Ukukhetha ikhebula kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekufakweni kukagesi. Ukukhetha okungalungile kungase kuholele ezingozini zokuphepha (njengokushisa ngokweqile noma umlilo), ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngokweqile, ukulimala kwemishini, noma ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu. Ngezansi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha ikhebula:
1. Amapharamitha kagesi abalulekile
(1)I-Conductor Cross-Sectional Area:
Ikhono Lamanje Lokuthwala: Lena ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu. Ikhebula kufanele likwazi ukuthwala umthamo omkhulu oqhubekayo wokusebenza wesekethe ngaphandle kokudlula izinga lokushisa elivumelekile lokusebenza. Bheka amathebula e-ampacity kumazinga afanelekile (afana ne-IEC 60287, NEC, GB/T 16895.15).
Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi: Ukugeleza kwamanje ngekhebula kubangela ukwehla kwamandla kagesi. Ubude obudlulele noma ukuphambana okunganele kungaholela kugesi ophansi ekugcineni komthwalo, kuthinte ukusebenza kwemishini (ikakhulukazi ukuqala kwemoto). Bala inani lokwehla kwamandla kagesi ukusuka emthonjeni wamandla ukuya emlayishweni, uqinisekise ukuthi ingaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile (ngokujwayelekile ≤3% wokukhanyisa, ≤5% wamandla).
Umthamo Wokumelana Nesekethe Efushane: Ikhebuli kufanele imelane nobukhulu bamanje besifunda esifushane esingaba khona ohlelweni ngaphandle kokulimala okushisayo ngaphambi kokuba idivayisi yokuvikela isebenze (ukuhlola ukuqina kokushisa). Izindawo ezinkulu eziphambanayo zinamandla okumelana nezinga eliphezulu.
(2)Isilinganiso sikagesi:
I-voltage elinganiselwe yekhebula (isb., 0.6/1kV, 8.7/15kV) akumele ibe ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi esistimu (isb., 380V, 10kV) nanoma iyiphi i-voltage ephezulu engase isebenze. Cabangela ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi wesistimu nezimo ze-overvoltage.
(3)Into ye-Conductor:
I-Copper: I-High conductivity (~ 58 MS/m), amandla okuthwala anamandla amanje, amandla amahle emishini, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, amalunga okuphatha kalula, izindleko eziphezulu. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu.
I-Aluminium: I-Conductivity ephansi (~ 35 MS/m), idinga ukuphambana okukhudlwana ukuze kuzuzwe i-ampacity efanayo, isisindo esilula, izindleko eziphansi, kodwa amandla aphansi emishini, athambekele ku-oxidation, idinga amathuluzi akhethekile kanye ne-antioxidant compound yamalunga. Ivame ukusetshenziselwa imigqa emikhulu ye-cross-section noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.
2. Imvelo Yokufaka Nemibandela
(1)Indlela Yokufaka:
Emoyeni: Amathreyi ekhebula, izitebhisi, amapayipi, amapayipi, indawo egxunyekwe eduze kwezindonga, njll. Izimo ezihlukene zokulahla ukushisa zithinta ukuphakama (ukunciphisa kuyadingeka ekufakweni okuminyene).
Ngaphansi komhlaba: Kugqitshwe ngokuqondile noma kudonswe. Cabangela ukumelana nokushisa komhlabathi, ukujula kokungcwaba, ukuba seduze kweminye imithombo yokushisa (isb., amapayipi omusi). Umswakama womhlaba kanye nokugqwala kuthinta ukukhetha komgodla.
Ngaphansi kwamanzi: Idinga izakhiwo ezikhethekile ezingangeni manzi (isb, umgodla womthofu, ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe lokuvimbela amanzi) kanye nokuvikelwa kwemishini.
Ukufakwa Okukhethekile: Ukugijima okuqondile (cabanga ngokuzisinda), imisele yekhebula/imihubhe, njll.
