Izinhlelo zikagesi zanamuhla zithembele ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlukene, amabhodi wesekethe, kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zidlulisela amandla noma izimpawu zikagesi, izintambo ziwumgogodla wokuxhumana okunezintambo, okwenza zibe yingxenye ebalulekile yazo zonke izinhlelo.
Kodwa-ke, ukubaluleka kwamajakethi ekhebula (ungqimba lwangaphandle oluzungeza futhi luvikele ama-conductor angaphakathi) kuvame ukunganakwa. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zejakethi yekhebula kuyisinqumo esibalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizweni kwekhebula, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinzima. Ukuqonda ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kwemishini, ukumelana nemvelo, ukuguquguquka, izindleko, kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho kubalulekile ekwenzeni ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile.
Enhliziyweni yejakhethi yekhebula kukhona isihlangu esivikela futhi siqinisekise impilo nokuthembeka kwekhebula langaphakathi. Lokhu kuvikela kuvikela umswakama, amakhemikhali, imisebe ye-UV, kanye nokucindezeleka ngokomzimba njengokukhubeka kanye nokushayisana.
Izinto zokwakha amajakethi ekhebula ziyahlukahluka kusukela kumapulasitiki alula kuya kuma-polymer athuthukile, ngalinye linezakhiwo ezihlukile zokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zemvelo nezomshini. Inqubo yokukhetha ibalulekile ngoba izinto ezifanele ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuvikelwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokusetshenziswa ezilindelekile.
Ayikho ikhambi "elilingana nosayizi owodwa" lamajakethi ekhebula. Izinto ezikhethiwe zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngezimo ezihlukile zohlelo lokusebenza.
Kunezici eziningana okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha izinto ezifanele zejakethi yekhebula.
1. Izimo Zemvelo
Ukumelana namakhemikhali kuyisici esibalulekile ekukhetheni amajakethi ekhebula, njengoba amakhebula angahlangana namafutha, izinyibilikisi, ama-asidi, noma izisekelo, kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwawo. Ijakethi yekhebula ekhethwe kahle ingavimbela ukuwohloka noma ukugqwala kwezingxenye zayo ezingaphansi, ngaleyo ndlela igcine ubuqotho bekhebula isikhathi eside senkonzo yayo. Isibonelo, ezindaweni zezimboni lapho ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali kuvame khona, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto ezingamelana nezimo ezinzima kangaka. Lapha, amakhemikhali athile ikhebula elizochayeka kuwo kumele ahlolwe, njengoba lokhu kunquma isidingo sezinto ezikhethekile ezifana nama-fluoropolymers ukuze kufezwe ukumelana kwamakhemikhali okukhulu.
Ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nokukhanya kwelanga kungenye into ebalulekile okufanele uyicabangele, ikakhulukazi ngezintambo ezisetshenziswa ngaphandle. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside elangeni kungenza izinto zendabuko zibe buthaka, okuholela ekuqhekekeni nasekuhlulekeni ekugcineni. Izinto eziklanyelwe ukumelana nemisebe ye-UV ziqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula lihlala lisebenza futhi liqinile ngisho naselangeni elinamandla. Ngezinhlelo ezinjalo, izinto ezifanelekile yi-CPE thermoplastics, i-CPE thermostats, noma i-EPR thermostats. Ezinye izinto ezithuthukisiwe, njenge-cross-linked polyethylene (I-XLPE), zenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokumelana okuthuthukisiwe kwe-UV, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula lihlala isikhathi eside ekusetshenzisweni kwangaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni lapho ingozi yomlilo iyinkinga, ukukhetha ijakethi yekhebula evimbela ilangabi noma ezicishayo kungaba ukukhetha okusindisa impilo. Lezi zinto zenzelwe ukuvimba ukusabalala kwamalangabi, okwengeza ungqimba olubalulekile lokuphepha ezisetshenziswayo ezibalulekile. Ngokuvimba ilangabi, izinketho ezinhle kakhulu zifaka phakathiI-PVCama-thermoplastic kanye nama-thermoplastic e-CPE. Izinto ezinjalo zinganciphisa ukusabalala kwamalangabi ngenkathi zinciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi anobuthi ngesikhathi sokushisa.
