Ukukhetha ikhebula kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekufakweni kukagesi. Ukukhetha okungalungile kungaholela ezingozini zokuphepha (njengokushisa ngokweqile noma umlilo), ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngokweqile, umonakalo wemishini, noma ukusebenza kahle kohlelo okuphansi. Nazi izici eziyinhloko okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha ikhebula:
1. Amapharamitha Kagesi Ayinhloko
(1) Indawo Enqamula Isigaba Somqhubi:
Umthamo Wokuthwala Wamanje: Lena ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu. Ikhebula kumele likwazi ukuthwala ugesi oqhubekayo ophezulu wesekethe ngaphandle kokudlula izinga lokushisa elivumelekile lokusebenza. Bheka amathebula obubanzi ezindinganisweni ezifanele (njenge-IEC 60287, NEC, GB/T 16895.15).
Ukwehla Kwevolumu: Ugesi ogeleza ngekhebula ubangela ukwehla kwevolumu. Ubude obukhulu noma ukunganele kwengxenye kungaholela ku-voltage ephansi ekugcineni komthwalo, okuthinta ukusebenza kwemishini (ikakhulukazi ukuqala kwemoto). Bala ukwehla kwevolumu iyonke kusukela emthonjeni wamandla kuya emthwalweni, uqinisekise ukuthi kungaphakathi kwebanga elivunyelwe (ngokuvamile ≤3% yokukhanyisa, ≤5% yamandla).
Umthamo Wokumelana Nesiyingi Esifushane: Ikhebula kumele limelane nomthamo omkhulu we-short-circuit ongenzeka ohlelweni ngaphandle kokulimala kokushisa ngaphambi kokuba idivayisi evikelayo isebenze (ukuhlolwa kokuqina kokushisa). Izindawo ezinkulu ezinqamula izigaba zinamandla aphezulu okumelana.
(2) I-Voltage Elinganisiwe:
I-voltage elinganisiwe yekhebula (isb., 0.6/1kV, 8.7/15kV) akumele ibe ngaphansi kune-voltage evamile yesistimu (isb., 380V, 10kV) kanye nanoma yiliphi i-voltage yokusebenza ephezulu kakhulu. Cabangela ukushintshashintsha kwe-voltage yesistimu kanye nezimo ze-overvoltage.
(3) Izinto Zomqhubi:
Ithusi: Ukuqhuba okuphezulu (~58 MS/m), ikhono lokuthwala ugesi eliqinile, amandla amahle okusebenza, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, amalunga okulula ukuwaphatha, izindleko eziphezulu. Esetshenziswa kakhulu.
I-Aluminium: Ukuqhuba okuphansi (~35 MS/m2), idinga ingxenye enkulu ukuze kufezwe ubukhulu obufanayo, isisindo esilula, izindleko eziphansi, kodwa amandla aphansi omshini, ethambekele ekushisweni yi-oxidation, idinga amathuluzi akhethekile kanye ne-antioxidant compound yamalunga. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa imigqa emikhulu yengxenye ephezulu noma izinhlelo ezithile.
2. Indawo Yokufaka Nezimo
(1) Indlela Yokufaka:
Emoyeni: Amathreyi ekhebula, amaladi, amapayipi, amapayipi, indawo ebekwe odongeni, njll. Izimo ezahlukene zokushabalalisa ukushisa zithinta ububanzi (ukunciphisa okudingekayo ekufakweni okuxineneyo).
Ngaphansi komhlaba: Kugqitshwe noma kufakwe imibhobho eqondile. Cabanga ngokumelana nokushisa kwenhlabathi, ukujula kokungcwaba, ukusondelana neminye imithombo yokushisa (isb., amapayipi anomusi). Umswakama wenhlabathi kanye nokugqwala kuthinta ukukhethwa kwesigxobo.
Ngaphansi kwamanzi: Kudinga izakhiwo ezikhethekile ezingangeni manzi (isb., igobolondo lomthofu, ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe lokuvimba amanzi) kanye nokuvikelwa kwemishini.
