1 Isingeniso
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana kule minyaka eyishumi edlule noma ngaphezulu, umkhakha wokusetshenziswa kwezintambo ze-fiber optic ubulokhu ukhula. Njengoba izidingo zemvelo zezintambo ze-fiber optic ziqhubeka nokwanda, kanjalo nezidingo zekhwalithi yezinto ezisetshenziswa ezintambo ze-fiber optic. I-fiber optic cable yokuvimbela amanzi iyinto evamile yokuvimbela amanzi esetshenziswa embonini yezintambo ze-fiber optic, indima yokuvala uphawu, ukuvimbela amanzi, umswakama kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-buffer kukhebula le-fiber optic kuye kwaqashelwa kabanzi, futhi izinhlobo zayo nokusebenza bekulokhu ngokuqhubekayo. ithuthukisiwe futhi iphelele ngokuthuthukiswa kwentambo ye-fiber optic. Eminyakeni yamuva, isakhiwo "somgogodla owomile" safakwa kukhebula le-optical. Lolu hlobo lwezinto ezivimbela amanzi ekhebula ngokuvamile ziyinhlanganisela yetheyiphu, intambo noma ukunamathela ukuze kuvinjwe amanzi ukuthi angangeni ngobude enkabeni yekhebula. Ngokwamukelwa okukhulayo kwezintambo ezomile eziwumgogodla we-fiber optic, izinto zekhebula le-fiber optic ezomile zithatha indawo ngokushesha izinhlanganisela zokugcwalisa zekhebula ezisekelwe ku-petroleum jelly. Izinto eziwumgogodla owomile zisebenzisa i-polymer emunca ngokushesha amanzi ukuze yakhe i-hydrogel, evuvukala futhi igcwalise imigudu yokungena kwamanzi yekhebula. Ukwengeza, njengoba izinto eziwumgogodla owomile zingenawo amafutha anamathelayo, akukho ama-wipes, ama-solvents noma izinto zokuhlanza ezidingekayo ukuze kulungiswe ikhebula lokuhlanganisa, futhi isikhathi sokuhlanganisa ikhebula siyancipha kakhulu. Isisindo esincane sekhebula kanye nokunamathela okuhle phakathi kwentambo yangaphandle yokuqinisa kanye ne-sheath akuncishisiwe, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo.
2 Umthelela wamanzi kukhebula kanye nendlela yokumelana namanzi
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuvimbela amanzi ukuthi amanzi angena ekhebula azobola abe yi-hydrogen ne-O H-ion, okuzokwandisa ukulahlekelwa kokudluliswa kwe-fibre optical, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-fiber futhi kufinyeze impilo yekhebula. Izinyathelo ezivame kakhulu zokuvimbela amanzi zigcwalisa nge-petroleum paste kanye nokwengeza i-tape yokuvimbela amanzi, egcwele igebe phakathi kwe-cable core kanye ne-sheath ukuvimbela amanzi kanye nomswakama ekusakazeni mpo, ngaleyo ndlela idlala indima ekuvimbeleni amanzi.
Lapho ama-synthetic resins esetshenziswa ngobuningi njengama-insulators ezintanjeni ze-fiber optic (okokuqala ezintanjeni), lezi zinto ezivikelayo nazo azivikelekile ekungeneni kwamanzi. Ukwakhiwa "kwezihlahla zamanzi" ezintweni ezivimbelayo kuyisizathu esiyinhloko somthelela ekusebenzeni kokudlulisela. Indlela lapho i-insulating ithinteka khona izihlahla zamanzi ivame ukuchazwa kanje: ngenxa yensimu eqinile kagesi (enye i-hypothesis iwukuthi izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-resin zishintshwa ukukhishwa okubuthakathaka kakhulu kwama-electron asheshayo), ama-molecule amanzi angena. ngokusebenzisa izinombolo ezihlukene zama-micro-pores akhona ku-sheathing material ye-fiber optic cable. Ama-molecule amanzi azongena ngenani elihlukile lama-micro-pores ku-cable sheath material, enze "izihlahla zamanzi", kancane kancane aqongelela amanzi amaningi futhi asakaze ohlangothini lwe-longitudinal yekhebula, futhi athinte ukusebenza kwekhebula. Ngemva kweminyaka yocwaningo nokuhlolwa kwamazwe ngamazwe, maphakathi nawo-1980, ukuthola indlela yokuqeda indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhiqiza izihlahla zamanzi, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokukhipha ikhebula eligoqwe ngongqimba lokumuncwa kwamanzi nokwandiswa komgoqo wamanzi ukuze uvimbele. futhi unciphise ukukhula kwezihlahla zamanzi, ukuvimbela amanzi kukhebula ngaphakathi kokusabalala kwe-longitudinal; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokulimala kwangaphandle nokungena kwamanzi, umgoqo wamanzi ungaphinde uvimbele ngokushesha amanzi, hhayi ekusakazweni kwekhebula longitudinal.
