Kule nkathi yokuthuthukiswa kolwazi ngokushesha, ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana buye baba umfutho oyinhloko wokuqhuba inqubekelaphambili yomphakathi. Kusukela ekuxhumaneni kwamaselula kwansuku zonke nokufinyelela kwe-inthanethi kuya ezishintshayo zezimboni nokuqapha okukude, izintambo zokuxhumana zisebenza “njengemigwaqo emikhulu” yokudlulisa ulwazi futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile. Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezintambo zokuxhumana, ikhebula le-coaxial livelele ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele nokusebenza okuphakeme, okusele kungenye yemidiya ebaluleke kakhulu yokudluliselwa kwesignali.
Umlando wentambo ye-coaxial uhlehlela emuva ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngokuvela nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana ngomsakazo, bekunesidingo esiphuthumayo sekhebuli ekwazi ukudlulisa ngempumelelo amasignali amaza aphezulu. Ngo-1880, usosayensi waseBrithani u-Oliver Heaviside waqala ukuphakamisa umqondo wentambo ye-coaxial futhi waklama isakhiwo sayo esiyisisekelo. Ngemva kokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, izintambo zamakhoaxial kancane kancane zathola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi emkhakheni wezokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi kumabonakude wezintambo, ukuxhumana kwamafrikhwensi omsakazo, nezinhlelo ze-radar.
Nokho, lapho sigxilisa ukugxila kwethu ezindaweni zasolwandle—ikakhulukazi phakathi kwemikhumbi nobunjiniyela basogwini lolwandle—amakhebuli angama-coaxial abhekana nezinselele eziningi. Indawo yasolwandle iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyashintshashintsha. Ngesikhathi sokuzulazula, imikhumbi ivezwa umthelela wamagagasi, ukugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe. Lezi zimo ezinzima zenza izimfuno eziphezulu ekusebenzeni kwekhebula, okubangela ikhebula le-marine coaxial. Iklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izindawo zasolwandle, izintambo ze-marine coaxial zinikeza ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokuvikela kanye nokumelana okuphakeme nokuphazanyiswa nguzibuthe kagesi, okuzenza zifanelekele ukudluliswa kwebanga elide kanye nomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, ukuxhumana kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima zasogwini, izintambo zasolwandle ezinama-coaxial zingadlulisela amasignali ngokuzinza nangokuthembekile.
Ikhebula le-coaxial yasolwandle ikhebula lokuxhumana elisebenza kahle kakhulu elithuthukiswe kukho kokubili ukwakheka nokokusebenza ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezinzima zezindawo zasolwandle. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ezijwayelekile ze-coaxial, izintambo ze-coaxial zasolwandle zihluka kakhulu ekukhethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo.
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sekhebula le-coaxial yasolwandle sinezingxenye ezine: i-conductor yangaphakathi, isendlalelo sokuhlukanisa, i-coaxial yangaphandle, ne-sheath. Lo mklamo uvumela ukudluliswa kwesiginali yemvamisa ephezulu okusebenzayo ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuncishiswa kwesignali nokuphazamiseka.
I-Inner Conductor: I-conductor yangaphakathi iwumgogodla wentambo ye-coaxial yasolwandle, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngethusi elihlanzekile kakhulu. Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-Copper kuqinisekisa ukulahleka kwesignali okuncane ngesikhathi sokudlulisa. Ububanzi kanye nokuma kwe-conductor yangaphakathi kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kokudlulisela futhi kulungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ukudluliselwa okuzinzile ezimeni zasolwandle.
I-Insulation Layer: Ibekwe phakathi kwamakhondaktha angaphakathi nangaphandle, isendlalelo sokugquma sivimbela ukuvuza kwesignali namasekhethi amafushane. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kumele ziveze izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-dielectric, amandla emishini, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti, amazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi. Izinto ezijwayelekile zifaka i-PTFE (i-polytetrafluoroethylene) kanye ne-Foam Polyethylene (Foam PE)—zombili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezintanjeni ze-marine coaxial ukuzinza nokusebenza kwazo ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu.
I-Conductor Yangaphandle: Isebenza njengesendlalelo esivikelayo, ikhondakta yangaphandle ngokuvamile iqukethe intambo yethusi eboshwe ngensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-aluminium foil. Ivikela isignali ekuphazamisekeni kwangaphandle kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). Ezintamboni ze-coaxial zasolwandle, isakhiwo esivikelayo siyaqiniswa ukuze kube nokuphikiswa okukhulu kwe-EMI nokusebenza okulwa nokudlidliza, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesignali ngisho nasolwandle olugubhayo.
I-Sheath: Isendlalelo esingaphandle kakhulu sivikela ikhebula emonakalweni wokusebenza kanye nokuchayeka kwemvelo. Umgodla wekhebula le-marine coaxial kumele ungalibali ilangabi, umelane nemihuzuko, futhi umelane nokugqwala. Izinto ezivamile zihlanganisaI-low smoke halogen-free (LSZH)polyolefin futhiI-PVC (i-polyvinyl chloride). Lezi zinto azikhethwanga kuphela ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zokuzivikela kodwa futhi ukuze zihambisane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuphepha zasolwandle.
