Njengoba umphakathi wanamuhla uthuthuka, amanethiwekhi abe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwansuku zonke, futhi ukudluliswa kwesignali yenethiwekhi kuncike ezintanjeni zenethiwekhi (ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izintambo ze-Ethernet). Njengesakhiwo sezimboni sesimanje esihambayo olwandle, ubunjiniyela basolwandle nolwandle luya ngokuya luba ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi luhlakaniphe. Imvelo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ibeka izidingo eziphakeme esakhiweni sezintambo ze-Ethernet kanye nezinto zekhebula ezisetshenziswayo. Namuhla, sizokwethula kafushane izici zesakhiwo, izindlela zokuhlela, kanye nokulungiswa kwezinto ezibalulekile zezintambo ze-Ethernet zasolwandle.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwekhebula
(1). Ngokusho kokusebenza kokudlulisa
Izintambo ze-Ethernet esivame ukuzisebenzisa zivame ukwenziwa ngezakhiwo ezimbili ezisontekile ze-copper conductor, eziqukethe izintambo ezimbili noma eziningi ze-copper conductor, izinto zokufaka i-PE noma i-PO, ezisontekile ngamabili, bese kuba amabhangqa amane akhiwe abe ikhebula eliphelele. Ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kahle, amazinga ahlukene ezintambo angakhethwa:
Isigaba 5E (CAT5E): Igobolondo langaphandle livame ukwenziwa nge-PVC noma i-polyolefin engena-halogen enomsi ophansi, enemvamisa yokudlulisa engu-100MHz kanye nesivinini esiphezulu esingu-1000Mbps. Lisetshenziswa kabanzi kumanethiwekhi asekhaya nasehhovisi elijwayelekile.
Isigaba 6 (CAT6): Isebenzisa abaqhubi bethusi abasezingeni eliphezulu kanyei-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphezulu (i-HDPE)izinto zokuvikela, ezinesihlukanisi sesakhiwo, okwandisa i-bandwidth ibe yi-250MHz ukuze kudluliselwe kahle.
Isigaba 6A (CAT6A): Imvamisa iyanda ifike ku-500MHz, izinga lokudlulisa lifinyelela ku-10Gbps, ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-aluminium foil Mylar tape njengezinto zokuvikela ezimbili, futhi ihlanganiswa nezinto ze-halogen ezingenayo i-sheath ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze zisetshenziswe ezikhungweni zedatha.
Isigaba 7 / 7A (CAT7/CAT7A): Isebenzisa umqhubi wethusi ongenawo umoya-mpilo ongu-0.57mm, i-pair ngayinye ivikelwe ngeItheyiphu ye-Mylar foil+ ukuluka kwentambo yethusi okusethini, okuthuthukisa ubuqotho besiginali kanye nokusekela ukudluliselwa kwesivinini esiphezulu kwe-10Gbps.
Isigaba 8 (CAT8): Isakhiwo siyi-SFTP esinesivikelo esinezingqimba ezimbili (itheyiphu ye-aluminium foil Mylar yebhangqa ngalinye + ukuluka okuphelele), futhi isigxobo ngokuvamile siyinto ye-XLPo sheath evimbela ilangabi kakhulu, esekela isivinini esifika ku-2000MHz kanye ne-40Gbps, efanelekile ekuxhumekeni kwemishini ezindaweni zedatha.
(2). Ngokusho kweSakhiwo Sokuvikela
Ngokuya ngokuthi izinto zokuvikela ziyasetshenziswa yini esakhiweni, izintambo ze-Ethernet zingahlukaniswa zibe:
I-UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair): Isebenzisa kuphela izinto zokuvikela ze-PO noma ze-HDPE ezingenazo izivikelo ezengeziwe, izindleko eziphansi, ezifanele izindawo ezinokuphazamiseka okuncane kwe-electromagnetic.
I-STP (I-Shielded Twisted Pair): Isebenzisa i-aluminium foil Mylar tape noma i-copper wire braid njengento yokuvikela, okuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuphazamiseka, futhi ifanele izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-electromagnetic.
Izintambo ze-Marine Ethernet zivame ukubhekana nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-electromagnetic, okudinga izakhiwo zokuvikela eziphakeme. Ukulungiswa okuvamile kufaka phakathi:
I-F/UTP: Isebenzisa i-aluminium foil Mylar tape njengesendlalelo sokuvikela, esifanele i-CAT5E kanye ne-CAT6, evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulawula ezingaphakathi.
I-SF/UTP: Itheyiphu ye-Aluminium foil Mylar + isivikelo se-braid copper esingenalutho, esithuthukisa ukumelana kwe-EMI iyonke, evame ukusetshenziswa ngamandla olwandle kanye nokudluliselwa kwesignali.
