Ifayibha ye-Aramid, emfishane ye-polyamide fiber enamakha, ibalwe phakathi kwemicu emine esebenza kahle kakhulu ebekwe phambili ukuze ithuthukiswe eShayina, kanye ne-carbon fibre, i-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), kanye ne-basalt fiber. Njengenayiloni evamile, i-aramid fiber ingeyomndeni wemicu ye-polyamide, enamabhondi e-amide ochungechungeni oluyinhloko lwamangqamuzana. Umehluko oyinhloko usekuhlanganiseni: amabhondi enayiloni amide axhunywe kumaqembu e-aliphatic, kanti ama-aramid ahlanganiswe namasongo e-benzene. Lesi sakhiwo samangqamuzana esikhethekile sinikeza i-aramid fiber amandla axial aphezulu kakhulu (>20cN/dtex) kanye ne-modulus (>500GPa), okuyenza ibe into ethandwayo yokuqinisa izintambo eziphezulu.
Izinhlobo ze-Aramid Fiber
I-Aramid fiberikakhulukazi ihlanganisa imicu ye-polyamide enephunga elimnandi kanye nemicu ye-heterocyclic enamakha e-polyamide, engaphinde ihlukaniswe yaba yi-ortho-aramid, i-para-aramid (PPTA), kanye ne-meta-aramid (PMTA). Phakathi kwalokhu, i-meta-aramid ne-para-aramid yizona ezithuthukiswe yizimboni. Ngokombono wesakhiwo samangqamuzana, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu kokubili usendaweni ye-athomu yekhabhoni eringini ye-benzene lapho ibhondi ye-amide ixhunywe khona. Lo mehluko wesakhiwo uholela ekwehlukeni okubalulekile kwezakhiwo zemishini kanye nokuzinza kokushisa.
I-Para-Aramid
I-Para-aramid, noma i-poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), eyaziwa nangokuthi e-China njenge-Aramid 1414, iyi-polymer ephezulu ewumugqa enamabhondi ayo e-amide angaphezu kuka-85 axhunywe ngokuqondile namasongo anephunga elimnandi. Imikhiqizo ephumelela kakhulu kwezentengiso ye-para-aramid yi-DuPont's Kevlar® kanye ne-Teijin's Twaron®, ephethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke. Kwakuyifayibha yokuqala eyake yakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa isisombululo sokuphotha se-polymer ewuketshezi, singenisa inkathi entsha yemicu yokwenziwa esebenza kahle kakhulu. Mayelana nezakhiwo zemishini, amandla ayo aqinile angafinyelela ku-3.0-3.6 GPa, i-elastic modulus 70-170 GPa, kanye nobude ngesikhathi sekhefu 2-4%. Lezi zici ezihlukile ziyinikeza izinzuzo ezingenakubuyiseleka ekuqiniseni ikhebula le-optical, ukuvikelwa kwe-ballistic, nezinye izinkambu.
I-Meta-Aramid
I-Meta-aramid, noma i-poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), eyaziwa nangokuthi e-China njenge-Aramid 1313, iyi-organic fiber ehamba phambili ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Isakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana siqukethe amaqembu e-amide axhumanisa izindandatho ze-meta-phenylene, akha iketango elimazombezombe eliqiniswa amabhondi e-hydrogen aqinile e-intermolecular kunethiwekhi ye-3D. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza i-fiber nge-flame retadancy enhle kakhulu, ukuqina kokushisa, nokumelana nemisebe. Umkhiqizo ojwayelekile yi-DuPont's Nomex®, ene-Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) engu-28–32, izinga lokushisa lengilazi elishintshayo elingaba ngu-275°C, kanye nezinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo lesevisi elingaphezu kuka-200°C, okulenza lisetshenziswe kabanzi ezintanjeni ezingashi kanye nezinto zokuvikela ukushisa okuphezulu.
