Izintambo ezingashi ziyindlela yokuphila yokuqinisekisa ukuxhumana kwamandla ezakhiweni nasezindaweni zezimboni ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu. Nakuba ukusebenza kwazo okuhle kakhulu komlilo kubalulekile, ukungena komswakama kudala ingozi efihliwe kodwa evame kakhulu engafaka kabi ukusebenza kukagesi, ukuqina kwesikhathi eside, futhi kuholele nasekuhlulekeni komsebenzi wazo wokuvikela umlilo. Njengoba ochwepheshe begxile kakhulu emkhakheni wezinto zekhebula, i-ONE WORLD iyaqonda ukuthi ukuvimbela umswakama wekhebula kuyinkinga ehlelekile ehlanganisa lonke uchungechunge kusukela ekukhetheni izinto eziyinhloko ezifana nama-insulation compounds kanye nama-sheathing compounds, kuya ekufakweni, ekwakhiweni, kanye nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo. Lesi sihloko sizokwenza ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwezinto ezifaka umswakama, kusukela ezicini zezinto eziyinhloko ezifana ne-LSZH, XLPE, kanye ne-Magnesium Oxide.
1. I-Cable Ontology: Izinto Eziyinhloko kanye Nesakhiwo Njengesisekelo Sokuvimbela Umswakama
Ukumelana nomswakama kwekhebula elingashi kunqunywa ngokuyisisekelo yizakhiwo kanye nomklamo ohambisanayo wezinto zalo eziyinhloko zekhebula.
Umqhubi: Ama-conductor ethusi noma e-aluminium ahlanzekile kakhulu nawo azinzile ngamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, uma umswakama ungena, ungabangela ukugqwala okuqhubekayo kwe-electrochemical, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesigaba somqhubi, ukumelana okwandisiwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho kube yindawo engaba yindawo yokushisa ngokweqile kwendawo.
Isendlalelo Sokuvimbela Umswakama: Isithiyo Esiyinhloko Esimelene Nomswakama
Ama-Inorganic Mineral Insulation Compounds (isb., Magnesium Oxide, Mica): Izinto ezifana ne-Magnesium Oxide ne-Mica azishi futhi zimelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, isakhiwo esincane kakhulu se-powder noma i-mica tape laminations yazo siqukethe izikhala ezingokwemvelo ezingaba kalula izindlela zokusabalala komphunga wamanzi. Ngakho-ke, izintambo ezisebenzisa ama-insulation compounds anjalo (isb., Ama-Mineral Insulated Cables) kumele zithembele ku-metal sheath eqhubekayo (isb., ithubhu yethusi) ukuze kufezwe ukuvalwa kwe-hermetic. Uma le sheath yensimbi yonakele ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa noma ukufakwa, ukungena komswakama endaweni yokuvikela njenge-Magnesium Oxide kuzobangela ukwehla okukhulu kokumelana kwayo nokuvikela.
Ama-Polymer Insulation Compounds (isb., XLPE): Ukumelana nomswakamaI-Polyethylene Exhumene Neziphambano (XLPE)Ivela esakhiweni senethiwekhi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu esakhiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxhumanisa. Lesi sakhiwo sithuthukisa kakhulu ubuningi be-polymer, sivimbela ngempumelelo ukungena kwama-molecule amanzi. Ama-insulation compounds e-XLPE asezingeni eliphezulu abonisa ukumuncwa kwamanzi okuphansi kakhulu (ngokuvamile <0.1%). Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-XLPE ephansi noma endala eneziphambeko ingakha iziteshi zokumuncwa komswakama ngenxa yokuphuka kweketanga lama-molecule, okuholela ekuwohlokeni okungapheli kokusebenza kokufaka umswakama.
Isivikelo: Umugqa Wokuqala Wokuzivikela Emvelweni
I-Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) Sheathing Compound Ephansi: Ukumelana nomswakama kanye nokumelana ne-hydrolysis kwezinto ze-LSZH kuncike ngqo ekwakhiweni kokwakheka kanye nokuhambisana phakathi kwe-polymer matrix yayo (isb., i-polyolefin) kanye nama-inorganic hydroxide fillers (isb., i-Aluminium Hydroxide, i-Magnesium Hydroxide). I-LSZH sheathing compound esezingeni eliphezulu kumele, ngenkathi inikeza ukuvimbela ilangabi, ifinyelele ukumuncwa kwamanzi okuphansi kanye nokumelana okuhle kwe-hydrolysis yesikhathi eside ngezinqubo zokwakheka ezicophelelayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kokuvikela ezindaweni ezimanzi noma eziqoqana ngamanzi.
Isivikelo Sensimbi (isb., Itheyiphu Ehlanganisiwe Ye-Aluminium-Plastic): Njengesithiyo somswakama esivamile se-radial, ukusebenza kahle kwetheyiphu Ehlanganisiwe Ye-Aluminium-Plastic kuncike kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokucubungula nokuvala ekuhlanganiseni kwayo okude. Uma isivikelo esisebenzisa inhlaka encibilikayo eshisayo kule ndawo yokuhlangana singaqhubeki noma sinephutha, ubuqotho besivikelo sonke buyaphazamiseka kakhulu.
2. Ukufakwa Nokwakhiwa: Ukuhlolwa Kwensimu Kohlelo Lokuvikela Izinto
Amacala okungena komswakama wekhebula angaphezu kuka-80% ayenzeka ngesikhathi sokufakwa kanye nesigaba sokwakhiwa. Ikhwalithi yokwakha inquma ngqo ukuthi ukumelana komswakama okungokwemvelo kwekhebula kungasetshenziswa ngokugcwele.