(2)Izinga lokushisa le-Ambient:
Izinga lokushisa le-ambient lithinta ngokuqondile ukuchithwa kokushisa kwekhebula. Amathebula e-ampacity ajwayelekile asekelwe emazingeni okushisa okubhekisela (isb, 30°C emoyeni, 20°C enhlabathini). Uma izinga lokushisa langempela lidlula ireferensi, i-ampacity kufanele ilungiswe (yehliswe). Naka ukunaka okukhethekile ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (isb., amakamelo okubhayela, izimo zezulu ezishisayo).
(3)Ukusondela kwamanye amakhebuli:
Ukufakwa kwamakhebula aminyene kubangela ukushisisana nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa. Amakhebuli amaningi afakwe ngokuhambisana (ikakhulukazi angenasikhala noma emiseleni efanayo) kufanele ehliswe ngokusekelwe enambeni, ukuhlela (okuthintayo / okungathinti).
(4) Ukucindezeleka Komshini:
I-Tensile Load: Ekufakweni okuqondile noma amabanga amade okudonsa, cabangela isisindo somzimba wekhebula kanye nokuqina kokudonsa; khetha izintambo eziqinile ngokwanele (isb., izintambo zensimbi eziboshwe).
Ingcindezi/Umthelela: Izintambo ezigqitshiwe eziqondile kumele zimelane nokugcwala kwethrafikhi kanye nezingozi zokumbiwa; izintambo ezigxunyekwe ngethreyi zingacindezelwa. Izikhali (itheyiphu yensimbi, ucingo lwensimbi) inikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile komshini.
I-Gonga Radius: Ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokujika, irediyasi yokugoba ikhebula akumele ibe ncane kunobuncane obuvunyelwe, ukugwema ukulimaza ukufakwa kanye nesheath.
(5)Izingozi Zemvelo:
I-Chemical Corrosion: Izitshalo zamakhemikhali, izitshalo zamanzi angcolile, izindawo zenkungu zikasawoti ezisogwini zidinga imigodla ekwazi ukumelana nokubola (isb., i-PVC, i-LSZH, i-PE) kanye/noma izingqimba zangaphandle. Izikhali ezingezona ezensimbi (isb, i-glass fiber) zingadingeka.
Ukungcoliswa Kowoyela: Amadepho kawoyela, izindawo zokucobelelana ngolwazi zokwenza imishini zidinga imigodla engamelana nowoyela (isb., i-PVC ekhethekile, i-CPE, i-CSP).
Ukuchayeka kwe-UV: Izintambo eziveziwe zangaphandle zidinga amashethi angavimbeli i-UV (isb, i-PE emnyama, i-PVC ekhethekile).
Amagundane/Umuhlwa: Ezinye izifunda zidinga izintambo ezivikela amagundane/umhlwa (imigodla enezixosha, amajakhethi aqinile, okokuvikela insimbi).
Umswakama/Ukucwiliswa: Izindawo ezimanzi noma ezingaphansi kwamanzi zidinga umswakama omuhle/izakhiwo ezivimba amanzi (isb., ukuvimbela amanzi nge-radial, umgodla wensimbi).
I-Atmospheres Explosive Atmospheres: Kumelwe ihlangabezane nezidingo zendawo eyingozi zokuvikela ukuqhuma (isb., i-flame-retardant, LSZH, izintambo ezivalwe ngamaminerali).
3. Isakhiwo Sekhebula Nokukhethwa Kwempahla
(1)Izinto Zokuvikela:
I-Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE): Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (90°C), i-ampacity ephezulu, izakhiwo ezinhle ze-dielectric, ukumelana namakhemikhali, amandla amahle emishini. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhebuli kagesi aphakathi/aphansi. Inketho yokuqala.
I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Izindleko eziphansi, inqubo evuthiwe, ukubambezeleka kwelangabi elihle, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokusebenza (70°C), liyaphuka uma izinga lokushisa liphansi, likhipha amagesi anobuthi e-halogen kanye nentuthu eminyene lapho kusha. Isasetshenziswa kabanzi kodwa iya ngokuya ikhawulelwa.
