Polyethylene Synthesis Izindlela Nezinhlobonhlobo
(1) I-Low-Density Polyethylene (I-LDPE)
Uma ukulandelela amanani omoya-mpilo noma ama-peroxide engezwa njengeziqalisi ku-ethylene emsulwa, icindezelwe cishe ku-202.6 kPa, futhi ishisiswe kufika ku-200°C, i-ethylene ipholisa ibe i-polyethylene e-waxy. Le ndlela ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi inqubo yokucindezela okukhulu ngenxa yezimo zokusebenza. I-polyethylene ewumphumela inokuminyana okungu-0.915–0.930 g/cm³ kanye nesisindo se-molecular esisuka ku-15,000 kuya ku-40,000. Isakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana sinamagatsha amaningi futhi akhululekile, afana nokucushwa "okufana nesihlahla", okubangela ukuminyana kwayo okuphansi, yingakho igama elithi polyethylene eliphansi.
(2) I-Polyethylene Enokuminyana Okumaphakathi (I-MDPE)
Inqubo ye-medium-pressure ihlanganisa i-polymerizing ethylene ngaphansi kwe-atmospheres engu-30-100 kusetshenziswa ama-catalyst ensimbi ye-oxide. I-polyethylene ewumphumela inokuminyana okungu-0.931–0.940 g/cm³. I-MDPE ingabuye ikhiqizwe ngokuhlanganisa i-polyethylene (i-HDPE) ene-high-density (HDPE) ne-LDPE noma ngokusebenzisa i-copolymerization ye-ethylene nama-comonomers afana ne-butene, i-vinyl acetate, noma ama-acrylates.
(3) I-High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokushisa nezingcindezi, i-ethylene yenziwa i-polymerized kusetshenziswa ama-catalysts asebenza kahle kakhulu (ama-organometallic compounds akhiwe i-alkylaluminum ne-titanium tetrachloride). Ngenxa yomsebenzi ophezulu we-catalytic, ukusabela kwe-polymerization kungaqedwa ngokushesha ngezingcindezi eziphansi (0-10 atm) namazinga okushisa aphansi (60-75 ° C), yingakho igama elithi inqubo yokucindezela okuphansi. I-polyethylene ewumphumela inesakhiwo samangqamuzana esingamagatsha, esiwumugqa, esinomthelela ekumineni kwayo okuphezulu (0.941–0.965 g/cm³). Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LDPE, i-HDPE ikhombisa ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, izakhiwo zemishini, nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwemvelo.
Izici ze-Polyethylene
I-Polyethylene iyipulasitiki emhlophe-emhlophe, efana ne-wax, ebonakala kancane, iyenza ibe into ekahle yokufaka umswakama kanye ne-sheathing yezintambo nezintambo. Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:
(1) Izakhiwo zikagesi ezinhle kakhulu: ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu namandla e-dielectric; imvume ephansi (ε) kanye ne-dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) phakathi kwebanga elibanzi lefrikhwensi, enokuncika kwefrikhwensi okuncane, okuyenza icishe ibe i-dielectric efanelekile yezintambo zokuxhumana.
(2) Izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini: ziyavumelana nezimo kodwa ziqinile, ezinokumelana okuhle nokuguga.
(3) Ukumelana okuqinile nokuguga okushisayo, ukubola kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali.
(4) Ukumelana kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu nokumuncwa komswakama ophansi; ukumelana nokwahlukanisa ngokuvamile akunciphi lapho ucwiliswa emanzini.
(5) Njengento engeyona indawo ye-polar, ikhombisa ukungena kwegesi ephezulu, kanti i-LDPE inokungeneka okuphezulu kakhulu kwegesi phakathi kwamapulasitiki.
(6) Amandla adonsela phansi athize aphansi, konke okungaphansi kuka-1. I-LDPE iphawuleka ikakhulukazi cishe ku-0.92 g/cm³, kuyilapho i-HDPE, naphezu kokuminyana kwayo okuphezulu, icishe ibe ngu-0.94 g/cm³.