Izakhiwo Ezivelele ze-Aramid Fiber
I-Aramid fiber inikeza amandla aphakeme kakhulu, i-modulus ephezulu, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, isisindo esiphansi, ukwahlukanisa, ukumelana nokuguga, umjikelezo wempilo ende, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, awekho amaconsi ancibilikisiwe ngesikhathi somlilo, kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi engeyona enobuthi. Ngokombono wohlelo lwekhebula, i-para-aramid idlula i-meta-aramid ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa, ngezinga lokushisa lesevisi eliqhubekayo elingu -196 kuya ku-204°C futhi akukho ukubola noma ukuncibilika ku-500°C. Izakhiwo eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-Para-aramid zifaka amandla aphakeme kakhulu, i-modulus ephezulu, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kanye nokuminyana okuphansi. Amandla ayo adlula ama-25 g/dtex—aphindwe ka-5 kuya kwezingu-6 kunawensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu, izikhathi ezi-3 kune-fiberglass, futhi aphindwe kabili kunalawo entambo yemboni enayiloni enamandla kakhulu. I-modulus yayo iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kunensimbi noma i-fiberglass futhi izikhathi ezingu-10 kunenayiloni yamandla aphezulu. Iqine ngokuphindwe kabili njengocingo lwensimbi futhi inesisindo esingaba ngu-1/5 kuphela, okuyenza ifaneleke ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa njengesiqiniseko sezintambo ezibonakalayo, izintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle, nezinye izinhlobo zekhebula eliphezulu.
Izakhiwo Zemishini Ye-Aramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid iyi-polymer eguquguqukayo enamandla aphukayo aphezulu kune-polyester evamile, ukotini, noma inayiloni. Inezinga eliphezulu lobude, ukuzwa kwesandla esithambile, ukuphonswa okuhle, futhi ingakhiqizwa ibe imicu emifushane noma imicu ye-denier ehlukahlukene. Ingaphothwa ibe yizindwangu kanye nama-nonwovens kusetshenziswa imishini yendwangu ejwayelekile futhi isetshenzwe ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zezingubo zokuvikela zezimboni ezahlukahlukene. Ku-insulation kagesi, izakhiwo ze-meta-aramid ezivimbela ilangabi kanye nokumelana nokushisa ziyagqama. Nge-LOI engaphezu kuka-28, ngeke iqhubeke ivutha ngemva kokushiya ilangabi. Ukumelana kwayo nelangabi kuyingxenye yesakhiwo sayo samakhemikhali, okuyenza ibambezeleke unomphela ilangabi—imelane nokulahlekelwa ukusebenza ngenxa yokuwashwa noma ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. I-Meta-aramid inokusimama okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal, ngokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo ku-205°C nokugcinwa okuqinile kwamandla ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-205°C. Izinga lokushisa layo lokubola liphezulu, futhi ayincibiliki noma iconsi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, iqala nje ukuba ne-carbonize engaphezu kuka-370°C. Lezi zakhiwo ziyenza ilungele ukugqumisa nokuqinisa izintambo ezishisa kakhulu noma ezingashi.
Ukuzinza Kwekhemikhali ye-Aramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid inokumelana okuhle kakhulu namakhemikhali amaningi kanye nama-asidi angaphili agxilile, nakuba izwela ku-concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids. Futhi inokumelana okuhle kwe-alkali ekushiseni kwegumbi.
I-Radiation Resistance ye-Aramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid ibonisa ukumelana nemisebe okukhethekile. Isibonelo, ngaphansi kokuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-1.2×10⁻² W/cm² ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kanye nemisebe ye-rad gamma engu-1.72×10⁸, amandla ayo ahlala engashintshile. Lokhu ukumelana okuvelele emisebeni kuyenza ifaneleke ngokukhethekile izintambo ezisetshenziswa eziteshini zamandla enuzi kanye nemikhumbi-mkhathi.
Ukuqina kwe-Aramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid iphinde ikhombise ukuhuzuka okuhle kakhulu nokumelana namakhemikhali. Ngemuva kokugeza okuyi-100, indwangu eyenziwe nge-meta-aramid ekhiqizwe ekhaya igcina ngaphezu kwama-85% wamandla ayo okudabuka. Kuzicelo zekhebula, lokhu kuqina kuqinisekisa ukuqina kokusebenza kwemishini nogesi.
Izicelo ze-Aramid Fiber
I-Aramid fiber isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ze-aerospace, zezimoto, ze-electromechanical, ezokwakha, nezezemidlalo zaseChina ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali. Kuthathwa njengento ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo kwezimboni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, i-aramid idlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo emikhakheni yezintambo ezibonayo zokuxhumana, izintambo zikagesi, izintambo ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, izintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle, nezintambo ezikhethekile.