I-Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR): Ukuguquguquka okuhle, isimo sezulu, i-ozone, ukumelana namakhemikhali, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza (90 ° C), elisetshenziselwa imishini ephathwayo, izintambo zasolwandle, izimayini. Izindleko eziphakeme.
Okunye: Irabha ye-Silicone (> 180 ° C), i-mineral insulated (MI - i-copper conductor ene-magnesium oxide insulation, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu komlilo) kwezicelo ezikhethekile.
(2)Izisetshenziswa ze-Sheath:
I-PVC: Isivikelo esihle semishini, i-flame-retardant, izindleko eziphansi, isetshenziswa kabanzi. Iqukethe i-halogen, intuthu enobuthi lapho isha.
I-PE: Umswakama omuhle kakhulu nokumelana namakhemikhali, okuvamile kumashethi angaphandle ekhebula angcwatshwe ngokuqondile. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwelangabi.
Intuthu Ephansi enguziro Halogen (LSZH / LS0H / LSF): Intuthu ephansi, engeyona enobuthi (ayikho igesi ye-halogen acid), ukudlulisa ukukhanya okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokushiswa. Okuphoqelekile ezindaweni zomphakathi (izitimela ezihamba ngaphansi, izitolo ezinkulu, izibhedlela, izakhiwo eziphakeme).
I-Polyolefin e-retardant flame: Ihlangabezana nezimfuneko ezithile zokunqanda amalangabi.
Ukukhetha kufanele kucabangele ukumelana nemvelo (uwoyela, isimo sezulu, i-UV) kanye nezidingo zokuvikela imishini.
(3)Izendlalelo Zokuvikela:
I-Conductor Shield: Iyadingeka kumakhebuli kagesi aphakathi/phezulu (>3.6/6kV), ilingana nenkundla kagesi yekhondatha.
I-Insulation Shield: Iyadingeka kumakhebuli kagesi aphakathi/phezulu, isebenza nesivikelo somqhubi wokulawula insimu ephelele.
I-Metallic Shield/Armour: Ihlinzeka nge-EMC (evimbela ukuphazamiseka/enciphisa ukukhishwa) kanye/noma indlela yesiyingi esifushane (kufanele yenziwe inhlabathi) kanye nokuvikelwa kwemishini. Amafomu avamile: i-copper tape, i-copper wire braid (isivikelo + i-short-circuit path), isivikelo se-tape yensimbi (ukuvikelwa komshini), isivikelo sensimbi yensimbi (i-tensile + ukuvikelwa komshini), i-aluminium sheath (isivikelo + ukuvimbela amanzi e-radial + ukuvikelwa komshini).
(4)Izinhlobo zezikhali:
I-Steel Wire Armored (SWA): Ukuvikelwa okuhle kakhulu kokucindezela nokuqina okujwayelekile, ngezidingo zokungcwaba eziqondile noma zokuvikela imishini.
I-Galvanized Wire Armored (GWA): Amandla aqinile aphezulu, okugijima okuqondile, izikhala ezinkulu, ukufakwa ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Izikhali Ezingezona ezensimbi: Itheyiphu yefiber yengilazi, inikeza amandla okusebenza ngenkathi ingewona uzibuthe, ingasindi, imelana nokugqwala, ngezimfuneko ezikhethekile.
4. Izidingo Zokuphepha Nezokulawula
(1)Ukuncipha komlilo:
Khetha izintambo ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezisebenzayo zokunqanda ilangabi (isb, i-IEC 60332-1/3 yokuncipha kwelangabi elilodwa/elihlanganisiwe, i-BS 6387 CWZ yokumelana nomlilo, i-GB/T 19666) ngokusekelwe engcupheni yomlilo nezidingo zokuphuma. Izindawo ezisesidlangalaleni nezindawo ezinzima zokuphunyuka kufanele zisebenzise izintambo ezivimba amalangabi e-LSZH.
