Izindlela Zokwenziwa Kwe-Polyethylene Nezinhlobo
(1) I-Polyethylene Ephansi (I-LDPE)
Uma inani elincane le-oxygen noma ama-peroxide engezwa njengeziqalisi ku-ethylene emsulwa, ecindezelwe cishe ku-202.6 kPa, futhi ishiswa cishe ku-200°C, i-ethylene ipholiyetha ibe yi-polyethylene emhlophe, efana ne-wax. Le ndlela ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi inqubo yokucindezela okuphezulu ngenxa yezimo zokusebenza. I-polyethylene ephumelayo inobuningi obungu-0.915–0.930 g/cm³ kanye nesisindo sama-molecule esisukela ku-15,000 kuya ku-40,000. Isakhiwo sayo sama-molecule sinamagatsha amaningi futhi sikhululekile, sifana nokuma "okufana nomuthi", okubangela ubuningi bayo obuphansi, yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphansi.
(2) I-Polyethylene Ephakathi (I-MDPE)
Inqubo yokucindezela okuphakathi ihilela ukwenza i-ethylene ibe yi-polymerizing ngaphansi kwama-atmospheres angu-30-100 kusetshenziswa ama-catalyst e-metal oxide. I-polyethylene ephumelayo inobuningi obungu-0.931–0.940 g/cm³. I-MDPE ingakhiqizwa futhi ngokuxuba i-polyethylene ephezulu (i-HDPE) ne-LDPE noma ngokusebenzisa i-copolymerization ye-ethylene nama-comonomers afana ne-butene, i-vinyl acetate, noma ama-acrylates.
(3) I-Polyethylene Enobuningi Obuphezulu (i-HDPE)
Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezijwayelekile kanye nengcindezi, i-ethylene ipholishwa kusetshenziswa ama-catalyst okuhlanganisa asebenza kahle kakhulu (ama-organometallic compounds akhiwe yi-alkylaluminum kanye ne-titanium tetrachloride). Ngenxa yomsebenzi ophezulu we-catalytic, ukusabela kwe-polymerization kungaqedwa ngokushesha ngokucindezela okuphansi (0–10 atm) kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi (60–75°C), yingakho igama libizwa ngokuthi inqubo yokucindezela okuphansi. I-polyethylene ephumelayo inesakhiwo sama-molecule esingamagatsha, esiqondile, esifaka isandla ekuxineni kwayo okuphezulu (0.941–0.965 g/cm³). Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LDPE, i-HDPE ibonisa ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nokumelana nokucindezeleka kwemvelo.
Izakhiwo ze-Polyethylene
I-Polyethylene iyipulasitiki emhlophe njengobisi, efana ne-wax, engabonakali kangako, okwenza ibe yindawo efanelekile yokuvikela nokuvikela izintambo nezintambo. Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko zifaka:
(1) Izakhiwo zikagesi ezinhle kakhulu: ukumelana okuphezulu kokushisa kanye namandla e-dielectric; ukuvumela okuphansi (ε) kanye ne-dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) ebangeni elibanzi lemvamisa, kanye nokuxhomekeka okuncane kwemvamisa, okwenza kube cishe i-dielectric efanelekile yezintambo zokuxhumana.
(2) Izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini: eziguquguqukayo kodwa eziqinile, ezinokumelana okuhle kokuguquguquka.
(3) Ukumelana okunamandla nokuguga okushisa, ukubuthaka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali.
(4) Ukumelana namanzi okuhle kakhulu nokumuncwa komswakama okuphansi; ukumelana nokuvikela ngokuvamile akunciphi lapho kucwiliswa emanzini.
(5) Njengento engeyona i-polar, ikhombisa ukuvuleka kwegesi okuphezulu, kanti i-LDPE inokungena kwegesi okuphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamapulasitiki.
(6) Amandla adonsela phansi athile aphansi, konke kungaphansi kuka-1. I-LDPE iphawuleka kakhulu cishe ku-0.92 g/cm³, kuyilapho i-HDPE, naphezu kokuminyana kwayo okuphezulu, icishe ibe ngu-0.94 g/cm³ kuphela.