I-Aerospace kanye nezinkundla zezempi
I-Aramid fiber ifaka ukuminyana okuphansi, amandla aphezulu, nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo sezimoto ze-aerospace, njengama-rocket motor casings kanye nezakhiwo ze-broadband radome. Izinto zayo eziyinhlanganisela zibonisa ukumelana nomthelela omuhle kakhulu nokubonakala kwegagasi kagesi, kunciphisa kakhulu isisindo sendiza futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha. Emkhakheni wezokuvikela, i-aramid isetshenziswa kumavesti angangenwa izinhlamvu, izigqoko zokuzivikela, neziqukathi ezingaqhumeki, okuyenza ibe into ehamba phambili yesizukulwane esilandelayo sokuvikela amasosha angasindi.
Izinkundla Zokwakha Nezokuthutha
Embonini yezokwakha, i-aramid fiber isetshenziselwa ukuqinisa isakhiwo kanye nezinhlelo zamakhebula ebhuloho ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo, ukuguquguquka, nokumelana nokugqwala. Isebenza ngempumelelo ikakhulukazi ekuqiniseni izakhiwo ezingajwayelekile. Kwezokuthutha, i-aramid isetshenziswa ezindwangu zezintambo zamasondo ezimotweni nasezindizeni. Amathayi aqiniswe yi-Aramid anikeza amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokubhoboza, ukumelana nokushisa, nempilo ende yesevisi, ahlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza zezimoto zesimanje ezinesivinini esiphezulu nezindiza.
Imboni kagesi, kagesi, neyekhebula
I-Aramid fibre inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezigqama kakhulu emikhakheni kagesi, ye-elekthronikhi, nezintambo kanye nezintambo, ikakhulukazi kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
Amalungu Aqinile Ezintamboni Zokubona: Ngamandla aphezulu aqinile kanye ne-modulus, i-aramid fiber isebenza njengelungu eliqinile ezintanjeni ze-optical zokuxhumana, ivikela ama-optical fibers angaguquki ngaphansi kwe-tension kanye nokuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwesignali okuzinzile.
Ukuqinisa Kumakhebula: Kuzintambo ezikhethekile, izintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle, izintambo zikagesi, namakhebuli amelana nokushisa okuphezulu, i-aramid ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengento yokuqinisa emaphakathi noma isendlalelo sezikhali. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqiniswa kwensimbi, i-aramid inikeza amandla aphakeme ngesisindo esiphansi, ithuthukisa kakhulu amandla ekhebula eliqinile kanye nokuzinza kwemishini.
I-Insulation kanye ne-Flame Retardancy: Izinhlanganisela ze-Aramid zinokuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwe-dielectric kanye ne-thermal. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezendlalelo zokuvala amakhebula, amajakhethi abamba amalangabi, kanye ne-halogen-free-free-smoke sheathing. Iphepha le-Aramid, ngemva kokufakwa nge-varnish evikelayo, lihlanganiswa ne-mica yemvelo ukuze lisetshenziswe kuma-motor nama-transformer angashisi kakhulu.
Amakhebuli Okumelana Nomlilo kanye Nezokuthutha Zesitimela: I-Aramid fibre engokwemvelo ukumelana nelangabi nokubekezelela ukushisa kuyenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezintamboni zebhodi lomkhumbi, izintambo zokuhamba zikaloliwe, kanye nezintambo ezingashi emlilweni, lapho izindinganiso zokuphepha ziqinile.
I-EMC kanye ne-Lightweighting: Ukukhanya kwe-electromagnetic okuhle kakhulu kwe-Aramid kanye ne-dielectric engaguquki kuyenza ifanele izendlalelo zokuvikela ze-EMI, ama-radar radome, nezingxenye zokuhlanganisa i-optoelectronic, kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic nokunciphisa isisindo sohlelo.
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwendandatho enephunga elimnandi, i-aramid fiber inikeza ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali okuvelele kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, okuyenza ifanelekele izintambo zasolwandle, izintambo zokumba uwoyela, kanye nezintambo zokukhanya ezidlulisa phezulu ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi emishinini yezemidlalo ephambili, amagiya okuvikela, namabhuleki ezimoto, futhi iya ngokuya yamukelwa njengendlela evumelana nemvelo esikhundleni se-asbestos ekuvaleni nasekufakeni izicelo, amaphaneli okufaka ukushisa okushisayo, nezinye izinto zokuvala, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza nokuphepha kwemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-31-2025