Ukufakwa Okukhethekile: Ukugijima okuqondile (cabanga ngokuzisinda), imisele/imigudu yekhebula, njll.
(2) Izinga Lokushisa Eliphakathi:
Izinga lokushisa elizungezile lithinta ngqo ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kwekhebula. Amathebula ajwayelekile obubanzi asekelwe emazingeni okushisa okubhekiselwe kuwo (isb., 30°C emoyeni, 20°C enhlabathini). Uma izinga lokushisa langempela lidlula ireferensi, ubukhulu kumele bulungiswe (buncishiswe). Naka ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu (isb., amakamelo okubhoyila, izimo zezulu ezishisayo).
(3) Ukusondelana Nezinye Izintambo:
Ukufakwa kwekhebula eliminyene kubangela ukufudumeza kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa. Izintambo eziningi ezifakwe ngokulingana (ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwesikhala noma kumzila ofanayo) kumele zisuswe ngokusekelwe enombolweni, ekuhleleni (ukuthinta / ukungathintani).
(4) Ukucindezeleka Kwemishini:
Umthwalo Wokudonsa: Uma ufaka uqonde phezulu noma udonsa amabanga amade, cabanga ngokuzisinda kwekhebula kanye nokucindezela kokudonsa; khetha izintambo ezinamandla okudonsa anele (isb., izintambo zensimbi ezivikelwe).
Ingcindezi/Umthelela: Izintambo ezigqitshwe ngqo kumele zikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo yezimoto ezidlulayo kanye nezingozi zokumba; izintambo ezifakwe kuthreyi zingacindezelwa. Izivikelo (itheyiphu yensimbi, ucingo lwensimbi) zinikeza isivikelo esiqinile semishini.
Irediyasi Yokugoba: Ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokuphendulwa, irediyasi yokugoba ikhebula akumele ibe ncane kunesilinganiso esivunyelwe, ukuze kugwenywe ukulimaza ukufudumala kanye ne-sheath.
(5) Izingozi Zemvelo:
Ukugqwala Kwamakhemikhali: Izitshalo zamakhemikhali, izitshalo zamanzi angcolile, izindawo ezinenkungu kasawoti ogwini zidinga izimbobo ezingagqwali (isb., i-PVC, i-LSZH, i-PE) kanye/noma izendlalelo zangaphandle. Kungadingeka izivikelo ezingezona ezensimbi (isb., i-fiber yengilazi).
Ukungcoliswa Kwamafutha: Izindawo zokugcina uwoyela, izindawo zokusebenzela zomshini zidinga amashelufu angamelani namafutha (isb., i-PVC ekhethekile, i-CPE, i-CSP).
Ukuvezwa kwe-UV: Izintambo ezivezwe ngaphandle zidinga ama-sheath amelana ne-UV (isb., i-PE emnyama, i-PVC ekhethekile).
Amagundane/Imihlwa: Ezinye izindawo zidinga izintambo ezingangenwa amagundane/imihlwa (izigqoko ezinezixoshi, amajakethi aqinile, izivikelo zensimbi).
Umswakama/Ukucwiliswa: Izindawo ezimanzi noma ezicwiliswe emanzini zidinga izakhiwo ezinhle zomswakama/ezivimba amanzi (isb., ukuvimba amanzi okuqondile, i-sheath yensimbi).
I-Atmospheres Eqhumayo: Kumelwe ihlangabezane nezidingo eziyingozi zokumelana nokuqhuma endaweni (isb., ezivimbela ilangabi, i-LSZH, izintambo ezivikelwe ngamaminerali).
3. Ukwakheka Kwekhebula Nokukhethwa Kwezinto
(1) Izinto Zokuvala Ukushisa:
I-Polyethylene exhumene ne-Cross-linked (XLPE): Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (90°C), ubukhulu obuphezulu, izakhiwo ezinhle ze-dielectric, ukumelana namakhemikhali, amandla amahle omshini. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhebula kagesi aphakathi nendawo/aphansi. Ukukhetha kokuqala.
