Emikhiqizweni yezintambo nekhebula, izakhiwo zokuvikela zihlukaniswe ngemiqondo emibili ehlukene: ukuvikela ngogesi kanye nokuvikela insimu kagesi. Ukuvikela ngogesi kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuvimbela izintambo zesignali ezivame kakhulu (njengezintambo ze-RF kanye nezintambo zikagesi) ukuthi zingabangeli ukuphazamiseka endaweni yangaphandle noma ukuvimba amaza kagesi angaphandle ukuthi angaphazamisi izintambo ezidlulisa imisinga ebuthakathaka (njengezintambo zesignali kanye nezokukala), kanye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwezintambo. Ukuvikela ngogesi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuklanyelwe ukulinganisela amasimu kagesi aqinile ebusweni bomqhubi noma ebusweni bokufudumeza izintambo zikagesi eziphakathi nendawo neziphezulu.
1. Isakhiwo kanye Nezidingo Zezingqimba Zokuvikela Insimu Kagesi
Ukuvikela izintambo zikagesi kuhlukaniswe ngokuvikela izintambo, ukuvikela ukuvikela, kanye nokuvikela insimbi. Ngokwezindinganiso ezifanele, izintambo ezine-voltage elinganisiwe engaphezu kuka-0.6/1 kV kufanele zibe nesendlalelo sokuvikela insimbi, esingasetshenziswa kuma-cores ahlanganisiwe noma i-core iyonke yekhebula. Kuzintambo ezine-voltage elinganisiwe okungenani engu-3.6/6 kV kusetshenziswa i-XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) insulation, noma izintambo ezine-voltage elinganisiwe okungenani engu-3.6/6 kV kusetshenziswa i-thin EPR (ethylene propylene rubber) insulation (noma i-insulation ejiyile ene-voltage elinganisiwe okungenani engu-6/10 kV), isakhiwo sokuvikela esingaphakathi nesangaphandle esinomoya ophansi naso siyadingeka.
(1) Ukuvikela Umqhubi kanye Nokuvikela Ukushisa
Ukuvikela Umqhubi (Ukuvikela Kwangaphakathi Okungacubunguli): Lokhu akufanele kube okwensimbi, okuhlanganisa izinto ezikhipha umqhubi noma inhlanganisela yetheyiphu ekhipha umqhubi ehlanganiswe nomqhubi kulandelwe izinto ezikhipha umqhubi.
Ukuvikela Ukushisa (Ukuvikela Okungacubunguli Kwangaphandle): Lokhu kudonswa ngqo ebusweni bangaphandle bomgogodla ngamunye ovikelwe futhi kuboshwe ngokuqinile noma kususwe kusuka kungqimba lokuvikela.
Izendlalelo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle eziphumayo kufanele ziboshwe ngokuqinile ku-insulation, zibe ne-interface ebushelelezi engenazo izimpawu ezibonakalayo zokunamathela komqhubi, imiphetho ebukhali, izinhlayiya, ukushisa, noma imihuzuko. Ukumelana ngaphambi nangemva kokuguga akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-1000 Ω·m kwesendlalelo sokuvikela umqhubi futhi kungabi ngaphezu kuka-500 Ω·m kwesendlalelo sokuvikela ukufakelwa.
Izinto zokuvikela ezingaphakathi nezingaphandle ezisebenzisa ugesi zenziwa ngokuxuba izinto zokuvikela ezihambisanayo (njenge-cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) kanye nerabha ye-ethylene propylene (EPR)) nezithasiselo ezifana ne-carbon black, ama-anti-aging agents, kanye ne-ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Izinhlayiya ezimnyama ze-carbon kufanele zisatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ku-polymer, ngaphandle kokuhlangana noma ukuhlakazeka okubi.
Ubukhulu bezingqimba zokuvikela ezingaphakathi nangaphandle eziqhuba kancane buyanda ngokwesilinganiso se-voltage. Njengoba amandla kagesi engqimbeni yokuvikela ephezulu ngaphakathi nangaphansi ngaphandle, ubukhulu bezingqimba zokuvikela eziqhuba kancane kufanele bube bukhulu ngaphakathi futhi bube buncane ngaphandle. Kumakhebula alinganiswe ku-6~10~35 kV, ubukhulu bezingqimba zangaphakathi buvame ukusuka ku-0.5~0.6~0.8 mm.
(2) Ukuvikela Insimbi
Amakhebula ane-voltage elinganisiwe engaphezu kuka-0.6/1 kV kufanele abe nesendlalelo sokuvikela insimbi. Isendlalelo sokuvikela insimbi kufanele simboze ingaphandle le-core ngayinye evalekile noma i-core yekhebula. Ukuvikela insimbi kungaba ne-tape eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yensimbi, ama-braids ensimbi, izendlalelo eziqinile zezintambo zensimbi, noma inhlanganisela yezintambo zensimbi nama-tape.