I-S/FTP: Ipheya ngalinye elisontekile lisebenzisa i-aluminium foil Mylar tape ukuze livikeleke ngabanye, ngesendlalelo sangaphandle sentambo yethusi ukuze livikeleke ngokuphelele, lihlanganiswe nezinto ze-XLP sheath ezivimbela ilangabi kakhulu. Lesi yisakhiwo esivamile se-CAT6A kanye nezintambo ezingaphezulu.
2. Umehluko kumakhebula e-Marine Ethernet
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ze-Ethernet ezisekelwe emhlabeni, izintambo ze-Ethernet zasolwandle zinomehluko ocacile ekukhetheni izinto kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo. Ngenxa yendawo yasolwandle enzima—inkungu enosawoti omningi, umswakama ophezulu, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-electromagnetic, imisebe ye-UV enamandla, kanye nokusha—izinto zekhebula kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziphakeme zokuphepha, ukuqina, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemishini.
(1). Izidingo Ezijwayelekile
Izintambo ze-Marine Ethernet zivame ukuklanywa ngokwe-IEC 61156-5 kanye ne-IEC 61156-6. Ukufakwa kwezintambo okuvundlile kuvame ukusebenzisa ama-conductor ethusi aqinile ahlanganiswe nezinto zokufaka i-HDPE ukuze kufezwe ibanga lokudlulisela elingcono kanye nokuqina; izintambo zokubopha emakamelweni edatha zisebenzisa ama-conductor ethusi aboshwe nge-PO noma i-PE insulation ethambile ukuze kube lula ukuhambisa ezindaweni ezixineneyo.
(2). Ukumelana Nomlilo Nokumelana Nomlilo
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala komlilo, izintambo ze-Ethernet zasolwandle zivame ukusebenzisa izinto ze-polyolefin ezingenayo intuthu encane ye-halogen (njenge-LSZH, i-XLPO, njll.) ukuze zifake isivikelo, zihlangabezane nezindinganiso ze-IEC 60332 flame retardant, i-IEC 60754 (engenayo i-halogen), kanye ne-IEC 61034 (intuthu encane). Ezinhlelweni ezibalulekile, i-mica tape nezinye izinto ezingamelani nomlilo zengezwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso ze-IEC 60331 zokumelana nomlilo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yokuxhumana igcinwa ngesikhathi sezehlakalo zomlilo.
(3). Ukumelana Nokugqwala, Ukumelana Nokugqwala, kanye Nesakhiwo Sezivikelo
Ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwezwe ezifana nama-FPSO nama-dredger, izintambo ze-Ethernet zivame ukuchayeka ku-oyili kanye nemidiya ebolile. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwe-sheath, kusetshenziswa izinto ze-cross-linked polyolefin sheath (SHF2) noma izinto ze-SHF2 MUD ezingamelani nodaka, ezihambisana nezindinganiso zokumelana namakhemikhali ze-NEK 606. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla omshini, izintambo zingafakwa izivikelo nge-galvanized steel wire braid (GSWB) noma i-tinned copper wire braid (TCWB), enikeza amandla okucindezela kanye nokudonsa, kanye nokuvikela i-electromagnetic ukuvikela ubuqotho besiginali.
(4). Ukumelana ne-UV kanye nokusebenza kokuguga
Izintambo ze-Marine Ethernet zivame ukuchayeka elangeni eliqondile, ngakho-ke izinto ze-sheath kumele zibe nokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-UV. Ngokuvamile, i-polyolefin sheathing ene-carbon black noma izithasiselo ezimelana ne-UV iyasetshenziswa futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuguga ze-UL1581 noma ze-ASTM G154-16 UV ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza ngokomzimba kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo ezindaweni eziphezulu ze-UV.
Ngamafuphi, yonke ingqimba yomklamo wekhebula le-Ethernet yasolwandle ihlobene kakhulu nokukhethwa ngokucophelela kwezinto zekhebula. Ama-conductor ethusi asezingeni eliphezulu, izinto zokufaka i-HDPE noma i-PO insulation, i-aluminium foil Mylar tape, i-copper wire braid, i-mica tape, izinto ze-XLPO sheath, kanye nezinto ze-SHF2 sheath ndawonye zakha uhlelo lwekhebula lokuxhumana olukwazi ukumelana nezimo zasolwandle ezinzima. Njengomhlinzeki wezinto zekhebula, siyaqonda ukubaluleka kwekhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo ekusebenzeni kwekhebula lonke futhi sizibophezele ekuhlinzekeni ngezixazululo zezinto ezithembekile, eziphephile, nezisebenza kahle kakhulu zezimboni zasolwandle nezasogwini lolwandle.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-16-2025