Ngokushintshwa kwesakhiwo samandla omhlaba kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, izintambo zamandla amasha kancane kancane ziba yizinto ezibalulekile emkhakheni wokudlulisa nokusabalalisa amandla. Izintambo zamandla amasha, njengoba negama lisho, ziwuhlobo lwezintambo ezikhethekile ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izinkambu ezifana nokuphehla amandla amasha, ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nezimoto zamandla amasha. Lezi zintambo azigcini nje ngokuba nokusebenza kukagesi okuyisisekelo kwezintambo zendabuko, kodwa futhi kufanele zibhekane nezinselele eziningi ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla amasha, okuhlanganisa izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zikazibuthe kagesi kanye nokudlidliza kwemishini okunamandla kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ikusasa lezintambo zamandla amasha kanye namathemba azo okusebenza abanzi.
Ukusebenza okuyingqayizivele nezinselele zamakhebuli wamandla amasha
Ukuklama nokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwezintambo zamandla amasha kuyingqayizivele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemikhakha ehlukene. Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza amandla elanga, izintambo ze-photovoltaic array zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye zephaneli ye-photovoltaic. Lezi zintambo zichayeka ngaphandle unyaka wonke, ngakho kubalulekile ukumelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet nokuguga. Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ukumelana nesimo sezuluI-XLPEizinto zokuhlanganisa kanye nemisheko yangaphandle ye-polyolefin engadabuki ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside. Izintambo zokuxhuma ezishintshashintshayo zidinga ukumelana nomlilo kahle, ngakho izintambo ze-PVC ezinganqamuki ilangabi ziyinketho yokuqala.
Izidingo zamakhebuli emkhakheni wokukhiqiza amandla omoya ziqinile ngokulinganayo. Izintambo ezingaphakathi kwejeneretha zidinga ukukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuphazanyiswa kozibuthe kagesi. Isixazululo esivamile ukusebenzisa i-copper wire braiding ukuze uvikeleke ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kukazibuthe. Ukwengeza, izintambo zombhoshongo, izintambo zokulawula, njll. ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza amandla omoya nazo zidinga ukuba nokuthembeka okuphezulu nokumelana nesimo sezulu ukuze kubhekane nezimo zemvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezishintshayo.
Inkambu yezimoto zamandla amasha inezidingo eziphakeme zekhwalithi nokusebenza kwezintambo. Izintambo zamandla kagesi aphezulu zinesibopho sokuxhuma amaphakethe ebhethri, amamotho kanye nezinhlelo zokushaja. Basebenzisa amakhondaktha ekhopha anobumsulwa obuphezulu ngezinto zokufakwa kwe-XLPE ukuze banciphise ukulahleka kwamandla. Ukuze kuvinjwe ukuphazamiseka kozibuthe kagesi, idizayini yekhebula ihlanganisa ungqimba oluyisivikelo oluyinhlanganisela ye-aluminium foil nocingo lwethusi. Izintambo zokushaja ze-AC ne-DC zisekela izidingo nezindlela zokushaja ezihlukene, ezigcizelela umthamo wamanje wokuthwala ophezulu kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokufakwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla.
Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla nazo zithembele ekusekelweni kwekhebula. Izintambo zokuxhuma ibhethri kufanele zikwazi ukumelana nezinguquko ezisheshayo ekucindezelekeni kwamanje kanye nokushisa, ngakho kusetshenziswa izinto zokuhlanganisa ugesi ezifana ne-XLPE noma irabha ekhethekile. Izintambo ezixhuma isistimu yokugcina amandla kugridi kufanele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso ze-voltage ephezulu futhi zibe nokuvumelana nezimo kwemvelo okuhle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokudluliswa kwamandla.
Isidingo semakethe nokukhula kwezintambo zamandla amasha
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthandwa kobuchwepheshe obusha bamandla, izimboni ezifana namandla omoya, amandla elanga, nezimoto zamandla amasha ziye zaletha ukukhula okukhulu, futhi isidingo sezintambo zamandla amasha sikhuphuke kakhulu. Imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi isikali samaphrojekthi kagesi amasha azoqalwa ngo-2024 sizofinyelela phezulu okusha, nenani eliphelele lokuqalisa lonyaka lama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-28, okuhlanganisa ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyisi-7.13 zamaphrojekthi okukhiqiza amandla kagesi we-photovoltaic, ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-1.91 wamaphrojekthi wokugcina amandla, ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-13.55 wemoto yamaphrojekthi kagesi womoya, kanye namaphrojekthi kagesi omoya ayizigidi eziyi-1.
Njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile ochungechungeni lwemboni ye-photovoltaic, izintambo ze-photovoltaic zinamathemba okuthuthukiswa okubanzi kakhulu. I-China, i-United States kanye ne-Europe yizifunda ezintathu ezinomthamo omkhulu we-photovoltaic ofakiwe, ezibalelwa ku-43%, 28% kanye no-18% wengqikithi yomhlaba wonke, ngokulandelana. Izintambo ze-Photovoltaic zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumasekethe e-DC kumadivayisi aphansi angalungile wezinhlelo zokuphakela amandla. Amazinga kagesi awo ajwayele ukuba ngu-0.6/1kV noma 0.4/0.6kV, kanti amanye afinyelela ku-35kV. Ngokufika kwenkathi yokulingana, imboni ye-photovoltaic isizongena esigabeni sokukhula kokuqhuma. Eminyakeni elandelayo ye-5-8, ama-photovoltaics azoba omunye wemithombo eyinhloko kagesi emhlabeni.
