1 Isingeniso
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kule minyaka eyishumi edlule noma ngakho-ke, insimu yokusetshenziswa kwezintambo ze-fiber optic ibilokhu yanda. Njengoba izidingo zezemvelo ze-fiber optic maked ziqhubekile ukwanda, ngakho-ke yenza izidingo zekhwalithi yezinto zokwakha ezisetshenziswa kumakhekhe we-fiber optic. I-fiber optic ikhebula lamanzi okuvinjwa kwamanzi liyinto ejwayelekile evimba amanzi esetshenziswa embonini ye-fiber optic, iqhaza lokuvalwa kwamandla, futhi ukufudumala kanye nokusebenza kwalo kuthuthukiswa njalo ngentuthuko yentambo ye-fiber optic. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isakhiwo esithi "Umgogodla owomile" wethulwa kwikhebula le-Optical. Lolu hlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo zokubamba amanzi amakhebula luvame ukuhlanganiswa kweteyipu, intambo noma i-coating ukuvikela amanzi ukuthi angenise isikhathi eside emqondweni wekhebula. Ngokwamukelwa okukhulayo kwe-Core Core Core Fiber Optic Cound, izinto ezomile ze-fiber table yensimbi zithatha indawo ngokushesha zithatha indawo yendabuko yendabuko esuselwa kukhethini kaphethiloli. Izinto ezibalulekile ezomile zisebenzisa i-polymer edonsa ngokushesha amanzi ukwakha i-hydrogel, evuvukala futhi igcwalise iziteshi zokungena kwamanzi kwekhebula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba impahla eyomile eyisisekelo ayinayo i-grease enamathela, akukho okusula, izixazululo noma izihlanzayo kudingeka ukulungiselela ikhebula ukuhlukanisa, kanye nesikhathi sokuhlukanisa ikhebula kuncishiswe kakhulu. Isisindo esikhanyayo sekhebula kanye nokunamathela okuhle phakathi kwentambo eqinisiwe yangaphandle kanye ne-sheath akuncishisiwe, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo.
2 umthelela wamanzi kukhebula nendlela yokumelana namanzi
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani kufanele kuthathwe izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuvinjwa kwamanzi ukuthi zingena ngentambo zizobola nge-hydrogen kanye nama-otions, ezizokhulisa ukulahleka kokudluliselwa kwefayibha, kunciphise ukusebenza kwefayibha futhi kunciphise impilo yentambo. Izindlela ezivame ukuvinjwa zamanzi zigcwaliswa nge-petroleum anamathisela futhi angeze itheyiphu evinjwa amanzi, egcwele igebe phakathi komgogodla wekhebula kanye nomswakama ukuvimbela ukusakazeka okuthe mpompiwe.
Lapho ama-zokwenziwa wokwenziwa asetshenziswa ngamanani amakhulu njengabahlaziyikazi ezintabeni ze-fiber optic (okokuqala kumakhebuli), lezi zinto zokufaka ezifakayo nazo azivikelekile ekungeneni kwamanzi. Ukwakheka "kwezihlahla zamanzi" ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo yisizathu esiyinhloko somthelela ekusebenzeni kokuhambisa. Indlela lapho impahla efaka khona ithinteka yizihlahla zamanzi zivame ukuchazwa kanjena: Ngenxa yensimu eqinile kagesi (enye i-hypothesis ukuthi amakhemikhali aphezulu we-resin ashintshiwe ngama-resin ama-pores akhona ku-phric-pores ekhona ku-phric optic cable. Ama-molecule wamanzi azongena ngenani elihlukile lama-pores amancane ku-Cable Sheath Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Material Material impahla ye-sheath, ekwakheni "izihlahla zamanzi", kancane kancane aqongelela inani elikhulu lamanzi bese elisakazeka ekuqondisweni kwentambo, futhi athinte ukusebenza kwentambo. Ngemuva kweminyaka yokucwaninga kwamazwe omhlaba kanye nokuhlolwa, maphakathi nawo-1980s, ukuthola indlela yokuqeda indlela engcono yokukhiqiza izihlahla zamanzi ukuze uvimbele futhi wehlise ukukhula kwezihlahla zamanzi, kuvimba amanzi ngentambo ngaphakathi kokusabalala okude; Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yomonakalo wangaphandle nokufakwa kwamanzi, isithiyo samanzi singavimba futhi ngokushesha amanzi, hhayi ekusakazeni okude yekhebula.