I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Izindleko eziphansi, inqubo yokuvuthwa, ukungasebenzi kahle komlilo, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza eliphansi (70°C), iyaphuka uma izinga lokushisa liphansi, ikhipha amagesi e-halogen anobuthi kanye nentuthu eningi uma ivutha. Isasetshenziswa kabanzi kodwa incishisiwe kakhulu.
Irabha ye-Ethylene Propylene (EPR): Ukuguquguquka okuhle, isimo sezulu, i-ozone, ukumelana namakhemikhali, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza (90°C), esetshenziselwa imishini yeselula, izintambo zasolwandle, zezimayini. Izindleko eziphezulu.
Ezinye: Irabha ye-silicone (>180°C), i-mineral insulated (MI – conductor yethusi ene-magnesium oxide insulation, ukusebenza kahle komlilo) kwezicelo ezikhethekile.
(2) Izinto Zokumboza:
I-PVC: Isivikelo esihle semishini, ayishisi ilangabi, ishibhile, isetshenziswa kabanzi. Iqukethe intuthu enobuthi ye-halogen uma ivutha.
I-PE: Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu komswakama kanye namakhemikhali, okuvamile kuma-sheath angaphandle ekhebula angcwatshwe ngqo. Ukungabambeki kahle komlilo.
I-Halogen Ephansi Yentuthu Engenawo Umswakama (LSZH / LS0H / LSF): Intuthu ephansi, ayinabo ubuthi (awekho amagesi e-halogen acid), ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokusha. Kuyadingeka ezindaweni zomphakathi (ezitimeleni ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezitolo ezinkulu, ezibhedlela, ezakhiweni eziphakeme).
I-Polyolefin evimbela ilangabi: Ihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile ezivimbela ilangabi.
Ukukhetha kufanele kucabangele ukumelana nemvelo (uwoyela, isimo sezulu, i-UV) kanye nezidingo zokuvikela imishini.
(3)Izendlalelo Zokuvikela:
Isivikelo Somqhubi: Siyadingeka kumakhebula kagesi aphakathi nendawo/aphezulu (>3.6/6kV), silinganisa insimu kagesi engaphezulu komqhubi.
Isivikelo Sokuvimbela Ukushisa: Siyadingeka kumakhebula kagesi aphakathi nendawo/aphezulu, sisebenza nesivikelo somqhubi ukuze kulawulwe ngokuphelele insimu.
Isivikelo/Izikhali Zensimbi: Sihlinzeka nge-EMC (evimbela ukuphazamiseka/ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi) kanye/noma indlela yesekethe emfushane (kumele imbozwe ngomhlaba) kanye nokuvikelwa kwemishini. Izinhlobo ezivamile: iteyipu yethusi, ukuluka kwentambo yethusi (isivikelo + indlela yesekethe emfushane), isivikelo seteyipu yensimbi (isivikelo semishini), isivikelo sentambo yensimbi (ukuqina + ukuvikelwa kwemishini), isheya le-aluminium (isivikelo + ukuvimba amanzi okuqondile + ukuvikelwa kwemishini).
(4) Izinhlobo Zokuvikela:
Insimbi Enezivikelo Zensimbi (i-SWA): Ukuvikelwa okuhle kakhulu kokucindezela nokuthambekela, kwezidingo zokungcwaba ngqo noma zokuvikela ngomshini.
I-Galvanized Wire Armoured (GWA): Amandla aphezulu okudonseka, okugijima okuqondile, ama-span amakhulu, ukufakwa ngaphansi kwamanzi.
I-Armour Engeyona Insimbi: Itheyiphu yefayibha yengilazi, inikeza amandla omshini ngenkathi ingeyona i-magnetic, ilula, imelana nokugqwala, ngenxa yezidingo ezikhethekile.
4. Izidingo Zokuphepha Nezokulawula
(1) Ukuvinjelwa Komlilo:
Khetha izintambo ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanele zokuvimbela umlilo (isb., IEC 60332-1/3 zokuvimbela umlilo okukodwa/okuhlanganisiwe, BS 6387 CWZ yokumelana nomlilo, GB/T 19666) ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zobungozi bomlilo kanye nokuphuma kwabantu. Izindawo zomphakathi nezinzima ukubaleka kumele zisebenzise izintambo ze-LSZH zokuvimbela umlilo.