Izintambo ze-coaxial zasolwandle zingahlukaniswa ngezindlela eziningana:
Ngesakhiwo:
Intambo ye-coaxial yesihlangu esisodwa: Ifaka ungqimba olulodwa lwesivikelo (umluko noma i-foil) futhi ifanele izindawo ezijwayelekile zokudlulisela isignali.
Intambo ye-coaxial enezihlangu ezikabili: Iqukethe kokubili ucwecwe lwe-aluminium kanye nomluko wentambo yethusi ethayiwe, enikeza ukuvikeleka kwe-EMI okuthuthukisiwe—ilungele izindawo ezinomsindo kagesi.
Ikhebula le-armored coaxial: Yengeza intambo yensimbi noma isendlalelo se-armor yensimbi ukuze ivikeleke ngomshini ekucindezelekeni okuphezulu noma ezisetshenziswa zasolwandle eziveziwe.
Ngokuvama:
Ikhebuli ye-coaxial ephansi: Idizayinelwe amasiginali wefrikhwensi ephansi njengedatha yomsindo noma enesivinini esiphansi. Lawa makhebuli ngokuvamile ane-conductor encane kanye ne-insulation encane.
Intambo ye-coaxial ephezulu-frequency: Isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa isignali yemvamisa ephezulu njengamasistimu e-radar noma ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi, evame ukufaka amakhondatha amakhulu kanye nezinto ezifakwayo ezingaguquki ezine-dielectric ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncishana nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle.
Ngesicelo:
Intambo ye-radar ye-coaxial: Idinga ukuncishiswa okuphansi kanye nokumelana okuphezulu kwe-EMI ukuze kudluliselwe isignali ye-radar enembile.
Intambo yesathelayithi ye-coaxial: Idizayinelwe ukudlulisa ibanga elide, imvamisa ephezulu enokumelana okuqinile namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Intambo ye-coaxial yesistimu yokuzulazula yasolwandle: Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuzulazula ezibucayi, ezidinga ukwethembeka okuphezulu, ukumelana nokudlidliza, nokumelana nokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti.
Intambo ye-coaxial yesistimu yokuzijabulisa yasolwandle: Idlulisa amasiginali we-TV nomsindo ebhodini futhi idinga ubuqotho besignali obuhle kakhulu nokumelana nokuphazamiseka.
Izimfuneko zokusebenza:
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile ezindaweni zasolwandle, izintambo ze-marine coaxial kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile ezithile:
Ukumelana Nesifutho Sosawoti: Usawoti omningi wezindawo zasolwandle udala ukugqwala okuqinile. Izinto zekhebula le-coaxial zasolwandle kufanele zimelane nokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti ukugwema ukuwohloka kwesikhathi eside.
I-Electromagnetic Interference Resistance: Imikhumbi ikhiqiza i-EMI eqinile kusuka kumasistimu amaningi angaphakathi. Izinto zokuvikela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nezakhiwo ezinezihlangu ezimbili ziqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwesignali okuzinzile.
Ukumelana Nokudlidliza: Ukuzulazula olwandle kubangela ukudlidliza okuqhubekayo. Intambo ye-coaxial yasolwandle kufanele iqine ngokomshini ukuze imelane nokunyakaza nokushaqeka okuqhubekayo.
Ukumelana Nezinga lokushisa: Ngamazinga okushisa asukela ku -40°C kuya ku-+70°C ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zolwandle, ikhebula le-coaxial lasolwandle kufanele ligcine ukusebenza okungaguquki ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukubambezeleka Kwelangabi: Uma kuba nomlilo, ukusha kwekhebula akumele kukhiphe intuthu eyeqile noma amagesi anobuthi. Ngakho-ke, izintambo ze-coaxial zasolwandle zisebenzisa izinto ezingenantuthu ephansi ye-halogen ezithobela i-IEC 60332 flame retardancy, kanye ne-IEC 60754-1/2 kanye ne-IEC 61034-1/2 intuthu ephansi, izidingo ezingenayo i-halogen.
Ukwengeza, izintambo ze-marine coaxial kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokunikeza izitifiketi ezivela ku-International Maritime Organization (IMO) kanye nezinhlangano ezihlukanisayo ezifana ne-DNV, ABS, ne-CCS, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo nokuphepha ezinhlelweni ezibucayi zasolwandle.
Mayelana ne-ONE WORLD
I-ONE WORLD igxile ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zokukhiqiza izintambo nezintambo. Sihlinzeka ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zamakhebuli angama-coaxial, okuhlanganisa i-coaxial tape, i-aluminium foil tape ye-Mylar, kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-LSZH, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu olwandle, i-telecom, kanye nezicelo zamandla. Ngekhwalithi enokwethenjelwa nokusekelwa kochwepheshe, sisebenzela abakhiqizi bezintambo emhlabeni wonke.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-26-2025