Ekufakweni kobunjiniyela bamandla nemishini yezimboni, ukukhetha uhlobo olungalungile “lwekhebula le-high-voltage” noma “ikhebula le-voltage ephansi” kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwemishini, ukuphela kukagesi, nokumiswa kokukhiqiza, noma ngisho nezingozi zokuphepha ezimeni ezinzima. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi banokuqonda okukha phezulu kuphela umehluko wesakhiwo phakathi kwakho kokubili futhi ngokuvamile bakhetha ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho noma ukucatshangelwa "konga izindleko", okuholela emaphutheni aphindaphindiwe. Ukukhetha ikhebula elingalungile kungase kubangele nje kuphela ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini kodwa futhi kudala izingozi ezingaba khona zokuphepha. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngomehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwabo “nezihibe” ezingu-3 ezinkulu okumelwe uzigweme ngesikhathi sokukhetha.
1. Ukuhlaziywa Kwesakhiwo: I-High-Voltage vs Low-Voltage Cables
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi, “Amakhebuli anamandla kagesi aphezulu angamakhebuli anamandla kagesi amancane kakhulu,” kodwa empeleni, imiklamo yawo yesakhiwo inomehluko obalulekile, futhi ungqimba ngalunye luvunyelaniswa ngokunembile neleveli kagesi. Ukuze uqonde umehluko, qala ngezincazelo ze-“high-voltage” kanye “ne-low-voltage”:
Izintambo ezine-voltage ephansi: I-voltage elinganiselwe ≤ 1 kV (ngokuvamile i-0.6/1 kV), ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukusatshalaliswa kwesakhiwo kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi amancane;
Izintambo ezinamandla kagesi: I-voltage elinganiselwe ≥ 1 kV (ngokuvamile i-6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV), esetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi, iziteshi ezincane, kanye nemishini emikhulu yezimboni.
(1) I-Conductor: Hhayi “Kukhulu” kodwa “Izindaba Zokuhlanzeka”
Amakhondatha wamakhebula anamandla aphansi ngokuvamile enziwa ngezintambo zethusi ezinemicu eminingi emihle (isb., imicu engu-19 ezintanjeni ze-BV), ikakhulukazi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo “zokuphatha kwamanje”;
Amakhondatha ekhebula lamandla kagesi aphezulu, nakuba nawo enziwe ngethusi noma i-aluminium, anobumsulwa obuphakeme (≥99.95%) futhi asebenzisa inqubo “ye-compact round stranding” (ukunciphisa i-voids) ukuze kwehliswe ukumelana nokhondatha kanye nokunciphisa “umphumela wesikhumba” ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi aphezulu (okwamanje kugxile endaweni yekhondatha, okubangela ukushisa).
(2) Isendlalelo Sokugqumisa: Umnyombo Wezintambo Ezinamandla Kagesi '“Ukuvikelwa Kwezingqimba Eziningi”
Izendlalelo zokufakwa kwekhebula lamandla aphansi zincane kakhulu (isb., ugqinsi lwekhebula elingu-0.6/1 kV ~3.4 mm), ikakhulukazi i-PVC nomaI-XLPE, ngokuyinhloko ikhonza “ukwehlukanisa umqhubi ngaphandle”;
Izendlalelo zokufakwa kwekhebula lamandla kagesi aphezulu zijiyile kakhulu (ikhebula elingu-6 kV ~ 10 mm, 110 kV kufika ku-20 mm) futhi kufanele ziphumelele izivivinyo eziqinile njengokuthi “imvamisa yamandla imelana ne-voltage” kanye “nomfutho wombani ukumelana nogesi.” Okubaluleke nakakhulu, izintambo zamandla kagesi aphezulu zengeza amateyipu okuvimbela amanzi kanye nezendlalelo ze-semi-conductive ngaphakathi kokuvala:
Itheyiphu yokuvimbela amanzi: Ivimbela ukungena kwamanzi (umswakama ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi aphezulu ungabangela "izihlahla zamanzi," okuholela ekuqhekekeni kokufakwa kwamanzi);
Isendlalelo se-semi-conductive: Iqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwenkambu kagesi okufanayo (ivimbela ukugxiliswa kwenkambu yendawo, okungase kubangele ukuchithwa).
Idatha: Isendlalelo se-insulation sibiza u-40% -50% wezindleko zekhebula lamandla kagesi aphezulu (kuphela u-15% -20% we-low-voltage), okuyisizathu esikhulu esenza izintambo ezinamandla kagesi zibize kakhulu.
(3) Isivikelo kanye ne-Metallic Sheath: “Izikhali Ezimelene Nokuphazamiseka” Zamakhebula Anamandla Aphezulu
Izintambo ezine-voltage ephansi ngokuvamile azinalo ungqimba oluvikelayo (ngaphandle kwezintambo zesignali), namabhantshi angaphandle ngokuvamile e-PVC noma i-polyethylene;
Amakhebuli anamandla kagesi aphezulu (ikakhulukazi ≥6 kV) kufanele abe nesivikelo sensimbi (isb.tape yethusi, umluko wethusi) nezishefu zensimbi (isb, umgodla womthofu, umgodla kathayela we-aluminium):
Ukuvikela i-Metallic: Kuvimbela inkambu yamandla kagesi aphezulu ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo sokufakelwa, kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI), futhi kunikeze indlela yephutha lamanje;
I-Metallic sheath: Ithuthukisa amandla emishini (i-tensile and crush resistance) futhi isebenza “njengesivikelo esiphansi,” iphinde yehlise ukuqina kwenkambu yokufakelwa.