(7) Izakhiwo ezinhle zokucubungula: kulula ukuncibilikisa nokwenza ipulasitiki ngaphandle kokubola, kuyaphola kalula kube sesimweni, futhi kuvumela ukulawula okunembile i-geometry yomkhiqizo kanye nobukhulu.
(8) Izintambo ezenziwe nge-polyethylene zilula, kulula ukuzifaka, futhi kulula ukuziqeda. Kodwa-ke, i-polyethylene inezinkinga eziningana: izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuthambisa; ukusha, ukukhipha iphunga elifana ne-parafini uma lishiswa; ukumelana okungekuhle kokucindezeleka kwemvelo kanye nokumelana nokukhukhuleka. Kudingeka ukunakwa okukhethekile lapho usebenzisa i-polyethylene njengokuvikela noma ukuvala izintambo zangaphansi kolwandle noma izintambo ezifakwe ezindaweni eziqondile eziphakeme.
Amapulasitiki e-Polyethylene ezintambo namakhebula
(1) Ipulasitiki ye-Polyethylene Yokuvimbela Inhloso Ejwayelekile
Yakhiwe kuphela nge-resin ye-polyethylene nama-antioxidants.
(2) Ipulasitiki ye-Polyethylene Emelana Nesimo Sezulu
Ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe nge-polyethylene resin, ama-antioxidants, kanye ne-carbon black. Ukumelana nesimo sezulu kuncike kusayizi wezinhlayiya, okuqukethwe, kanye nokusabalala kwe-carbon black.
(3) Ipulasitiki yePolyethylene Emelana Nokucindezeleka Kwemvelo
Isebenzisa i-polyethylene enenkomba yokugeleza kokuncibilika engaphansi kuka-0.3 kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwesisindo sama-molecule okuncane. I-polyethylene ingaxhunyaniswa futhi ngemisebe noma ngezindlela zamakhemikhali.
(4) Ipulasitiki ye-Polyethylene Yokufudumeza Enamandla Aphezulu
Ukufakwa kwekhebula okunamandla aphezulu kudinga ipulasitiki ye-polyethylene emsulwa kakhulu, ehlanganiswe neziqinisi ze-voltage kanye nezikhiphi ezikhethekile ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-void, ukucindezela ukukhishwa kwe-resin, nokuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-arc, ukumelana nokuguguleka kukagesi, kanye nokumelana ne-corona.
(5) Ipulasitiki ye-Polyethylene Engaqhubi Kahle
Kukhiqizwa ngokufaka umnyama wekhabhoni oqhubayo ku-polyethylene, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa umnyama wekhabhoni onezinhlayiya ezincane, onesakhiwo esiphezulu.
(6) I-Thermoplastic Low-Smoke Zero-Halogen (LSZH) Polyolefin Cable Compound
Le nhlanganisela isebenzisa i-polyethylene resin njengesisekelo, ihlanganisa izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezingenayo i-halogen ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, izinto ezicindezela intuthu, izinto eziqinisa ukushisa, izinto ezilwa ne-antifungal, kanye nezinto ezifaka imibala, ezicutshungulwa ngokuxuba, ukwenziwa ipulasitiki, kanye nokufakwa kwe-pellet.
I-Polyethylene Exhumene Neziphambano (XLPE)
Ngaphansi kwesenzo semisebe enamandla aphezulu noma ama-agent axhumanisayo, isakhiwo sama-molecule esiqondile se-polyethylene siguquka sibe isakhiwo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (inethiwekhi), siguqula izinto ze-thermoplastic zibe yi-thermoset. Uma zisetshenziswa njenge-insulation,I-XLPEingamelana namazinga okushisa okusebenza aqhubekayo afinyelela ku-90°C kanye namazinga okushisa afushane angu-170–250°C. Izindlela zokuxhumanisa zihlanganisa ukuxhumanisa ngokomzimba namakhemikhali. Ukuxhumanisa ngemisebe kuyindlela ebonakalayo, kuyilapho i-agent evame kakhulu yokuxhumanisa ngamakhemikhali yi-DCP (i-dicumyl peroxide).
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-10-2025