EYurophu nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile, lapho kusetshenziswa khona izinhlelo zesekethe ezimbili ezisekelwe ukumelana kanye nemisinga yesekethe emfushane iphakeme, ukuvikela ucingo lwethusi kuvame ukusetshenziswa. EShayina, izinhlelo zokuphakelwa kwamandla zesekethe eyodwa ezisekelwe i-arc zivame kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuvikela itheyiphu yethusi kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Abakhiqizi bekhebula bacubungula amatheyiphu ethusi aqinile athengiwe ngokuwasika nokuwafaka ukuze athambe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa. Amatheyiphu ethusi athambile kumele ahambisane nendinganiso ye-GB/T11091-2005 ethi “Amatheyiphu Ethusi Ezintambo”.
Ukuvikela i-copper tape kufanele kube ungqimba olulodwa lwe-copper tape ethambile ehlanganisiwe noma izingqimba ezimbili ze-copper tape ethambile ehlanganisiwe. Izinga lokugqagqana elimaphakathi kufanele libe ngu-15% wobubanzi be-tepi, kanye nezinga lokugqagqana elincane okungenani elingaphansi kuka-5%. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile be-copper tape kufanele bungabi ngaphansi kuka-0.12 mm wezintambo ezine-single-core kanye no-0.10 mm wezintambo ezine-multi-core. Ubukhulu obuncane kufanele bungabi ngaphansi kuka-90% wenani elimaphakathi.
Ukuvikela ucingo lwethusi kuqukethe izintambo zethusi ezithambile eziboshwe kancane, kanye nomphezulu oboshwe ngezintambo zethusi ezigoqwe emuva noma amatheyiphu. Ukumelana kwayo kufanele kuhambisane nendinganiso ye-GB/T3956-2008 “Abaqondisi Bezintambo”, futhi indawo yayo ejwayelekile kufanele inqunywe ngokusekelwe kumthamo wamanje wephutha.
2. Imisebenzi Yezingqimba Zokuvikela Nobudlelwano Bazo Nezilinganiso Ze-Voltage
(1) Imisebenzi Yokuvikela Okungacubunguli Ngaphakathi Nangaphandle
Ama-cable conductor ngokuvamile akhiwa izintambo eziningi ezivalekile nezihlanganisiwe. Ngesikhathi sokukhipha i-insulation, izikhala zendawo, ama-burrs, noma ukungalingani kwendawo phakathi kobuso bomqhubi kanye nesendlalelo sokufaka i-insulation kungabangela ukugcwala kwensimu kagesi, okuholela ekukhishweni kwengxenye kanye nokukhishwa kwezihlahla, okonakalisa ukusebenza kukagesi. Ngokukhipha ungqimba lwezinto ezihambisa i-semi-conductive (ukuvikela i-conductor) phakathi kobuso bomqhubi kanye nesendlalelo sokufaka i-insulation, ingabophana ngokuqinile ne-insulation. Njengoba ungqimba oluhambisa i-semi-conductive lunamandla afanayo ne-conductor, noma yiziphi izikhala phakathi kwazo ngeke zithole imiphumela yensimu kagesi, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukukhishwa kwengxenye.
Ngokufanayo, izikhala phakathi kobuso bokufudumeza bangaphandle kanye ne-sheath yensimbi (noma ukuvikela insimbi) nazo zingaholela ekukhishweni kwengxenye, ikakhulukazi ezilinganisweni eziphezulu ze-voltage. Ngokukhipha ungqimba lwezinto ezihambisa umoya kancane (ukuvikela ukuvikela) ebusweni bokufudumeza bangaphandle, kwakha ubuso obuhambisana ne-sheath yensimbi, kususa imiphumela yensimu kagesi ngaphakathi kwezikhala futhi kuvimbele ukukhishwa kwengxenye.
(2) Imisebenzi Yokuvikela Insimbi
Imisebenzi yokuvikela insimbi ihlanganisa: ukuqhuba imisinga enamandla ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukusebenza njengendlela yemisinga ye-short-circuit (fault), ukuvala insimu kagesi ngaphakathi kwe-insulation (ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic endaweni yangaphandle), nokuqinisekisa izinkundla zikagesi ezifanayo (izinkundla zikagesi ze-radial). Ezinhlelweni zezintambo ezine zesigaba ezintathu, isebenza futhi njengomugqa ongathathi hlangothi, othwala imisinga engalingani, futhi uhlinzeka ngokuvimbela amanzi nge-radial.
3. Mayelana ne-OW Cable
Njengomhlinzeki ohamba phambili wezinto zokusetshenziswa zocingo nekhebula, i-OW Cable inikeza i-polyethylene exhumene ne-cross-linked (XLPE) esezingeni eliphezulu, amateyipu ethusi, izintambo zethusi, nezinye izinto zokuvikela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izintambo zikagesi, izintambo zokuxhumana, kanye nezintambo ezikhethekile. Imikhiqizo yethu ihambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, futhi sizibophezele ekuletheni izixazululo zokuvikela ikhebula ezithembekile kumakhasimende ethu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-24-2025