3 Uhlolojikelele lwesithiyo samanzi sekhebula
3. 1 Ukuhlelwa kwezivimbi zamanzi zekhebula le-fiber optic
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa izithiyo zamanzi zekhebula le-optical, ezingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngesakhiwo, ikhwalithi kanye nokuqina. Ngokuvamile, zingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngesakhiwo sazo: isitophu samanzi esinezinhlangothi ezimbili esine-laminated, isitophu samanzi esinwetshiwe esinohlangothi olulodwa kanye ne-waterstop yefilimu eyinhlanganisela. Umsebenzi wokuvimbela amanzi wesithiyo samanzi ubangelwa ikakhulukazi izinto zokumunca amanzi aphezulu (okuthiwa umgoqo wamanzi), ezingavuvuka ngokushesha ngemva kokuba umgoqo wamanzi uhlangane namanzi, wakhe umthamo omkhulu wejeli (umgoqo wamanzi ungamunca izikhathi ezingamakhulukhulu amanzi kunawo uqobo), ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbela ukukhula kwesihlahla samanzi futhi kuvimbele ukuqhubeka nokungena nokusabalala kwamanzi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-polysaccharides emvelo namakhemikhali ashintshiwe.
Nakuba lezi zivimbeli zamanzi zemvelo noma ze-semi-natural zinezakhiwo ezinhle, zinezinkinga ezimbili ezibulalayo:
1) ziyakwazi ukubola futhi 2) zivutha kakhulu. Lokhu kubenza bangenzeki ukuthi basetshenziswe ezintweni zekhebula le-fiber optic. Olunye uhlobo lwezinto zokwenziwa emanzini okuphikisayo zimelelwa ama-polyacrylates, angasetshenziswa njengamanzi aphikisana nezintambo ze-optical ngoba ahlangabezana nezidingo ezilandelayo: 1) uma omile, angakwazi ukumelana nokucindezeleka okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwezintambo ezibonakalayo;
I-2) uma yomile, ingakwazi ukumelana nezimo zokusebenza zezintambo ze-optical (ibhayisikili eshisayo ukusuka ekamelweni lokushisa kuya ku-90 ° C) ngaphandle kokuthinta impilo yekhebula, futhi ingamelana nokushisa okuphezulu isikhathi esifushane;
3) lapho amanzi engena, angavuvuka ngokushesha futhi enze ijeli ngesivinini sokwandisa.
4) khiqiza ijeli elibukhali kakhulu, ngisho namazinga okushisa aphezulu i-viscosity yejeli izinzile isikhathi eside.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezixosha amanzi kungahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezindlela zamakhemikhali zendabuko - indlela yesigaba esihlehlisiwe (indlela yokuxhumanisa amanzi ngamafutha e-polymerization), indlela yabo yokuxhumanisa i-polymerization - indlela yediski, indlela ye-irradiation - "cobalt 60" γ - ray indlela. Indlela yokuxhumanisa isekelwe endleleni ye-"cobalt 60" γ-radiation. Izindlela ezihlukene zokuhlanganisa zineziqu ezihlukene ze-polymerisation kanye nokuxhumanisa futhi ngakho-ke izidingo eziqinile kakhulu ze-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi edingekayo kumateyipu okuvimbela amanzi. Ambalwa kakhulu ama-polyacrylates angahlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezine ezingenhla, ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho okungokoqobo, ama-ejenti avimbela amanzi (ama-resin amunca amanzi) awakwazi ukusetshenziswa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe engxenyeni eyodwa ye-sodium polyacrylate exhunywe ngenhla, kufanele isetshenziswe indlela yokuxhumanisa i-multi-polymer cross-linking (okungukuthi ingxenye ehlukahlukene yengxube ye-sodium polyacrylate) ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuphindaphinda kokumuncwa kwamanzi okusheshayo nokuphakeme. Izidingo eziyisisekelo yilezi: ukumuncwa kwamanzi amaningi kungafinyelela izikhathi ezingaba ngu-400, izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi lingafinyelela umzuzu wokuqala ukuze limunce u-75% wamanzi amuncwa ukumelana kwamanzi; amanzi amelana nokomisa izidingo zokuzinza ezishisayo: ukumelana nokushisa kwesikhathi eside kwe-90 ° C, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza kwe-160 ° C, ukumelana nokushisa okuphuthumayo kwe-230 ° C (okubaluleke kakhulu ikhebula eliyinhlanganisela ye-photoelectric enezimpawu zikagesi); ukumuncwa kwamanzi ngemva kokwakhiwa kwezidingo zokuzinza kwejeli: ngemva kwemijikelezo eminingana yokushisa (20 ° C ~ 95 ° C) Ukuzinza kwejeli ngemva kokumuncwa kwamanzi kudinga: ijeli ye-viscosity ephezulu namandla ejeli ngemva kwemijikelezo eminingana yokushisa (20 ° C kuya ku-95 ° C). C). Ukuzinza kwejeli kuyahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi indlela yokuhlanganisa kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswa umenzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, hhayi ngokushesha izinga lokunwetshwa, okungcono, eminye imikhiqizo iphishekela ijubane elilodwa ohlangothini olulodwa, ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo akusizi ekuzinzeni kwe-hydrogel, ukucekelwa phansi komthamo wokugcina amanzi, kepha hhayi ukufeza umphumela ukumelana namanzi.
