I-Aramid fiber, efushaniswa ne-aromatic polyamide fiber, ibhalwe phakathi kwezintambo ezine ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezibekwe phambili ekuthuthukisweni eShayina, kanye ne-carbon fiber, i-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), kanye ne-basalt fiber. Njenge-nylon evamile, i-aramid fiber ingeyemindeni yezintambo ze-polyamide, enezibopho ze-amide ku-main molecular chain. Umehluko oyinhloko usekuhlanganisweni: izibopho ze-amide ze-nylon zixhunywe kumaqembu e-aliphatic, kanti i-aramid's ihlanganiswe ne-benzene rings. Lesi sakhiwo esikhethekile se-molecule sinikeza i-aramid fiber amandla aphezulu kakhulu e-axial (>20cN/dtex) kanye ne-modulus (>500GPa), okwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo yokuqinisa izintambo eziphezulu.
Izinhlobo ze-Aramid Fiber
I-Aramid fiberikakhulukazi ihlanganisa imicu ye-polyamide enuka kamnandi ngokuphelele kanye nemicu ye-polyamide enuka kamnandi ye-heterocyclic, engahlukaniswa kabanzi ibe yi-ortho-aramid, i-para-aramid (PPTA), kanye ne-meta-aramid (PMTA). Phakathi kwalezi, i-meta-aramid kanye ne-para-aramid yizo eziye zathuthukiswa. Ngokombono wesakhiwo sama-molecule, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi ezimbili usesikhundleni se-athomu yekhabhoni endandatho ye-benzene lapho kunamathiselwe khona isibopho se-amide. Lo mehluko wesakhiwo uholela ekuhlukeni okuphawulekayo ezimpahleni zemishini kanye nokuzinza kokushisa.
I-Para-Aramid
I-Para-aramid, noma i-poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Aramid 1414 eShayina, iyi-polymer ephezulu eqondile enezibopho zayo ze-amide ezingaphezu kuka-85% ezixhunywe ngqo nezindandatho ze-aromatic. Imikhiqizo ye-para-aramid ephumelele kakhulu kwezentengiselwano yi-DuPont's Kevlar® kanye ne-Twaron® kaTeijin, ezilawula imakethe yomhlaba wonke. Kwakuyi-fiber yokuqala eyake yakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa isixazululo se-polymer spinning esicwebezelayo, esingenisa inkathi entsha yezintambo zokwenziwa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngokuphathelene nezakhiwo zemishini, amandla ayo okudonsa angafinyelela ku-3.0–3.6 GPa, i-modulus elastic 70–170 GPa, kanye nokunwebeka lapho iphuka ngo-2–4%. Lezi zici ezivelele zinikeza izinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa ekuqiniseni ikhebula le-optical, ukuvikelwa kwe-ballistic, kanye neminye imikhakha.
I-Meta-Aramid
I-Meta-aramid, noma i-poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Aramid 1313 eShayina, iyi-fiber ephilayo ehamba phambili evikela ukushisa okuphezulu. Isakhiwo sayo sama-molecule siqukethe amaqembu e-amide axhumanisa izindandatho ze-meta-phenylene, akha uchungechunge oluqondile oluzigzag oluqiniswe yizibopho ze-hydrogen eziqinile phakathi kwama-molecule kunethiwekhi ye-3D. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza i-fiber ukubambezeleka okuhle kakhulu komlilo, ukuzinza kokushisa, kanye nokumelana nemisebe. Umkhiqizo ojwayelekile yi-DuPont's Nomex®, ene-Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) engu-28–32, izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi elingaba ngu-275°C, kanye nezinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo elingaphezu kuka-200°C, okwenza isetshenziswe kabanzi ezintanjeni ezingashisi umlilo kanye nezinto zokushisa ezishisa kakhulu.
