Ngokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla somhlaba wonke kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, izintambo zamandla ezintsha kancane kancane ziba yizinto eziyinhloko emkhakheni wokudlulisa nokusabalalisa amandla. Izintambo zamandla ezintsha, njengoba igama lisho, ziwuhlobo lwezintambo ezikhethekile ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amasimu afana nokukhiqizwa kwamandla amasha, ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nezimoto zamandla amasha. Lezi zintambo azigcini nje ngokuba nokusebenza kukagesi okuyisisekelo kwezintambo zendabuko, kodwa futhi kumele zibhekane nezinselele eziningi ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla amasha, okuhlanganisa izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-electromagnetic kanye nokudlidliza kwemishini okunamandla aphezulu. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ikusasa lezintambo zamandla ezintsha kanye namathemba azo okusetshenziswa kabanzi.
Ukusebenza okuyingqayizivele kanye nezinselele zezintambo ezintsha zamandla
Ukwakheka kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha izintambo ezintsha zamandla kuhlukile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinkambu ezahlukene. Emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga, izintambo ze-photovoltaic array zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye zephaneli ye-photovoltaic. Lezi zintambo zivezwa ngaphandle unyaka wonke, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukumelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye nokuguga kwezinto. Izintambo ze-photovoltaic zivame ukusebenzisa ukumelana kakhulu nesimo sezulu.I-XLPEizinto zokuvikela kanye nama-sheath angaphandle e-polyolefin angadabuki ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo okuzinzile isikhathi eside. Izintambo zokuxhuma ze-inverter kudingeka zibe nokumelana okuhle nomlilo, ngakho-ke izintambo ze-PVC ezivimbela ilangabi ziyisinqumo sokuqala.
Izidingo zezintambo emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya nazo ziqinile. Izintambo ezingaphakathi kwejeneretha zidinga ukukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuphazamiseka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-electromagnetic. Isixazululo esivamile ukusebenzisa ukuluka ucingo lwethusi ukuze kuvikelwe ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintambo zombhoshongo, izintambo zokulawula, njll. ezinhlelweni zokukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya nazo zidinga ukuba nokuthembeka okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu ukuze zibhekane nezimo zemvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezishintshashintshayo.
Insimu yezimoto ezintsha zamandla inezidingo eziphakeme zekhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kwezintambo. Izintambo zamandla ezinamandla aphezulu zinomthwalo wokuxhumanisa amaphakethe ebhethri, ama-motor kanye nezinhlelo zokushaja. Zisebenzisa ama-conductor ethusi ahlanzekile kakhulu ngezinto zokufaka i-XLPE ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamandla. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, ukwakheka kwekhebula kuhlanganisa ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe lokuvikela lwe-aluminium foil kanye nentambo yethusi. Izintambo zokushaja ze-AC kanye ne-DC zisekela izidingo nezindlela ezahlukene zokushaja, kugcizelela umthamo wokuthwala wamandla aphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kokufaka izintambo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla.
Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla nazo zithembele ekusekelweni kwekhebula. Izintambo zokuxhuma ibhethri kumele zikwazi ukumelana nezinguquko ezisheshayo ekucindezelekeni kwamandla kagesi nokushisa, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswa izinto zokuvikela ugesi ezifana ne-XLPE noma irabha ekhethekile. Izintambo ezixhumanisa uhlelo lokugcina amandla negridi kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso zamandla aphezulu futhi zibe nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle kwemvelo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudluliswa kwamandla.
Isidingo semakethe kanye nokukhula kwezintambo ezintsha zamandla
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngentuthuko eqhubekayo kanye nokuthandwa kobuchwepheshe obusha bamandla, izimboni ezifana namandla omoya, amandla elanga, kanye nezimoto ezintsha zamandla ziye zaletha ukukhula okukhulu, futhi isidingo sezintambo ezintsha zamandla naso sikhuphuke kakhulu. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ubukhulu bemiklamo yamandla amasha ezoqalwa ngo-2024 buzofinyelela phezulu okusha, ngomthamo wokuqala waminyaka yonke wama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-28, okuhlanganisa ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-7.13 wamaphrojekthi okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic, ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-1.91 wamaphrojekthi okugcina amandla, ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-13.55 wamaphrojekthi wamandla omoya, kanye nama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-11 wamaphrojekthi okushintsha amabhethri ezimoto ezintsha zamandla.
Njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile ochungechungeni lwemboni ye-photovoltaic, izintambo ze-photovoltaic zinamathuba amaningi entuthuko. I-China, i-United States kanye ne-Europe yizifunda ezintathu ezine-photovoltaic entsha efakwe kakhulu, ezibalelwa ku-43%, 28% kanye no-18% wenani lomhlaba wonke, ngokulandelana. Izintambo ze-photovoltaic zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumasekethe e-DC kumadivayisi aphansi angenamandla ezinhlelweni zokuphakelwa kwamandla kagesi. Amazinga azo kagesi ngokuvamile angama-0.6/1kV noma angu-0.4/0.6kV, kanti amanye aphezulu afinyelela ku-35kV. Ngokufika kwesikhathi sokulingana, imboni ye-photovoltaic isizongena esigabeni sokukhula okukhulu. Eminyakeni emi-5-8 ezayo, i-photovoltaic izoba ngomunye wemithombo kagesi eyinhloko emhlabeni.