2. Izakhiwo Zemishini
Ukumelana nokuklwebheka, amandla okushaywa, kanye nekhono lokuchoboza lejakethi yekhebula kuthinta ngqo ukuqina kwe-polyurethane. Lokhu kuyadingeka kakhulu ezisetshenzisweni lapho ikhebula lidlula endaweni enzima noma lidinga ukuphathwa njalo. Ezisetshenzisweni ezihamba kakhulu, njengasemishinini yamarobhothi noma emishinini enamandla, ukukhetha ijakethi yekhebula enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kungasiza ekugwemeni ukushintshwa nokugcinwa njalo. Izinto ezingcono kakhulu ezingagugi zezembozo zejakethi zifaka phakathi i-polyurethane thermoplastics kanye ne-CPE thermoplastics.
3. Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Zokushisa
Ububanzi bokushisa bokusebenza bezinto zejakethi yekhebula bungaba umehluko phakathi kokuphumelela noma ukwehluleka kohlelo. Izinto ezingakwazi ukumelana nobubanzi bokushisa bokusebenza bendawo ezihloselwe yona zingase zibe buthaka ezimweni ezibandayo noma zonakale uma zivezwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Lokhu konakala kungalimaza ubuqotho bekhebula futhi kubangele ukwehluleka kokufakwa kukagesi, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kokusebenza noma ezingozini zokuphepha.
Nakuba izintambo eziningi ezijwayelekile zingase zilinganiswe kufika ku-105°C, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile ze-PVC zingase zidinge ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ezimbonini ezifana nowoyela negesi, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile zidinga izinto zokwakha, njengezinto zokwakha ze-ITT Cannon's SJS, ezingamelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-200°C. Kulezi zindawo zokushisa eziphakeme, kungadingeka kucatshangelwe izinto zokwakha ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-PVC ohlangothini lwe-thermoplastic kanye ne-CPE noma i-EPR noma i-CPR ohlangothini lwe-thermostat. Izinto ezingasebenza ezindaweni ezinjalo zingamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu futhi zimelane nokuguga kokushisa, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwekhebula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Cabanga ngezindawo ezishisa kakhulu, njengemishini yokubhoboza ogwini. Kulezi zindawo ezishisa kakhulu nezinomfutho ophezulu, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinto zejakethi yekhebula ezingamelana nokushisa okukhulu ngaphandle kokuwohloka noma ukwehluleka. Ekugcineni, ukukhetha izinto zejakethi yekhebula ezifanele kungaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile ngenkathi kwandiswe isikhathi sokuphila kwemishini.
4. Isidingo Sokuguquguquka
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zidinga izintambo ukuthi zihlale ziguquguquka ngaphansi kokunyakaza okuphindaphindwayo kokugoba nokusonta. Lesi sidingo sokuguquguquka asinciphisi isidingo sokuqina; ngakho-ke, izinto kumele zikhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze zilinganise kahle lezi zidingo ezimbili. Kulezi zimo, izinto ezifana ne-thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) noma i-polyurethane (PUR) ziyathandwa ngenxa yokuqina kwazo nokuqina kwazo.
Amakhebula asetshenziswa emishinini yezimboni, isibonelo, kumele abe nezimo kakhulu ukuze avumelane nokuhamba kwemishini efana namarobhothi. Amarobhothi ane-mesh asetshenziselwa imisebenzi efana nokukhetha nokubeka izingxenye ayisibonelo esihle salesi sidingo. Ukwakheka kwawo kuvumela ukunyakaza okuhlukahlukene, kubeka ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo ezintanjeni, okudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingamelana nokugoba nokusonta ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza.
Ngemva kokucabangela izimo zemvelo, izakhiwo zemishini, izinga lokushisa, kanye nezidingo zokuguquguquka, kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ububanzi bangaphandle bekhebula buzohluka ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuze uhlale unobungani nemvelo, ububanzi bekhebula kumele buhlale ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokuvala yegobolondo langemuva noma isixhumi esinamathiselwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-12-2024