Intuthuko esheshayo yemboni yokugcina amandla nayo ayinakuhlukaniswa nokusekelwa kwezintambo zamandla amasha. Isidingo samakhebula e-DC anamandla kagesi aphezulu, asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxhuma imishini yokushaja nokukhipha kanye nemishini yokulawula eziteshini zamandla okugcina amandla, kanye nezintambo ze-AC eziphakathi nendawo naphansi, ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ama-transformer, amakhabethe okusabalalisa, kanye nemishini yamandla aphansi njengokukhanyisa nokulawula eziteshini zamandla okugcina amandla, nazo zizokhula kakhulu. Ngokukhuthazwa komgomo we-"dual carbon" kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium, imboni yokugcina amandla izoletha indawo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa, futhi izintambo zamandla amasha zizodlala indima ebalulekile kuyo.
Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye namathrendi okuvikela imvelo kwezintambo zamandla amasha
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezintambo zamandla amasha akudingi kuphela ukusebenza okuphezulu nokuthembeka, kodwa futhi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezidingo eziphansi zekhabhoni. Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezintambo ezinobungani bemvelo, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nezintambo zokusebenza ezikhethekile nezintambo sekuphenduke umkhuba obalulekile embonini. Isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yekhebula efanelekile ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu kungaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini efana namandla omoya kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwakhiwa kwamagridi ahlakaniphile kanye nokufinyelela kwemithombo yamandla esabalalisiwe, izintambo kanye nezintambo nazo zidinga ukuba nokuhlakanipha okuphezulu nokuthembeka.
Abakhiqizi bamakhebula batshala imali ngenkuthalo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni futhi sebethule uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo yekhebula ekhethekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziphakeme zezintambo emkhakheni omusha wamandla. Le mikhiqizo ihlanganisa izintambo zokusekela imojula ye-photovoltaic ezifaneleka kakhulu ophahleni oluyisicaba, izintambo zokuhola zemojuli ye-solar cell ukuze kufakwe okungaguquki, izintambo zamapulangwe ocingo oluqinile lwezinhlelo zokulandela umkhondo, nezintambo zokushaja izinqwaba ezinokumelana okungcono nokushisa okuphezulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kohlaza sekuyisivumelwano somhlaba wonke, futhi ugesi, njengemboni eyisisekelo yomnotho wezwe, nakanjani uzothuthuka ngendlela eluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi. Izintambo namakhebuli angavimbeli amalangabi, angenayo i-halogen, intuthu encane, kanye nekhabhoni ephansi ehambisana nemvelo ziya ngokuya zifunwa kakhulu emakethe. Abakhiqizi bamakhebula banciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni emikhiqizweni ngokwenza ngcono izinto kanye nezinqubo, futhi bathuthukise imikhiqizo yekhebula ekhethekile enevelu ephezulu eyengeziwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimo ezithile.
Ikusasa Outlook
Izintambo zamandla amasha, ngokusebenza kwazo okuyingqayizivele, zihlinzeka ngokusekela okuqinile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni entsha yamandla. Ngokukhula okwandayo kobuchwepheshe bamandla amasha kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwesidingo semakethe, isidingo samakhebula amandla amasha sizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Lokhu akuthuthukisi ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe embonini yamakhebula kuphela, kodwa futhi kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkambu ezihlobene njengesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, nobuchwepheshe bokuhlola.
Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kwezintambo zamandla amasha kuzoqhubeka nokuba ngcono, ukubeka isisekelo sokusetshenziswa okubanzi kukagesi oluhlaza emhlabeni jikelele. Izintambo eziningi zamandla amasha ekhwalithi ephezulu zizongena kancane kancane ezimpilweni zethu, zisize ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla emhlabeni jikelele, futhi zifaka isandla kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme. Imboni yamakhebula izophinde iqhube ukuhlola nokusebenza okujulile ekuqondeni kwentuthuko eluhlaza, futhi ithuthukise ukuncintisana kanye nenzuzo yamabhizinisi ngokwakha amamodeli okusebenza ahlakaniphile nedijithali, ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okudidiyelwe kwamabhizinisi akhuphukayo naphansi ochungechungeni lwezimboni, futhi ekugcineni afinyelele umgomo wentuthuko yezinga eliphezulu.
Njengengxenye ebalulekile yomgwaqo wamandla wesikhathi esizayo, izintambo zamandla amasha zinamathuba abanzi okusebenza namandla amakhulu okuthuthuka. Ngokushintshwa kwesakhiwo samandla omhlaba kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, izintambo zamandla amasha ngokuqinisekile zizodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuguqukeni kwamandla emhlabeni jikelele.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-06-2024