3. Izici ze-3 ze-tape yokuvimbela amanzi Njengekhebula ekukhiqizeni, ekuhloleni, ekuthuthweni, ekugcinweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwenqubo ukumelana nokuhlolwa kwemvelo, ngakho-ke ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kwekhebula le-optical, i-cable water-blocking tape. izidingo zimi kanje:
1) ukubukeka kwe-fiber ukusatshalaliswa, izinto eziyinhlanganisela ngaphandle kwe-delamination kanye nempushana, enamandla athile omshini, afanele izidingo zekhebula;
2) iyunifomu, ephindaphindwayo, ikhwalithi ezinzile, ekwakhiweni kwekhebula ngeke kuncishiswe futhi kukhiqizwe.
3) ingcindezi yokunwetshwa okuphezulu, isivinini sokunwetshwa okusheshayo, ukuzinza okuhle kwejeli;
4) ukuzinza okuhle kokushisa, okulungele ukucubungula okuhlukahlukene okulandelayo;
5) ukuzinza okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali, akuqukethe noma yiziphi izingxenye ezonakalisayo, ukumelana namabhaktheriya nokuguguleka kwesikhunta;
6) ukuhambisana okuhle nezinye izinto zekhebula le-optical, ukumelana ne-oxidation, njll.
4 Amazinga okusebenza okuvimbela amanzi ekhebula elibonakalayo
Inombolo enkulu yemiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi ukumelana kwamanzi okungafaneleki ekuzinzeni kwesikhathi eside kokusebenza kokudluliswa kwekhebula kuzoveza umonakalo omkhulu. Lokhu kulimala, ohlelweni lokukhiqiza kanye nokuhlolwa kwefekthri kwekhebula le-fiber optical kunzima ukukuthola, kodwa kancane kancane kuzovela ohlelweni lokubeka ikhebula ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa okufika ngesikhathi kwamazinga okuhlola aphelele futhi anembile, ukuthola isisekelo sokuhlolwa kwawo wonke amaqembu angamukela, kuye kwaba umsebenzi ophuthumayo. Ucwaningo olunzulu lomlobi, ukuhlola kanye nokuhlolwa kwamabhande okuvimbela amanzi kuye kwanikeza isisekelo esanele sobuchwepheshe sokuthuthukiswa kwezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe zamabhande okuvimbela amanzi. Nquma amapharamitha okusebenza yenani lokuvimbela amanzi ngokususelwe kokulandelayo:
1) izimfuneko zezinga lekhebula le-optical esitobhini samanzi (ikakhulukazi izimfuneko zezinto zekhebula elibonakalayo elisezingeni lekhebula elikhanyayo);
2) ulwazi ekwenziweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezithiyo zamanzi kanye nemibiko yokuhlola efanele;
I-3) imiphumela yocwaningo ngethonya lezimpawu zamateyipu okuvimbela amanzi ekusebenzeni kwezintambo ze-fiber optical.
4. 1 Ukubukeka
Ukubonakala kwe-tape yokuvimbela amanzi kufanele kube izintambo ezisakazwa ngokulinganayo; ubuso kufanele bube buyisicaba futhi bungabi nemibimbi, ama-creases nezinyembezi; akufanele kube khona ukuhlukaniswa ngobubanzi be-tape; impahla eyinhlanganisela kufanele ingabi nama-delamination; i-tape kufanele iboshwe ngokuqinile futhi emaphethelweni e-tape ebanjwe ngesandla kufanele ikhululeke "kusimo sesigqoko sotshani".
4.2 Amandla omshini we-watertop
Amandla aqinile we-waterstop ancike endleleni yokwenziwa kwetheyiphu ye-polyester engalukiwe, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zobuningi, indlela ye-viscose ingcono kunendlela yokukhiqiza eshisayo yokukhiqiza amandla aqinile womkhiqizo, ukujiya nakho kuncane. Amandla aqinile wetheyiphu yokuvimbela amanzi ayahlukahluka kuye ngendlela ikhebula elisongwe ngayo noma eligoqwe ngayo ikhebula.