Intuthuko esheshayo yemboni yokugcina amandla nayo ayihlukaniseki nokusekelwa kwezintambo ezintsha zamandla. Isidingo sezintambo ze-DC ezinamandla aphezulu, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxhuma imishini yokushaja nokukhipha ishaja kanye nemishini yokulawula yeziteshi zamandla zokugcina amandla, kanye nezintambo ze-AC ezinamandla aphakathi naphansi, ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ama-transformer, amakhabethe okusabalalisa, kanye nemishini enamandla aphansi njengokukhanyisa nokulawula eziteshini zamandla zokugcina amandla, nazo zizokhula kakhulu. Ngokukhuthazwa komgomo "wekhabhoni ephindwe kabili" kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri le-lithium, imboni yokugcina amandla izoletha isikhala sentuthuko ebanzi, futhi izintambo zamandla ezintsha zizodlala indima ebalulekile kuyo.
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nemikhuba yokuvikela imvelo yezintambo ezintsha zamandla
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezintambo ezintsha zamandla akudingi nje kuphela ukusebenza okuphezulu nokuthembeka, kodwa futhi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezidingo eziphansi zekhabhoni. Ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezintambo nezintambo ezinobungani nemvelo, ezingamelani nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nokusebenza okukhethekile kuye kwaba umkhuba obalulekile embonini. Isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yezintambo ezifanele izindawo ezinokushisa okuphezulu kungaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini efana namandla omoya kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga ezindaweni ezibucayi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwakhiwa kwamagridi ahlakaniphile kanye nokufinyelela kwemithombo yamandla esatshalaliswayo, izintambo nezintambo nazo kudingeka zibe nobuhlakani nokuthembeka okuphezulu.
Abakhiqizi bezintambo batshala imali ngenkuthalo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni futhi baqalise uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo yezintambo ezikhethekile ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo eziphakeme zezintambo emkhakheni omusha wamandla. Le mikhiqizo ifaka izintambo zokusekela imodyuli ye-photovoltaic ezifaneleka kakhulu ophahleni oluyisicaba, izintambo ze-lead zemodyuli yeseli yelanga zokufakwa okuzinzile, izintambo zama-pulley entambo yokucindezela yezinhlelo zokulandelela, kanye nezintambo zokushaja izinqwaba ezinokumelana okungcono nokushisa okuphezulu.
Intuthuko eluhlaza isibe yisivumelwano somhlaba wonke, futhi ugesi, njengemboni eyisisekelo yomnotho wezwe, uzothuthuka ngokungenakugwenywa ngokuya endaweni eluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi. Izintambo nezintambo ezivimbela ilangabi, ezingenayo i-halogen, ezingenantuthu ephansi, kanye nekhabhoni ephansi zifunwa kakhulu yimakethe. Abakhiqizi bekhebula banciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwemikhiqizo ngokuthuthukisa izinto nezinqubo, futhi bathuthukise imikhiqizo yekhebula ekhethekile enenani eliphakeme ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimo ezithile.
Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo
Izintambo ezintsha zamandla, ngokusebenza kwazo okuyingqayizivele, zinikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni entsha yamandla. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe obusha bamandla bukhula ngokuvuthwa kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwesidingo semakethe, isidingo sezintambo ezintsha zamandla sizoqhubeka nokukhula. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe embonini yezintambo, kodwa futhi kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkambu ezihlobene njengesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlola.
Esikhathini esizayo, ngentuthuko eqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kwezintambo zamandla ezintsha kuzoqhubeka nokuthuthuka, kubeka isisekelo sokusetshenziswa kabanzi kukagesi oluhlaza emhlabeni jikelele. Izintambo zamandla ezintsha ezisezingeni eliphezulu zizongena kancane kancane ezimpilweni zethu, zisize ekuguqulweni kwesakhiwo samandla somhlaba wonke, futhi zifake isandla kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme. Imboni yezintambo izophinde yenze ukuhlola okujulile kanye nokuzijwayeza ekuthuthukisweni okuluhlaza, futhi ithuthukise ukuncintisana kanye nenzuzo yamabhizinisi ngokudala amamodeli okusebenza ahlakaniphile nawedijithali, ikhuthaze intuthuko ehlelekile yamabhizinisi asezingeni eliphezulu naphansi ochungechungeni lwezimboni, futhi ekugcineni ifinyelele umgomo wentuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu.
Njengengxenye ebalulekile yomgwaqo wamandla wesikhathi esizayo, izintambo zamandla ezintsha zinamathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa kanye namathuba amakhulu entuthuko. Ngokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla somhlaba wonke kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe, izintambo zamandla ezintsha ngokuqinisekile zizodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuguqukeni kwamandla emhlabeni jikelele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-06-2024