Ukulawulwa Kwemvelo Okungafanele: Ukwenza ikhebula libekiwe, lisikwe, futhi lihlanganiswe ezindaweni ezinomswakama ongaphezu kuka-85% kubangela ukuthi umhwamuko wamanzi ovela emoyeni uqine ngokushesha ezinsikeni zekhebula kanye nasezindaweni eziveziwe zama-insulation compounds nezinto zokugcwalisa. Kumakhebula afakwe i-Magnesium Oxide mineral insulated, isikhathi sokuchayeka kumele silinganiselwe; ngaphandle kwalokho, i-Magnesium Oxide powder izomunca ngokushesha umswakama ovela emoyeni.
Amaphutha kubuchwepheshe bokuvala kanye nezinto ezisizayo:
Amajoyinti Nokuqedwa: Amapayipi okunciphisa ukushisa, iziphetho zokunciphisa ukubanda, noma izivalo ezithululiwe ezisetshenziswa lapha yizona zixhumanisi ezibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokuvikela umswakama. Uma lezi zinto zokuvala zinamandla anele okuncipha, amandla anganele okunamathela ekwakhiweni kwe-cable sheathing (isb., i-LSZH), noma ukumelana nokuguga okungekuhle, ziba izinqamuleli zokungena komphunga wamanzi ngokushesha.
Amapayipi kanye Namathileyi Ekhebula: Ngemva kokufakwa kwekhebula, uma iziphetho zepayipi zingavalwanga kahle nge-putty noma i-sealant yobuchwepheshe engashisi umlilo, ipayipi liba “i-culvert” eqoqa umswakama noma ngisho namanzi amile, okuguguleka njalo igobolondo langaphandle lekhebula.
Umonakalo Wemishini: Ukugoba ngale kwerediyasi encane yokugoba ngesikhathi sokufakwa, ukudonsa ngamathuluzi abukhali, noma imiphetho ebukhali endleleni yokubeka kungabangela imihuzuko engabonakali, ukugoba, noma imifantu emincane ku-LSZH sheath noma i-Aluminium-Plastic Composite Tape, okonakalisa unomphela ubuqotho bayo bokuvala.
3. Ukusebenza, Ukugcinwa, kanye Nemvelo: Ukuqina Kwezinto Ngaphansi Kwesevisi Yesikhathi Eside
Ngemva kokuthi ikhebula seliqaliswe ukusebenza, ukumelana kwalo nomswakama kuncike ekuqineni kwezinto zekhebula ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kwemvelo kwesikhathi eside.
Ukuqapha Ukugcinwa:
Ukuvalwa noma ukulimala okungafanele kwezembozo zekhebula/imithombo kuvumela amanzi emvula kanye nokujiya kwamanzi ukungena ngqo. Ukucwiliswa isikhathi eside kuvivinya kakhulu imikhawulo yokumelana ne-hydrolysis ye-LSZH sheathing compound.
Ukwehluleka ukusungula uhlelo lokuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile kuvimbela ukutholwa kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kwezivalo zokuvala ezindala, eziqhekekile, amapayipi okunciphisa ukushisa, nezinye izinto zokuvala.
Imiphumela Yokuguga Yokucindezeleka Kwemvelo Ezintweni Ezisetshenziswayo:
Ukujikeleza Kwezinga Lokushisa: Umehluko wokushisa wezinsuku zonke nowesizini ubangela "umphumela wokuphefumula" ngaphakathi kwekhebula. Lokhu kucindezeleka okujikelezayo, okusebenza isikhathi eside ezintweni ze-polymer ezifana ne-XLPE ne-LSZH, kungabangela ukukhubazeka okuncane kokukhathala, okudala izimo zokugcwala komswakama.
Ukugqwala Kwamakhemikhali: Enhlabathini ene-acidic/alkaline noma ezindaweni zezimboni eziqukethe imithombo yokugqwala, kokubili amaketanga e-polymer e-LSZH sheath kanye nama-sheath ensimbi angahlaselwa ngamakhemikhali, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwezinto, ukubhoboza, kanye nokulahlekelwa umsebenzi wokuvikela.
Isiphetho kanye Nezincomo
Ukuvimbela umswakama ezintanjeni ezingashisi kuyiphrojekthi ehlelekile edinga ukuhlanganiswa okunezinhlangothi eziningi kusukela ngaphakathi kuya ngaphandle. Iqala ngezinto zekhebula eziyinhloko - njengezakhi zokufaka umswakama ze-XLPE ezinesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe esiqinile, izakhi zokufaka umswakama ze-LSZH ezingamelana ne-hydrolysis ezakhiwe ngokwesayensi, kanye nezinhlelo zokufaka umswakama ze-Magnesium Oxide ezithembele ezintanjeni zensimbi ukuze zivale ngokuphelele. Kufezwa ngokwakhiwa okujwayelekile kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqinile kwezinto ezisizayo njengezithiyo kanye namashubhu okunciphisa ukushisa. Futhi ekugcineni kuncike ekuphathweni kokulungiswa okubikezelayo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuthola imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezinto zekhebula ezisebenza kahle kakhulu (isb., i-LSZH ephezulu, i-XLPE, i-Magnesium Oxide) futhi enomklamo oqinile wesakhiwo kuyitshe eliyisisekelo lokwakha ukumelana nomswakama kuyo yonke imjikelezo yempilo yekhebula. Ukuqonda ngokujulile nokuhlonipha izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zezinto zekhebula ngayinye kuyisiqalo sokuhlonza, ukuhlola, nokuvimbela izingozi zokungena komswakama ngempumelelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-27-2025