Izakhiwo Ezivelele Ze-Aramid Fiber
I-Aramid fiber inikeza amandla aphezulu kakhulu, i-modulus ephezulu, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, isisindo esincane, ukuvikela, ukumelana nokuguga, umjikelezo wokuphila isikhathi eside, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, ukungabi namaconsi ancibilikisiwe ngesikhathi sokusha, kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi okungenabo ubuthi. Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kwekhebula, i-para-aramid idlula i-meta-aramid ekumelaneni nokushisa, ngebanga lokushisa eliqhubekayo elisukela ku--196 kuya ku-204°C futhi akukho ukubola noma ukuncibilika ku-500°C. Izakhiwo eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-Para-aramid zifaka phakathi amandla aphezulu kakhulu, i-modulus ephezulu, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kanye nobuningi obuphansi. Amandla ayo adlula u-25 g/dtex—izikhathi ezi-5 kuya kwezi-6 zensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu, izikhathi ezi-3 ze-fiberglass, kanye neziphindwe kabili zentambo yezimboni ye-nylon enamandla aphezulu. I-modulus yayo iphindwe kabili kunensimbi noma i-fiberglass kanye neziphindwe kayishumi kune-nylon enamandla aphezulu. Iqinile kabili kunentambo yensimbi futhi inesisindo esingaba yi-1/5 kuphela, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa njengokuqinisa izintambo ze-optical, izintambo zasemanzini, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezintambo zekhwalithi ephezulu.
Izakhiwo Zemishini Ze-Aramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid iyi-polymer eguquguqukayo enamandla okuphuka aphezulu kune-polyester evamile, ukotini, noma i-nylon. Inezinga eliphezulu lokunwebeka, umuzwa wesandla othambile, ukusonta okuhle, futhi ingakhiqizwa ibe imicu emifushane noma imicu ye-denier ehlukahlukene. Ingaphothwa ibe yizindwangu kanye ne-nonwoven kusetshenziswa imishini yendwangu ejwayelekile futhi icutshungulwe ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zezingubo zokuvikela zezimboni ezahlukene. Ekushiseni kukagesi, izakhiwo ze-meta-aramid ezivimbela umlilo kanye nezingamelani nokushisa ziyavela. Nge-LOI engaphezu kuka-28, ngeke iqhubeke nokusha ngemva kokushiya ilangabi. Ukumelana kwayo nomlilo kuyingxenye yesakhiwo sayo samakhemikhali, okwenza ivimbele umlilo unomphela—imelana nokulahlekelwa ukusebenza ngenxa yokuwasha noma ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. I-Meta-aramid inokuzinza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa, ngokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo ku-205°C kanye nokugcinwa okuqinile kwamandla ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-205°C. Izinga lokushisa layo lokubola liphezulu, futhi ayincibiliki noma ivuza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, iqala kuphela ukuba yi-carbon ngaphezu kuka-370°C. Lezi zakhiwo ziyenza ibe yindawo ekahle yokuvikela nokuqinisa izintambo ezishisa kakhulu noma ezingashisi.
Ukuzinza Kwamakhemikhali Kwe-Aramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid inokumelana okuhle kakhulu namakhemikhali amaningi kanye nama-asidi angaphili aqinile, yize izwa kakhulu kuma-asidi aqinile e-sulfuric kanye ne-nitric. Iphinde ibe nokumelana okuhle kwe-alkali lapho izinga lokushisa legumbi lishisa.
Ukumelana Nemisebe Ye-Aramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid ikhombisa ukumelana nemisebe okungavamile. Isibonelo, uma ibhekene nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okungu-1.2×10⁻² W/cm² isikhathi eside kanye nemisebe ye-gamma engu-1.72×10⁸ rad, amandla ayo awashintshi. Lokhu kumelana nemisebe okuvelele kuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezintanjeni ezisetshenziswa eziteshini zamandla enuzi kanye nasemkhathini.
Ukuqina Kwe-Aramid Fiber
I-Meta-aramid iphinde ibonise ukuguguleka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali. Ngemva kokuwashwa izikhathi eziyi-100, indwangu eyenziwe nge-meta-aramid ekhiqizwe ekhaya igcina amandla ayo okuqala okudabuka angaphezu kuka-85%. Ekusetshenzisweni kwekhebula, lokhu kuqina kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokusebenza kwemishini kanye nogesi isikhathi eside.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Aramid Fiber
I-Aramid fiber isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yaseShayina yezindiza, yezimoto, ye-electromechanical, yokwakha, neyezemidlalo ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali. Ibhekwa njengento ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo kwezimboni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, i-aramid idlala indima engenakuphikwa emikhakheni yezintambo zokuxhumana ezibonakalayo, izintambo zikagesi, izintambo ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu, izintambo zasemanzini, kanye nezintambo ezikhethekile.