(2) Ukumelana Nomlilo:
Kumasekethe abalulekile okumele ahlale enamandla ngesikhathi somlilo (amaphampu omlilo, abalandeli bomusi, izibani eziphuthumayo, ama-alamu), sebenzisa izintambo ezingashisi umlilo (isb., izintambo ze-MI, izakhiwo ezivikelwe nge-mica) ezihlolwe ngokwezindinganiso (isb., BS 6387, IEC 60331, GB/T 19216).
(3) Intuthu Engenayo i-Halogen kanye nentuthu ephansi:
Kuphoqelekile ezindaweni ezinezidingo zokuphepha eziphezulu kanye nokuvikelwa kwemishini (izindawo zokuthutha, izikhungo zedatha, izibhedlela, izakhiwo ezinkulu zomphakathi).
(4) Ukuhambisana Nezindinganiso Nesitifiketi:
Amakhebula kumele ahambisane nezindinganiso eziphoqelekile kanye nezitifiketi endaweni yephrojekthi (isb., i-CCC eShayina, i-CE e-EU, i-BS e-UK, i-UL e-US).
5. Ezomnotho kanye Nezindleko Zomjikelezo Wokuphila
Izindleko Zokuqala Zokutshalwa Kwezimali: Intengo yekhebula nezesekeli (amalunga, ukuphela).
Izindleko Zokufaka: Ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu bekhebula, isisindo, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokulula kokufakwa.
Izindleko Zokulahlekelwa Kokusebenza: Ukumelana nomqhubi kubangela ukulahlekelwa yi-I²R. Ama-conductor amakhulu abiza kakhulu ekuqaleni kodwa anciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesikhathi eside.
Izindleko Zokulungisa: Izintambo ezithembekile neziqinile zinezindleko zokulungisa eziphansi.
Impilo Yesevisi: Izintambo zekhwalithi ephezulu ezindaweni ezifanele zingahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Hlola ngokuphelele ukuze ugweme ukukhetha izintambo ezisezingeni eliphansi noma ezisezingeni eliphansi ngokusekelwe kuphela ezindlekweni zokuqala.
6. Ezinye Izinto Okufanele Uzicabangele
Ukulandelana Kwezigaba Nokumaka: Ngezintambo ezinama-core amaningi noma ukufakwa okuhlukaniswe ngezigaba, qinisekisa ukulandelana kwezigaba okulungile kanye nokubhala ikhodi yombala (ngokwezindinganiso zendawo).
Ukubopha Komhlaba Nokubumbana Kwezinto: Izihlangu nezikhali zensimbi kumele zifakwe ngomhlabathi othembekile (ngokuvamile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi) ukuze kuphephe futhi kusebenze kahle ekuvikeleni.
I-Reserve Margin: Cabanga ngokukhula komthwalo noma izinguquko zomzila ezingaba khona esikhathini esizayo, khulisa izingxenye eziwela phansi noma gcina amasekethe asele uma kudingeka.
Ukuhambisana: Izesekeli zekhebula (ama-lug, ama-joint, ama-terminals) kumele zihambisane nohlobo lwekhebula, i-voltage, kanye nosayizi womqhubi.
Izimfanelo Nekhwalithi Yomhlinzeki: Khetha abakhiqizi abadumile abanekhwalithi ezinzile.
Ukuze kusebenze kahle futhi kuthembeke, ukukhetha ikhebula elifanele kuhambisana nokukhetha izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Kwa-ONE WORLD, sinikeza uhla olubanzi lwezinto zokusetshenziswa zocingo nezekhebula — okuhlanganisa izinto zokushisa, izinto zokubopha, amatheyipu, izigcwalisi, kanye nezintambo — ezenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nemininingwane nezindinganiso ezahlukahlukene, ezisekela ukwakheka nokufakwa kwekhebula okuphephile nokusebenzayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-15-2025