Kulesi sikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kolwazi okusheshayo, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana sebuyinto ebalulekile ekuqhubekiseni intuthuko yomphakathi. Kusukela ekuxhumaneni kweselula kwansuku zonke kanye nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi kuya ezenzakalelayo zezimboni kanye nokuqapha okude, izintambo zokuxhumana zisebenza “njengezindlela ezinkulu” zokudlulisa ulwazi futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile. Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezintambo zokuxhumana, ikhebula le-coaxial livelele ngenxa yesakhiwo salo esiyingqayizivele kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu, lihlala lingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokudlulisa isignali.
Umlando wekhebula le-coaxial uqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngokuvela nokuguquka kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana ngomsakazo, kwaba nesidingo esiphuthumayo sekhebula elikwazi ukudlulisa ngempumelelo amasignali asebenzisa imvamisa ephezulu. Ngo-1880, usosayensi waseBrithani u-Oliver Heaviside waqala ukuphakamisa umqondo wekhebula le-coaxial futhi waklama isakhiwo salo esiyisisekelo. Ngemva kokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, izintambo ze-coaxial kancane kancane zathola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi emkhakheni wokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi kuthelevishini yekhebula, ukuxhumana ngemvamisa yomsakazo, kanye nezinhlelo ze-radar.
Kodwa-ke, uma sishintsha ukugxila kwethu ezindaweni zasolwandle—ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kwemikhumbi kanye nobunjiniyela basogwini lolwandle—izintambo ze-coaxial zibhekene nezinselele eziningi. Indawo yasolwandle iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyashintshashintsha. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, imikhumbi ibhekene nokushayisana kwamagagasi, ukugqwala kwe-salt spray, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Lezi zimo ezinzima zibeka izidingo eziphezulu ekusebenzeni kwekhebula, okwenza ikhebula le-coaxial lasolwandle likhule. Eklanyelwe ngqo izindawo zasolwandle, izintambo ze-coaxial zasolwandle zinikeza ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokuvikela kanye nokumelana okuphezulu nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, okwenza zifanelekele ukudluliselwa ibanga elide kanye nokuxhumana kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima zasogwini lolwandle, izintambo ze-coaxial zasolwandle zingadlulisela izimpawu ngokuqina nangokuthembekile.
Ikhebula le-coaxial lasolwandle liyikhebula lokuxhumana elisebenza kahle kakhulu elilungiselelwe kokubili isakhiwo kanye nezinto zokwakha ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zezindawo zasolwandle. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ze-coaxial ezijwayelekile, izintambo ze-coaxial zasolwandle zihluka kakhulu ekukhetheni izinto kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo.
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sekhebula le-coaxial lasolwandle siqukethe izingxenye ezine: umqhubi wangaphakathi, ungqimba lokufaka ugesi, umqhubi wangaphandle, kanye ne-sheath. Lo mklamo uvumela ukudluliselwa kwesignali okusebenzayo okunemvamisa ephezulu ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuncishiswa kwesignali kanye nokuphazamiseka.
Umqhubi Wangaphakathi: Umqhubi wangaphakathi uwumgogodla wekhebula le-coaxial lasolwandle, ngokuvamile elenziwe ngethusi elihlanzekile kakhulu. Umqhubi omuhle kakhulu we-Copper uqinisekisa ukulahleka okuncane kwesiginali ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa. Ububanzi kanye nesimo somqhubi wangaphakathi kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kokudluliselwa futhi kulungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ukudluliselwa okuzinzile ezimweni zasolwandle.
Isendlalelo Sokufudumeza: Njengoba sibekwe phakathi kwama-conductor angaphakathi nangaphandle, isendlalelo sokufudumeza sivimbela ukuvuza kwesignali kanye nama-short circuits. Izinto kumele zibonise izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-dielectric, amandla omshini, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-salt spray, amazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi. Izinto ezivamile zifaka i-PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) kanye ne-Foam Polyethylene (Foam PE)—zombili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-marine coaxial cables ngenxa yokuqina nokusebenza kwazo ezindaweni ezidinga amandla.
I-Conductor Yangaphandle: Esebenza njengengqimba yokuvikela, i-conductor yangaphandle ngokuvamile iqukethe ukuluka kwentambo yethusi efakwe ethini kuhlanganiswe ne-aluminium foil. Ivikela isignali ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle (EMI). Ezintanjeni ze-coaxial zasolwandle, isakhiwo sokuvikela siyaqiniswa ukuze kuvinjwe kakhulu i-EMI kanye nokusebenza kokulwa nokudlidliza, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesignali ngisho nasezilwandle ezivunguvungu.
Isivikelo: Ingqimba engaphandle ivikela ikhebula ekulimaleni kwemishini nasekuchayweni kwemvelo. Isivikelo sekhebula le-coaxial lasolwandle kumele sigweme umlilo, singagugi, futhi singagqwali. Izinto ezivamile zifaka phakathii-halogen engenantuthu ephansi (LSZH)i-polyolefin kanyeI-PVC (i-polyvinyl chloride)Lezi zinto azikhethwanga nje kuphela ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zokuvikela kodwa futhi ukuze zihambisane nezindinganiso zokuphepha zasolwandle eziqinile.