Lesi yinkomba eyinhloko yamabhande amabili okuvimbela amanzi, lapho indlela yokuhlola kufanele ihlanganiswe nedivayisi, uketshezi kanye nenqubo yokuhlola. Izinto eziyinhloko zokuvimbela amanzi ku-tape yokuvimbela amanzi ingxenye ye-sodium polyacrylate e-cross-linked kanye nokuphuma kwayo, okuzwela ukwakheka kanye nemvelo yezidingo zekhwalithi yamanzi, ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinga lokuvuvukala kokuphakama kwamanzi- i-blocking tape, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanjululwe kuzophumelela (amanzi acwecwe asetshenziswa ekuxazululeni), ngoba ayikho ingxenye ye-anionic ne-cationic emanzini angcolile, okuyisisekelo samanzi ahlanzekile. Umphindi wokumuncwa we-resin yokumunca amanzi ezimfanelweni zamanzi ezihlukene uyahluka kakhulu, uma isiphindaphindi sokumuncwa emanzini ahlanzekile singamaphesenti angu-100 yenani elivamile; emanzini kampompi angu-40% kuya ku-60% (kuye ngokuthi izinga lamanzi lendawo ngayinye); emanzini olwandle angu-12%; amanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma amanzi e-gutter ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kunzima ukunquma iphesenti lokumunca, futhi inani layo liyoba liphansi kakhulu. Ukuze uqinisekise umphumela wokuvinjelwa kwamanzi nokuphila kwekhebula, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-tape yokuvimbela amanzi enokuphakama kokuvuvukala> 10mm.
4.3Izakhiwo zikagesi
Ngokuvamile, ikhebula le-optical aliqukethe ukudluliswa kwezimpawu zikagesi zocingo lwensimbi, ngakho-ke akubandakanyi ukusetshenziswa kwetheyiphu yamanzi yokumelana ne-semi-conducting, kuphela i-33 Wang Qiang, njll.: i-optical cable water resistance tape.
Ikhebula lenhlanganisela kagesi ngaphambi kokuba khona kwezimpawu zikagesi, izidingo ezithile ngokusho kwesakhiwo sekhebula ngenkontileka.
4.4 Ukuzinza kwe-thermal Izinhlobo eziningi zamateyipu okuvimbela amanzi zingahlangabezana nezidingo zokuzinza kwe-thermal: ukumelana nokushisa kwesikhathi eside kwe-90 ° C, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokusebenza lika-160 ° C, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa okungama-230 ° C. Ukusebenza kwe-tape yokuvimbela amanzi akufanele kushintshe ngemva kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe kulawa mazinga okushisa.
Amandla ejeli kufanele abe yisici esibaluleke kakhulu sempahla ye-intumescent, kuyilapho izinga lokunweba lisetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhawulela ubude bokungena kwamanzi kokuqala (ngaphansi kwe-1 m). Impahla enhle yokwandisa kufanele ibe nezinga lokunweba elilungile kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu. Impahla yokuvimbela amanzi empofu, ngisho nenani eliphezulu lokunwetshwa kanye ne-viscosity ephansi, izoba nezindawo ezimbi zokuvimbela amanzi. Lokhu kungahlolwa uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lemijikelezo yokushisa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-hydrolytic, ijeli izophuka ibe uketshezi oluncane lwe-viscosity oluzolimaza ikhwalithi yalo. Lokhu kufezwa ngokugqugquzela ukumiswa kwamanzi okuhlanzekile okuqukethe i-powder yokuvuvukala amahora angu-2. Ijeli ewumphumela ibe-ke ihlukaniswa emanzini engeziwe futhi ifakwe ku-viscometer ejikelezayo ukuze kukale i-viscosity ngaphambi nangemuva kwamahora angu-24 ku-95°C. Umehluko ekuzinzeni kwejeli uyabonakala. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngemijikelezo ka-8h ukusuka ku-20°C kuya ku-95°C kanye no-8h ukusuka ku-95°C kuya ku-20°C. Amazinga afanelekile aseJalimane adinga imijikelezo engu-126 ye-8h.
4. 5 Ukuhambisana Ukuhambisana kwesithiyo samanzi kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ngokuphathelene nempilo yentambo ye-fiber optic futhi kufanele kucatshangelwe maqondana nezinto zekhebula le-fiber optic ezihilelekile kuze kube manje. Njengoba ukuhambisana kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuze kubonakale, ukuhlolwa kokuguga okusheshisiwe kufanele kusetshenziswe, okungukuthi isifanekiso sempahla yekhebula siyasulwa sihlanzeke, kusongwe ngongqimba lwetheyiphu eyomile yokumelana namanzi futhi sigcinwe egumbini lokushisa elingashintshi ku-100 ° C kuze kube ngu-10. izinsuku, emva kwalokho ikhwalithi iyakalwa. Amandla aqinile kanye nobude bento akumele kuguquke ngaphezu kuka-20% ngemva kokuhlolwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-22-2022