(2)Ukumelana Nomlilo:
Kumasekhethi abalulekile okumele ahlale enamandla ngesikhathi somlilo (amaphampu omlilo, izifeni zentuthu, izibani zezimo eziphuthumayo, ama-alamu), sebenzisa izintambo ezingashi (isb, izintambo ze-MI, izakhiwo ezifakwe emica-taped organic insulated) ezivivinywe kumazinga (isb, BS 6387, IEC 60331, GB/T 19216).
(3)Intuthu Engenayo I-Halogen & Ephansi:
Kuyisibopho ezindaweni ezinokuphepha okuphezulu nezidingo zokuvikela imishini (izindawo zezokuthutha, izikhungo zedatha, izibhedlela, izakhiwo zomphakathi ezinkulu).
(4)Ukuthobela Amazinga Nesitifiketi:
Amakhebuli kufanele ahambisane nezindinganiso eziphoqelekile kanye nezitifiketi endaweni yephrojekthi (isb., i-CCC e-China, i-CE e-EU, i-BS yase-UK, i-UL yase-US).
5. Izindleko Zomjikelezo Wezomnotho Nokuphila
Izindleko Zokuqala Zokutshalwa Kwezimali: Ikhebula nezinye izinto (amalunga, ukunqanyulwa) inani.
Izindleko Zokufaka: Iyahlukahluka ngosayizi wekhebula, isisindo, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokufaka kalula.
Izindleko Zokulahleka Kokusebenza: Ukumelana ne-conductor kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwe-I²R. Ama-conductor amakhulu abiza kakhulu ekuqaleni kodwa anciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesikhathi eside.
Izindleko Zokulungisa: Izintambo ezinokwethenjelwa, ezihlala isikhathi eside zinezindleko zokunakekela eziphansi.
Impilo Yesevisi: Izintambo zekhwalithi ephezulu ezindaweni ezifanele zingahlala iminyaka engama-30+. Linganisa ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukukhetha amakhebuli ekhwalithi ephansi noma esezingeni eliphansi ngokusekelwe ezindlekweni zokuqala kuphela.
6. Okunye Okucatshangelwayo
Ukulandelana Kwesigaba & Nokumaka: Kuzintambo eziningi ezibalulekile noma ukufakwa okuhlukaniswe ngezigaba, qinisekisa ukulandelana kwesigaba okulungile kanye nokubhala ngekhodi kombala (ngamazinga endawo).
I-Earthing & Equipotential Bonding: Izihlangu zensimbi nezikhali kufanele zenziwe ngodaka ngokuthembekile (imvamisa emikhawulweni yomibili) ngokuphepha nokusebenza kokuvikela.
I-Reserve Margin: Cabangela ukukhula komthwalo okungase kube khona esikhathini esizayo noma izinguquko zomzila, khulisa izingxenye ezinqamulayo noma gcina amasekhethi ayisipele uma kudingeka.
Ukuhambisana: Izinsiza zekhebula (amalugi, amajoyinti, ukunqanyulwa) kufanele zifane nohlobo lwekhebula, i-voltage, nosayizi wekhondatha.
Ukufaneleka Komhlinzeki Nekhwalithi: Khetha abakhiqizi abahloniphekile abanekhwalithi ezinzile.
Ukuze usebenze kahle nokuthembeka, ukukhetha ikhebula elilungile kuhambisana nokukhetha izinto zekhwalithi ephezulu. Kwa-ONE WORLD, sihlinzeka ngohlu olubanzi lwezinto zokusetshenziswa zezintambo nekhebula - okuhlanganisa izinhlanganisela zokufakelwa, izinto zokushela, amateyipu, izigcwalisi, nezintambo - eziklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezicaciso namazinga ahlukahlukene, asekela ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwekhebula eliphephile nelisebenza kahle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-15-2025