambo zethusi ezigoqelwe emuva noma amateyipu. Ukumelana kwayo kufanele kuhambisane nezinga le-GB/T3956-2008 “Ama-Conductor of Cables”, futhi indawo yayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-cross-sectional kufanele inqunywe ngokusekelwe kumthamo wamanje wephutha.
2. Imisebenzi Yezingqimba Zokuvikela Nobudlelwane Bazo Nezilinganiso Zamandla Kagesi
(1) Imisebenzi Yesivikelo Sangaphakathi Nangaphandle Semi-Conductive
Amakhondatha ekhebula ngokuvamile akhiwa izintambo eziningi ezinemicu nezihlanganisiwe. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-insulation, izikhala zendawo, ama-burrs, noma ukungahambi kahle kwendawo phakathi kwendawo ye-conductor kanye nongqimba olufakwayo kungabangela ukugxiliswa kwensimu kagesi, okuholela ekukhishweni okuyingxenye nokukhishwa kwezihlahla, okwehlisa ukusebenza kukagesi. Ngokukhipha isendlalelo se-semi-conductive material (i-conductor shielding) phakathi kwendawo ye-conductor kanye nesendlalelo sokugquma, ingabambana ngokuqinile ne-insulation. Njengoba isendlalelo se-semi-conductive sinamandla afanayo ne-conductor, noma yiziphi izikhala phakathi kwazo ngeke zibe nemiphumela yenkambu kagesi, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukukhipha ingxenye.
Ngokufanayo, igebe phakathi kwendawo engaphandle yokufaka i-insulation kanye nomgodla wensimbi (noma ukuvikela insimbi) nakho kungaholela ekukhishweni okuyingxenye, ikakhulukazi ezilinganisweni eziphezulu zamandla kagesi. Ngokukhipha isendlalelo se-semi-conductive material (i-insulation shielding) endaweni engaphandle ye-insulation, yakha i-equipotential surface ne-sheath yensimbi, isusa imiphumela yensimu kagesi ngaphakathi kwezikhala futhi ivimbele ukukhipha ingxenye.
(2) Imisebenzi Yokuvikela Insimbi
Imisebenzi yokuvikela insimbi ihlanganisa: ukwenza ama-capacitive currents ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukusebenza njengendlela ye-short-circuit (iphutha) imisinga, ukuvala inkambu kagesi ngaphakathi kwe-insulation (ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic endaweni yangaphandle), kanye nokuqinisekisa amasimu kagesi afanayo (amasimu kagesi we-radial). Ezingxenyeni ezintathu zezintambo ezinezintambo ezine, iphinde isebenze njengomugqa ongathathi hlangothi, ophethe imisinga engalingani, futhi inikeza ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi nge-radial.
3. Mayelana nekhebula le-OW
Njengomhlinzeki oholayo wezinto zokusetshenziswa zocingo nekhebula, i-OW Cable inikeza i-polyethylene (XLPE) yekhwalithi ephezulu exhunywe ephambanweni), amateyipu ethusi, izintambo zethusi, nezinye izinto zokuvikela ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni izintambo zikagesi, izintambo zokuxhumana, nezintambo ezikhethekile. Imikhiqizo yethu ithobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi sizibophezele ekuletheni izixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa zokuvikela ikhebula kumakhasimende ethu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-24-2025