(7) Izici zokucubungula ezinhle: kulula ukuncibilika futhi kwenziwe ipulasitiki ngaphandle kokubola, kuphole kalula kube yisimo, futhi kuvumela ukulawula okunembile phezu kwejiyomethri yomkhiqizo nobukhulu.
(8) Amakhebula enziwe nge-polyethylene alula, kulula ukuwafaka, futhi kulula ukuwaqeda. Nokho, i-polyethylene nayo inezithiyo eziningana: izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuthambisa; ukuvutha, ukukhipha iphunga elifana nepharafini lapho lishisiwe; ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwemvelo okuphansi kanye nokumelana nokukhasa. Kudingeka ukunakwa okukhethekile lapho usebenzisa i-polyethylene njenge-insulation noma i-sheathing yezintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle noma izintambo ezifakwe kumaconsi aqondile aqondile.
Polyethylene Plastics for Izintambo kanye Amakhebula
(1) I-General-Purpose Insulation Polyethylene Plastic
Yakhiwe kuphela i-polyethylene resin kanye nama-antioxidants.
(2) Ipulasitiki Ye-Polyethylene Engazweli Isimo Sezulu
Ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe nge-polyethylene resin, ama-antioxidants, ne-carbon black. Ukumelana nesimo sezulu kuncike kusayizi wezinhlayiyana, okuqukethwe, nokuhlakazwa kwekhabhoni emnyama.
(3) I-Environmental Stress-Crack Resistant Polyethylene Plastic
Isebenzisa i-polyethylene enenkomba yokugeleza okuncibilika ngaphansi kuka-0.3 kanye nokusabalalisa kwesisindo se-molecular. I-polyethylene ingase futhi ihlanganiswe ngokusebenzisa imisebe noma izindlela zamakhemikhali.
(4) I-High-Voltage Insulation Polyethylene Plastic
Ukufakwa kwekhebula lamandla kagesi aphezulu kudinga ipulasitiki ye-polyethylene eyi-ultra-pure, engezwe ngama-voltage stabilizer nama-extruder akhethekile ukuze kuvinjwe ukwakheka okuyize, ukucindezela ukukhishwa kwe-resin, nokuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-arc, ukumelana nokuguguleka kukagesi, nokumelana ne-corona.
(5) I-Semiconductive Polyethylene Plastic
Ikhiqizwe ngokungeza ikhabhoni ebambayo emnyama ku-polyethylene, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa izinhlayiya ezincane, ukwakheka okuphezulu kwekhabhoni emnyama.
(6) I-Thermoplastic Low-Smoke Zero-Halogen (LSZH) Ikhebula Inhlanganisela Yekhebula Le-Polyolefin
Le nhlanganisela isebenzisa i-polyethylene resin njengento eyisisekelo, ehlanganisa i-halogen-free retardants engenawo amalangabi, izinciphisi zentuthu, ama-thermal stabilizers, ama-antifungal agents, nama-colorants, acutshungulwa ngokuxuba, i-plasticization, kanye ne-pelletization.
I-Crosslinked Polyethylene (XLPE)
Ngaphansi kwesenzo semisebe enamandla amakhulu noma ama-agent axhumanisayo, umugqa wesakhiwo samangqamuzana we-polyethylene ushintsha ube yisakhiwo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (inethiwekhi), siguqule okubalulekile kwe-thermoplastic ku-thermoset. Lapho isetshenziswa njenge-insulation,I-XLPEingamelana namazinga okushisa aqhubekayo afinyelela ku-90°C kanye namazinga okushisa esifunda esifushane angu-170–250°C. Izindlela zokuxhumanisa zihlanganisa ukuphambana ngokomzimba namakhemikhali. I-Irradiation crosslinking iyindlela engokoqobo, kuyilapho i-ejenti evame kakhulu yokuphambanisa ikhemikhali i-DCP (dicuyl peroxide).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-10-2025