Izinkundla Zezindiza Nezempi
I-Aramid fiber inobukhulu obuphansi, amandla aphezulu, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo sezimoto zezindiza, njengezimbozo ze-rocket motor kanye nezakhiwo ze-radome ze-broadband. Izinto zayo ezihlanganisiwe zibonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu komthelela kanye nokucaca kwamagagasi kagesi, kunciphisa kakhulu isisindo sezindiza futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha. Emkhakheni wezokuvikela, i-aramid isetshenziswa kumavesti angangenwa yizinhlamvu, izigqoko zokuzivikela, kanye nezitsha ezingamelani nokuqhuma, okwenza kube yinto ehamba phambili esizukulwaneni esilandelayo sokuvikelwa kwezempi okulula.
Izinkambu Zokwakha Nezokuthutha
Embonini yokwakha, i-aramid fiber isetshenziselwa ukuqinisa isakhiwo kanye nezinhlelo zekhebula zamabhuloho ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuqiniseni izakhiwo ezingajwayelekile. Ekuthuthweni, i-aramid isetshenziswa ezindwangu zezintambo zamasondo zezimoto nezindiza. Amathayi aqiniswe yi-aramid anikeza amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokubhoboza, ukumelana nokushisa, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo, ehlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza kwezimoto zesimanje ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu kanye nezindiza.
Imboni Kagesi, Yezinto Eziphathekayo, kanye Nezintambo
I-Aramid fiber inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivelele kakhulu emikhakheni yokukhiqiza kagesi, kagesi, kanye nezintambo kanye nekhebula, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
Amalungu Okudonseka Kumakhebula Okukhanya: Njengoba enamandla amakhulu okudonseka kanye ne-modulus, i-aramid fiber isebenza njengelungu lokudonseka kumakhebula okukhanya okuxhumana, ivikela ama-optical fibers abucayi ekuguqukeni ngaphansi kokucindezeleka futhi iqinisekise ukudluliswa kwesignali okuzinzile.
Ukuqinisa Amakhebula: Ezintanjeni ezikhethekile, ezintanjeni zamanzi, ezintanjeni zamandla, nasezintanjeni ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu, i-aramid ivame ukusetshenziswa njengento yokuqinisa ephakathi noma ungqimba lwezivikelo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqinisa kwensimbi, i-aramid inikeza amandla aphezulu ngesisindo esiphansi, ithuthukisa kakhulu amandla okudonsa ikhebula kanye nokuzinza kwemishini.
Ukuvikela Ukushisa Nokuvinjelwa Komlilo: Izinhlanganisela ze-Aramid zinokuqina okuhle kakhulu kwe-dielectric kanye nokushisa. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezingqimbeni zokuvikela ikhebula, amajakethi avimbela umlilo, kanye ne-halogen-free flame sheathing. Iphepha le-Aramid, ngemva kokugcotshwa nge-varnish evimbela ukushisa, lihlanganiswa ne-mica yemvelo ukuze lisetshenziswe kuma-motor nama-transformer amelana nokushisa okuphezulu.
Amakhebula Okumelana Nomlilo kanye Nezokuthutha Ngesitimela: Ukumelana nomlilo kanye nokubekezelela ukushisa kwefayibha ye-Aramid kwenza kube kuhle ukusetshenziswa ezintanjeni zemikhumbi, ezintanjeni zesitimela, kanye nasezintanjeni ezingamelani nomlilo zezinga lenuzi, lapho amazinga okuphepha eqinile khona.
I-EMC kanye ne-Lightweighting: Ukukhanya okuhle kakhulu kwe-Aramid kwe-electromagnetic kanye ne-dielectric constant ephansi kwenza ifanelekele izendlalelo zokuvikela ze-EMI, ama-radome e-radar, kanye nezingxenye zokuhlanganisa ze-optoelectronic, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic nokunciphisa isisindo sesistimu.
Ezinye Izinhlelo Zokusebenza
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwendandatho enuka kamnandi, i-aramid fiber inikeza ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali okuvelele kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, okwenza ifaneleke ezintanjeni zasolwandle, ezintanjeni zokubhoboza uwoyela, kanye nasezintanjeni zokudlulisa ezibonakalayo ezingaphezulu ezindaweni ezinzima. Iphinde isetshenziswe kabanzi emishinini yezemidlalo yekhwalithi ephezulu, ezimpahleni zokuvikela, kanye nasezintanjeni zamabhuleki ezimoto, futhi iya ngokuya isetshenziswa njengendlela engcono kakhulu kune-asbestos ekufakweni nasekufakweni kokufakwa ...
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-31-2025