Izintambo ze-coaxial zasemanzini zingahlukaniswa ngezindlela eziningana:
Ngokwesakhiwo:
Ikhebula le-coaxial elinesivikelo esisodwa: Linongqimba olulodwa lokuvikela (i-braid noma i-foil) futhi lifanelekela izindawo ezijwayelekile zokudlulisa isignali.
Ikhebula le-coaxial elinesivikelo esikabili: Liqukethe kokubili i-aluminium foil kanye ne-copper wire braid efakwe ethini, elinikeza ukuvikelwa kwe-EMI okuthuthukisiwe—okufanelekela izindawo ezinomsindo kagesi.
Ikhebula le-coaxial elihlomile: Lifaka ucingo lwensimbi noma ungqimba lwe-armor lwetheyiphu yensimbi ukuze luvikeleke ngomshini ezindaweni ezisetshenziswayo zasolwandle ezicindezelekile kakhulu noma ezivezwe obala.
Ngokuvama:
Ikhebula le-coaxial elinomthamo ophansi: Lakhelwe amasignali anomthamo ophansi njengedatha yomsindo noma yesivinini esiphansi. Lezi zintambo ngokuvamile zine-conductor encane kanye ne-insulation encane.
Ikhebula le-coaxial elinomthamo ophezulu: Lisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa isignali enomkhondo ophezulu njengezinhlelo ze-radar noma ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi, ngokuvamile liqukethe ama-conductor amakhulu kanye nezinto zokushisa ezihlala njalo ze-dielectric ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncishiswa nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle.
Ngesicelo:
Ikhebula le-coaxial lesistimu ye-radar: Lidinga ukuncishiswa okuphansi kanye nokumelana okuphezulu kwe-EMI ukuze kudluliselwe isignali ye-radar enembile.
Ikhebula le-coaxial lokuxhumana ngesathelayithi: Lakhelwe ukudlulisa okude, okuvamise kakhulu futhi okumelana kakhulu namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Ikhebula le-coaxial lesistimu yokuzulazula yasolwandle: Lisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuzulazula ezibalulekile, lidinga ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukumelana nokudlidliza, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-salt spray.
Ikhebula le-coaxial lesistimu yokuzijabulisa yasemanzini: Lidlulisela amasignali e-TV nomsindo ebhodini futhi lidinga ubuqotho obuhle kakhulu besignali kanye nokumelana nokuphazamiseka.
Izidingo Zokusebenza:
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile ezindaweni zasolwandle, izintambo ze-coaxial zasolwandle kumele zihlangabezane nezidingo eziningana ezithile:
Ukumelana Nokufuthwa Ngosawoti: Ubuningi bosawoti ezindaweni zasolwandle bubangela ukugqwala okunamandla. Izinto zekhebula le-coaxial lasolwandle kumele zimelane nokugqwala kokufuthwa ngosawoti ukuze kugwenywe ukuwohloka kwesikhathi eside.
Ukumelana Nokuphazamiseka Kwe-Electromagnetic: Imikhumbi ikhiqiza i-EMI enamandla evela ezinhlelweni eziningi ezingaphakathi. Izinto zokuvikela ezisebenza kahle kanye nezakhiwo ezinezivikelo ezimbili ziqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwesignali okuzinzile.
Ukumelana Nokudlidliza: Ukuzulazula olwandle kubangela ukudlidliza okuqhubekayo. Ikhebula le-coaxial lolwandle kumele libe namandla ngokwemishini ukuze likwazi ukumelana nokunyakaza okuqhubekayo kanye nokushaqeka.
Ukumelana Nokushisa: Njengoba amazinga okushisa esukela ku--40°C kuya ku-+70°C ezindaweni ezahlukene zolwandle, ikhebula le-coaxial lasolwandle kumele ligcine ukusebenza okufanayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukumelana Nomlilo: Uma kwenzeka umlilo, ukusha kwekhebula akumele kukhiphe intuthu eningi noma amagesi anobuthi. Ngakho-ke, izintambo ze-coaxial zasolwandle zisebenzisa izinto ezingenayo i-halogen enomusi ophansi ezihambisana nezidingo ze-IEC 60332 zokumelana nomlilo, kanye nezimfuneko ze-IEC 60754-1/2 kanye ne-IEC 61034-1/2 zokungabi nentuthu ephansi, ezingenayo i-halogen.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintambo ze-coaxial zasolwandle kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zesitifiketi ezivela kwi-International Maritime Organisation (IMO) kanye nezinhlangano zokuhlukanisa njenge-DNV, ABS, kanye ne-CCS, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo kanye nokuphepha kwazo ezicelweni ezibalulekile zasolwandle.
Mayelana ne-ONE WORLD
I-ONE WORLD igxile ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza ucingo kanye nezintambo. Sihlinzeka ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zezintambo ze-coaxial, okuhlanganisa i-copper tape, i-aluminium foil Mylar tape, kanye nama-LSZH compounds, asetshenziswa kabanzi ezisetshenziswa olwandle, ezokuxhumana kanye namandla. Ngekhwalithi ethembekile kanye nokusekelwa kobungcweti, siphakela abakhiqizi bezintambo emhlabeni jikelele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-26-2025