Ukubuka konke kwesithiyo samanzi
3. Ukuhlukaniswa okungu-1 kwezithiyo zamanzi we-fiber optic
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa izithiyo zamanzi ezi-optical ikhebula, ezingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngesakhiwo sazo, ikhwalithi nobukhulu. Ngokuvamile, zingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngesakhiwo sazo: I-Wattop ye-Wattop ebilisiwe ebilisiwe, i-Wattolop Eseceleni Ehlanganisiwe kanye ne-Composop yamafilimu. Umsebenzi wokuvimba amanzi we-water barriers kungenxa yezinto eziphakeme zokutholwa kwamanzi (ezibizwa nge-water barrier), ezingakhuza amanani amaningi ngemuva kosuku lwazo), ngaleyo ndlela zivimbele ukukhula kwesihlahla samanzi futhi kuvinjelwe ukuqhubeka kokungena kwamanzi nokusakazeka kwamanzi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-polysaccharides wemvelo nawokuguquko.
Yize lezi zinto ezivimba amanzi zemvelo noma zemvelo zinezakhiwo ezinhle, zinezinkinga ezimbili ezibulalayo:
1) Ayi-biodegradable futhi 2) avutha kakhulu. Lokhu kubenza bangahle basetshenziswe ezintweni zokwakha amakhebula we-fiber optic. Olunye uhlobo lwento yokwenziwa ekumelaneni kwamanzi umelwe ama-polycacrylates, angasetshenziswa njengamanzi aphikisa amakhethini abonayo ngoba ahlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo: 1) lapho ezomile, zingamelana nezingcindezi ezikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sezintambo ze-optical;
2) Uma womile, angamelana nezimo zokusebenza kwamakhebuli e-optical (ukuhamba ngebhayisikile kusuka ekushiseni kwegumbi kuya ku-90 ° C) ngaphandle kokuthinta impilo yesikhathi esifushane;
3) Lapho amanzi engena, angagxuma ngokushesha futhi akha ijeli ngejubane lokunwetshwa.
4) Khiqiza ijeli ebonakalayo kakhulu, ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphezulu okubonakala kwe-gel kuzinze isikhathi eside.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezici zamanzi kungahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezindlela zendabuko zamakhemikhali - Indlela yokubuyiselwa emuva (indlela yokuxhumanisa amanzi (indlela yokuxhumanisa amanzi endaweni yokuxhumanisa i-polymerization), indlela yabo yokuxhumanisa i-polymerization), indlela ye-prosk, i-cobalt 60 " Indlela yokuxhumanisa ngokuwela isuselwa kwi "Cobalt 60" Indlela Yemisebe Yemisebe ye-Oγ-. Izindlela ezahlukahlukene ze-synthesis zinamazinga ahlukene we-polymerication kanye nokuxhumeka ngokuxhumanisa ngakho-ke izidingo eziqinile kakhulu ze-ejenti yokuvinjwa kwamanzi ezidingekayo ompompi bokuvimba amanzi. Ama-polycrylate ambalwa kakhulu angahlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezine ezingenhla, ngokusho okuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo, ama-ejenti wokuvinjwa kwamanzi (ama-resins angena emanzini) angeke asetshenziswe ngendlela evuthayo ye-sodium polyacrylate) ukuze afinyelele inhloso yamanzi asheshayo nawokuphakama ukuphindaphindwa kokutholwa. Izidingo eziyisisekelo yilezi: Ukutholwa kwamanzi amaningi kungafinyelela izikhathi ezingaba ngu-400, isilinganiso sokufakwa kwamanzi singafinyelela umzuzu wokuqala wokuthola ama-75% amanzi amunca amandla okulwa kwamanzi; Vumelana Njalo Amanzi Emisa Ukuqina Kwezidingo Zokuqina Kwe-Thermal Ukutholwa kwamanzi ngemuva kokwakheka kwezidingo zokuqina kwe-gel: Ngemuva kwemijikelezo eminingana eshisayo (20 ° C ~ 95 ° C) Ukuqina kwejeli ngemuva kokutholwa kwamanzi okudingayo Ukuqina kwejeli kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendlela yokuhlanganiswa kanye nezinto zokwakha ezisetshenziswa ngumenzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, hhayi ngokushesha inani lokunwebeka, okungcono, eminye imikhiqizo ukuphishekela okukodwa kwesivinini, ukusetshenziswa kwezengezo akusilungele ukuqina kwe-hydrogel, ukubhujiswa komthamo wokugcinwa kwamanzi, kepha hhayi ukufeza umphumela wokuphikiswa kwamanzi.
