Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komhlaba wonke kwezinhlelo zokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic (PV), izintambo ze-photovoltaic (izintambo ze-PV)—njengezingxenye ezibalulekile ezixhumanisa amamojula e-PV, ama-inverter, namabhokisi okuhlanganisa—zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphepheni nasekusebenzeni kwesitshalo samandla elanga. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zamandla ezivamile, izintambo ze-photovoltaic zinemiklamo yesakhiwo ekhethekile kakhulu kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto zekhebula.
1. Iyini Ikhebula le-Photovoltaic?
Ikhebula le-photovoltaic, elaziwa nangokuthi ikhebula lelanga noma ikhebula eliqondene ne-PV, lisetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni zamandla elanga, ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic ezisatshalalisiwe, kanye nokufakwa kwe-PV ophahleni. Amamodeli avamile afaka i-PV1-F kanye ne-H1Z2Z2-K, ahambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke njenge-EN 50618 kanye ne-IEC 62930.
Njengoba izintambo ze-PV zihlala zivezwa ezindaweni zangaphandle, kumele zisebenze ngokuthembekile ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu, imisebe enamandla ye-ultraviolet, amazinga okushisa aphansi, umswakama, kanye nokuchayeka ku-ozone. Ngenxa yalokho, izidingo zazo zezinto zokuvikela kanye nezinto zokubopha ziphakeme kakhulu kunezezintambo ezivamile. Izici ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguga kwe-UV, ukumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, ukuvimbela ilangabi, ubungane bemvelo, kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo okuklanyelwe iminyaka engama-25 noma ngaphezulu.
2. Izinselele Ezintweni Zekhebula Ezisetshenziswayo Ze-Photovoltaic
Ezinhlelweni zangempela, izintambo ze-photovoltaic zivame ukufakwa ngqo ngaphandle. Isibonelo, ezifundeni zaseYurophu, izinga lokushisa elizungezile lezinhlelo ze-PV lingafinyelela ku-100°C ngaphansi kwezimo zelanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izintambo zibhekana nemisebe ye-UV yesikhathi eside, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa emini nasebusuku, kanye nokucindezeleka komshini.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izintambo ze-PVC ezijwayelekile noma izintambo zerabha ezivamile azikwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside. Ngisho nezintambo zerabha ezilinganiselwe ukusebenza okungu-90°C noma izintambo ze-PVC ezilinganiselwe okungu-70°C zivame ukuguga kokushisa, ukuqhekeka kwesigqoko, kanye nokonakala kokusebenza okusheshayo uma zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic zangaphandle, okunciphisa kakhulu impilo yesevisi yesistimu.
3. Ukusebenza Okuyinhloko Kwezintambo Ze-Photovoltaic: Izinto Zokufaka Ukushisa Ezikhethekile Nezokugoba
Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusebenza kwezintambo ze-photovoltaic zitholakala ngokuyinhloko kuma-insulation compounds azo e-PV-specific kanye nama-sheathing compounds. Uhlelo lwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla yi-radiation crosslinked polyolefin, evame ukusekelwe ku-polyethylene (PE) esezingeni eliphezulu noma amanye ama-polyolefin.
Ngokusebenzisa imisebe ye-electron-beam, amaketanga e-molecule ezinto adlula ekuxhumeni, aguqula isakhiwo kusuka ku-thermoplastic kuya ku-thermoset. Le nqubo ithuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokuguga, kanye nokusebenza komshini. Izinto ze-polyolefin ezixhunywe ngemisebe zivumela izintambo ze-photovoltaic ukuthi zisebenze ngokuqhubekayo ku-90–120°C, kuyilapho futhi zinikeza ukuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukumelana ne-UV, ukumelana ne-ozone, kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinto azina-halogen futhi ziyavumelana nemvelo.
4. Ukuqhathaniswa Kwesakhiwo Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo: Amakhebula E-Photovoltaic vs. Amakhebula Avamile
4.1 Isakhiwo Esijwayelekile kanye Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo Zezintambo Ze-Photovoltaic
Umqhubi: Umqhubi wethusi ohlanganisiwe noma umqhubi wethusi ofakwe ethini, ohlanganisa ugesi ophezulu nokumelana nokugqwala
Isendlalelo Sokufudumeza: Inhlanganisela yokufudumeza ye-polyolefin exhunywe ngemisebe (izinto zokufudumeza eziqondene nekhebula le-PV)
Isendlalelo Sesigqoko: I-radiation crosslinked polyolefin sheathing compound, enikeza ukuvikelwa kwangaphandle kwesikhathi eside
4.2 Isakhiwo Esijwayelekile kanye Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo Zezintambo Ezivamile
Umqhubi: Umqhubi wethusi noma umqhubi wethusi ofakwe ethini
Isendlalelo Sokuvimbela: I-PVC insulation compound nomaI-XLPE (i-polyethylene exhumene)inhlanganisela yokushisa
Isendlalelo Sesigxobo:I-PVCinhlanganisela yokubopha
5. Umehluko Wokusebenza Okuyisisekelo Obangelwa Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile
Ngokombono womqhubi, izintambo ze-photovoltaic kanye nezintambo ezivamile ziyafana. Umehluko oyisisekelo usekukhethweni kwezinto zokuvikela kanye nezinto zokubopha.
Ukufakwa kwe-PVC kanye namakhemikhali okufakwa kwe-PVC asetshenziswa ezintanjeni ezivamile afaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni zangaphakathi noma ezithambile, anikeza ukumelana okulinganiselwe nokushisa, ukuchayeka kwi-UV, kanye nokuguga. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukufakelwa kwe-polyolefin okuxhunywe ngemisebe kanye namakhemikhali okufakwa kwe-sheathing asetshenziswa ezintanjeni ze-photovoltaic aklanyelwe ngqo ukusebenza ngaphandle isikhathi eside futhi angagcina ukusebenza okuzinzile kukagesi kanye nokwemishini ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, nakuba ukufaka izintambo ezivamile esikhundleni sezintambo ze-photovoltaic kunganciphisa izindleko zokuqala, kwandisa kakhulu izingozi zokulungisa futhi kufinyeze impilo yesevisi iyonke yesistimu ye-photovoltaic.
6. Isiphetho: Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Kunquma Ukuthembeka Kwesikhathi Eside Kwezinhlelo ze-PV
Izintambo ze-photovoltaic azizona izinto ezilula zokufaka esikhundleni sezintambo ezivamile, kodwa imikhiqizo yezintambo ezikhethekile ezenzelwe ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwe-photovoltaic. Ukuthembeka kwazo kwesikhathi eside kuncike kakhulu ekukhetheni izinto zokuvikela izintambo ze-PV ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nezinto zokubopha, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwezinhlelo zezinto ze-polyolefin ezixhunywe ngemisebe.
Kubaklami bezinhlelo ze-PV, abafaki, kanye nabaphakeli bezinto zekhebula, ukuqonda kahle umehluko wezinga lezinto phakathi kwezintambo ze-photovoltaic nezintambo ezivamile kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile, okuzinzile, kanye nesikhathi eside kwezitshalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 31-2025