Ezindaweni ezimbozwe yiqhwa neqhwa, ukukhethwa kwekhebula elilodwa kungathinta ukuphepha nokuzinza kwesistimu yonke yamandla. Ezindaweni zasebusika ezibucayi, izintambo ezijwayelekile zokushisa ze-PVC kanye nezintambo ze-PVC sheath zingaba buthakathaka, ziqhekeke kalula, futhi zinciphise ukusebenza kukagesi, okungabangela ukwehluleka noma izingozi zokuphepha. Ngokusho kwe-Power Engineering Cable Design Standard, izindawo ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi angaphansi kuka--15°C zidinga izintambo ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa, kanti izifunda ezingaphansi kuka--25°C zidinga izintambo zamandla eziklanywe ngokukhethekile ezingabandi, izintambo ezivikelwe, noma izintambo ezivikelwe nge-tape yensimbi.
1. Umthelela Womkhuhlane Onzima Ezintanjeni
Izintambo ezisezingeni lokushisa eliphansi zibhekene nezinselele eziningi. Ukuqhekeka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kuyinkinga eqondile kakhulu. Izintambo zikagesi ezijwayelekile ezinesivikelo se-PVC zilahlekelwa ukuguquguquka, ziyaqhekeka lapho zigobile, futhi zingase zehluleke ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezindawo ezinzima. Izinto zokuvala, ikakhulukazi i-PVC, zingase zonakale, okuholela emaphutheni okudlulisa isignali noma ukuvuza kwamandla. Izintambo ezivikelwe, kufaka phakathi izintambo ezivikelwe ngeteyipu yensimbi, zidinga amazinga okushisa okufakwa angaphezu kuka--10°C, kuyilapho izintambo zikagesi ezingezona ezivikelwe zinezidingo eziqinile nakakhulu.I-XLPEAmakhebula afakwe ugesi, amakhebula anezimbobo ze-PE, kanye namakhebula anezimbobo ze-LSZH kufanele alungiswe kusengaphambili endaweni efudumele okungenani amahora angama-24 ku-≥15°C ngaphambi kokufakwa ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle.
2. Ukuqonda Amakhodi Emodeli Yekhebula
Ukukhetha ikhebula elifanele kuqala ngokuqonda ikhodi yalo yemodeli, ekhombisa uhlobo lwekhebula, izinto ezisetshenziswa yi-conductor, i-insulation, i-inner sheath, isakhiwo, i-outer sheath, kanye nezakhiwo ezikhethekile.
Izinto Zokuqhuba: Ama-core ethusi (“T”) ayathandwa ezindaweni ezibandayo ngenxa yokuqhuba okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Ama-core e-aluminium aphawulwe ngokuthi “L.”
Izinto Zokuvala Ukushisa: V (PVC), YJ (XLPE), X (Rubber). Izintambo ze-XLPE (YJ) kanye ne-raber ezivaliwe zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekushiseni okuphansi.
Izinto Zokumboza: I-PVC inemikhawulo yokushisa okuphansi. Ama-sheath e-PE, i-PUR (i-polyurethane), i-PTFE (i-Teflon), kanye ne-LSZH anikeza ukumelana okungcono nokubanda kwamakhebula kagesi, amakhebula okulawula, kanye namakhebula ane-voltage ephansi.
Izimpawu Ezikhethekile: I-TH (emanzi eshisayo), i-TA (eyomile eshisayo), i-ZR (evimbela ilangabi), i-NH (emelana nomlilo) ingase ibe yinto efanele. Amanye amakhebula anezivikelo noma okulawula nawo angasebenzisaItheyiphu ye-Mylar or Itheyiphu ye-Mylar ye-Aluminium Foilukuhlukanisa, ukuvikela, noma ukuvikela okuthuthukisiwe kwemishini.
3. Ukukhethwa Kwekhebula Ngokwezinga Lokushisa
Izindawo ezibandayo ezahlukene zidinga izinto zekhebula ezifanayo kanye nokwakhiwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwehluleka kwesistimu:
> -15°C: Izintambo zikagesi ezijwayelekile ezinesivikelo se-PVC zingasetshenziswa, kodwa ukufakwa kumele kube >0°C. Ukushisa: PVC, PE, XLPE.
> -30°C: Izinto zomgobo kufanele zibe ne-PE, i-PVC engabanda, noma ama-nitrile composite sheaths. Ukushisa: PE, XLPE. Izinga lokushisa lokufakwa ≥ -10°C.
< -40°C: Izinto zomgobo kumele zibe yi-PE, i-PUR, noma i-PTFE. Ukushisa: PE, XLPE. Izinga lokushisa lokufakwa ≥ -20°C. Izintambo ezivikelwe, izintambo ezivikelwe ngetheyiphu yensimbi, kanye nezintambo ezivikelwe nge-LSZH ziyathandwa ukuze kuthenjwe kakhulu.
4. Ukufakwa Nokugcinwa
Ukufakwa kwekhebula elingabandi kudinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela. Ukushisa izintambo kubalulekile lapho amazinga okushisa ehla ngaphansi kwemingcele enconywayo: 5–10°C (~izinsuku ezi-3), 25°C (~usuku olu-1), 40°C (~amahora ayi-18). Ukufakwa kufanele kuqedwe zingakapheli amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokushiya indawo yokugcina efudumele. Phatha izintambo ngobumnene, gwema ukuwa, futhi uqinise ukugoba, ukuthambeka, noma izindawo zokucindezela. Hlola zonke izintambo ngemuva kokufakwa, kufaka phakathi izintambo ezivikelwe, ukuze ubone umonakalo wesheya, imifantu, noma izinkinga zokushisa. Sebenzisa i-Mylar Tape noma i-Aluminium Foil Mylar Tape njengoba kudingeka ukuze kuvikelwe noma kuhlukaniswe izintambo zesignali nezikagesi.
5. Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
Ngaphandle kwezinga lokushisa, cabanga ngalezi zici uma ukhetha izintambo ezingabandi:
Indawo Yokufaka: Ukungcwaba okuqondile, umsele wekhebula, noma ithileyi kuthinta ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kanye nokuvikelwa komshini. Ama-sheath e-PE, PUR, PTFE, kanye ne-LSZH kumele afaniswe ngokufanele.
Izidingo Zamandla Nesignali: Hlola isilinganiso se-voltage, umthamo wokuthwala wamanje, ubuqotho besignali, kanye nokumelana nokuphazamiseka. I-Aluminium Foil Mylar Tape ingadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe izintambo ze-voltage ephansi, zokulawula, noma zezinsimbi.
Izidingo Zokuvimbela Umlilo Nokumelana Nomlilo: I-ZR, i-NH, kanye ne-WDZ (engenawo umusi ophansi) kungadingeka ezindaweni zangaphakathi, emhubheni, noma ezivalekile.
Ezomnotho kanye Nempilo Yonke: Izintambo ezivikelwe nge-XLPE, PE, PUR, PTFE, armored, noma i-steel tape armored ezingamelani nokubanda zinezindleko eziphezulu kusengaphambili kodwa zinciphisa ukushintshwa kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi ngenxa yomonakalo ophansi wokushisa.
Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zekhebula ezingabandi, okuhlanganisa i-PVC, XLPE, PE, PUR, PTFE, LSZH, izintambo ezivikelwe nge-armored, kanye ne-steel tape armored, kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kohlelo lwamandla, ukusebenza okuphephile, kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside ezimweni zasebusika ezinzima. Ukukhetha ikhebula ngendlela efanele kubalulekile hhayi nje ekuzinzeni kwamandla kodwa futhi nasekuphepheni kukagesi jikelele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-21-2025