(4) Ijakhethi Langaphandle: Elimangelengele Kakhudlwana Emakhebulini Anamandla Anamandla
Amabhantshi ekhebula ane-voltage ephansi ikakhulukazi avikela ukuguga nokugqwala;
Amabhantshi ekhebula lamandla kagesi aphezulu kumele ngaphezu kwalokho amelane namafutha, amakhaza, i-ozone, njll. (isb., i-PVC + izithasiselo ezimelana nesimo sezulu). Izinhlelo ezikhethekile (isb., izintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle) zingase futhi zidinge izikhali zensimbi zensimbi (ukumelana nomfutho wamanzi kanye nengcindezi yokuqina).
2. 3 “Izihibe” Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzigweme Lapho Ukhetha Amakhebuli
Ngemva kokuqonda umehluko wesakhiwo, kufanele futhi ugweme lezi “zicupho ezifihliwe” ngesikhathi sokukhetha; ngaphandle kwalokho, izindleko zinganyuka, noma izigameko zokuphepha zingase zenzeke.
(1) Ukuphishekela Ngokungaboni “Ibanga Eliphakeme” noma “Inani Eliphansi”
Umbono oyiphutha: Abanye bacabanga ukuthi “ukusebenzisa izintambo ezinamandla kagesi kakhulu esikhundleni samandla kagesi aphansi kuphephile,” noma basebenzisa izintambo ezinamandla ukuze bonge imali.
Ingozi: Izintambo ezinamandla kagesi zimba eqolo; ukukhetha okungadingekile kwe-high-voltage kwandisa isabelomali. Ukusebenzisa izintambo ezine-voltage ephansi ezimeni zamandla kagesi aphezulu kungabhidliza ukufakwa kwe-insulation ngokushesha, kubangele amasekhethi amafushane, imililo, noma ukubeka izisebenzi engozini.
Indlela Elungile: Khetha ngokusekelwe ezingeni langempela lamandla kagesi kanye nezidingo zamandla, isb, ugesi wasendlini (220V/380V) usebenzisa izintambo ezine-voltage ephansi, ama-industrial high-voltage motors (10 kV) kufanele afane nezintambo ezinamandla kagesi — ungalokothi “wehlise” noma “uthuthuke” ngokungaboni.
(2) Ukunganaki “Umonakalo Ofihliwe” Ovela Emvelweni
Umbono oyiphutha: Cabangela i-voltage kuphela, ungayinaki indawo ezungezile, isb, ukusebenzisa izintambo ezivamile endaweni eswakeme, eshisa kakhulu, noma ezimeni ezigqwalile ngamakhemikhali.
Ubungozi: Izintambo ezinamandla kagesi aphezulu ezindaweni ezinomswakama ezinamahawu noma amabhantshi awonakele zingaguga; izintambo ezine-voltage ephansi ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu (isb., amakamelo obhayela) zingathamba futhi zehluleke.
Indlela Elungile: Cacisa izimo zokufaka — izintambo ezihlotshisiwe zokufakwa ezingcwatshiwe, izintambo ezivikelwe ezingangeni manzi zangaphansi kwamanzi, izinto ezilinganiselwe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (i-XLPE ≥90℃) endaweni eshisayo, amabhantshi amelana nokubola ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali.
(3) Ukunganaki Ukumataniswa “Kwekhono Lokuthwala Manje kanye nendlela yokubeka”
Umbono oyiphutha: Gxila kuphela ezingeni le-voltage, ungaziba umthamo wamanje wekhebula (ubukhulu obuvumelekile bamanje) noma ucindezela kakhulu/ugoba ngesikhathi sokubeka.
Ingozi: Ukuntuleka kwamandla anele kubangela ukushisa ngokweqile futhi kusheshise ukuguga kwe-insulation; I-radius egobile engafanele yezintambo zamandla kagesi aphezulu (isb., ukudonsa kanzima, ukugoba ngokweqile) kungalimaza isivikelo nokwahlukanisa, kudaleke izingozi zokuwohloka.
Indlela Elungile: Khetha ukucaciswa kwekhebula okusekelwe kumanje okubaliwe kwangempela (cabanga ukuqala kwamanje, izinga lokushisa le-ambient); landela ngokuqinile izidingo zerediyasi egobayo ngesikhathi sokufakwa (irediyasi yokugoba yekhebula ephezulu yamandla kagesi ngokuvamile engu-≥15× ububanzi bangaphandle bekhondatha), gwema ukucindezelwa nokuchayeka elangeni.
3. Khumbula "Imithetho Yegolide" engu-3 Yokugwema Izingibe Zokukhetha
(1) Hlola Isakhiwo Esimelene Nogesi:
Ukufakwa kwekhebula lamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nezingqimba eziyisivikelo ziwumgogodla; izintambo ezine-voltage ephansi azidingi ukuklama ngokweqile.
(2) Qondanisa Amabanga Ngokufanelekile:
Amandla kagesi, amandla kanye nendawo ezungezile kufanele kuhambisane; ungathuthukisi ngokunganaki noma wehlise izinga.
(3) Qinisekisa Imininingwane Ngokumelene Namazinga:
Umthamo wamanje wokuthwala, irediyasi egobayo, nezinga lokuvikela kufanele kulandele izindinganiso zikazwelonke — unganciki kokuhlangenwe nakho kuphela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-29-2025