3. Izici ezi-3 zeteyipu evimba amanzi njengentambo ekwenzeni, ekuhlolweni, ezokuhamba, ukugcinwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwenqubo yokumelana nekhebula lezemvelo, izidingo zamathemu okuvinjwa kwamanzi zimi ngokulandelayo:
1) Ukubukwa kokusatshalaliswa kwefilimu, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ngaphandle kokulibazisa nempuphu, ngamandla athile okusebenza, alungele izidingo zekhebula;
2) umfaniswano, ophindaphindwayo, osezingeni eliphakeme, ekwakhekeni kwentambo ngeke ahlanjululwe futhi akhiqize
3) ingcindezi yokunwebeka ephezulu, isivinini sokunwebeka okusheshayo, ukuqina okuhle kwe-gel;
4) Ukuqina okuhle okushisayo, kufanelekile ekucutshungweni okuhlukahlukene okulandelayo;
5) Ukuqina okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali, akuqukethe noma yiziphi izakhi eziwonakalisiwe, ukumelana namagciwane kanye nokuguguleka kokubumba;
6) Ukuhambisana okuhle nezinye izinto zekhebula le-optical, ukumelana oxidation, njll.
Amazinga wokusebenza wamanzi we-4 amakhebula amanzi
Inani elikhulu lemiphumela yocwaningo libonisa ukuthi ukumelana kwamanzi okungaqinisekisiwe ekuzinweni kwesikhathi eside ukusebenza kokusebenza kwentambo kuzokhiqiza ukulimala okukhulu. Lokhu kulimala, enqubweni yokukhiqiza kanye nokuhlolwa kwefekthri ye-Optical fiber ikhebula kunzima ukuthola, kepha kuzovela kancane kancane kwinqubo yokubeka ikhebula ngemuva kokusebenzisa. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa okufika ngesikhathi kwezindinganiso zokuhlola eziphelele nezinembile, ukuthola isisekelo sokuhlola wonke amaqembu angavuma, sekuphenduke umsebenzi ophuthumayo. Ucwaningo olunzulu lombhali, ukuhlola kanye nokuhlolwa kwamabhande okuvinjwa kwamanzi kunikeze isisekelo sobuchwepheshe esanele sokuthuthukiswa kwamazinga obuchwepheshe amabhande okuvinjwa kwamanzi. Nquma amapharamitha okusebenza wenani lokuvila kwamanzi ngokususelwa kokulandelayo:
1) Izidingo ze-Optical Cable Standard ye-Waterstop (ikakhulukazi izidingo ze-Optical Cable Material ku-Optical Cable Standard);
2) isipiliyoni ekwenziweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezithiyo zamanzi nemibiko yokuhlola efanele;
3) Imiphumela yokucwaninga ethonyeni lezimpawu zamateyipu avimba amanzi ekwenzeni izintambo ze-fiber aptical.
4. 1 ukubukeka
Ukuvela kwetayipuni lamanzi okuvila kufanele kusatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo; Ingaphezulu kufanele libe lifulethi futhi likhululekile emibimbi, ephuma nezinyembezi; Akufanele kube khona ukuqhekeka ebubanzilweni weteyipu; Izinto ezihlanganisiwe kufanele zikhululeke ekuhlelekeni; Itheyipu kufanele ilinyaze ngokuqinile futhi imiphetho yetheyipu ephethwe ngesandla kufanele ibe mahhala kusuka ku- "Shape hat ham".
4.2 Amandla Omshini WeWaternal
Amandla ashubile eWaterstop ancike endleleni yokwenziwa kwetheyipu ye-polyester okungeyona eyenziwe, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, indlela ye-viscose ingcono kunendlela evuthayo yokukhiqiza amandla ashubile, ubukhulu bubuncana futhi. Amandla axegayo etheyipu yokubamba yamanzi ayahlukahluka ngokuya ngendlela intambo esongelwe ngayo noma esongwe ngayo ikhebula.
Lesi yinkomba ebalulekile yamabhande amabili avinjelwe amanzi, lapho indlela yokuhlola kufanele ihlanganiswe khona ngedivayisi, inqubo yoketshezi neyokuhlola. Izinto eziphambili ezivimba amanzi etheyipu evimba amanzi zixhumene ne-sodium polyacrylate ngokwengxenye kanye nezinto zokutholwa zalo, ezizwela ukwakheka kwezidingo zekhwalithi yamanzi, ngoba i-anionic nezempi isetshenziswa ekulamuleni), ngoba ayikho ingxenye ye-anionic ne-catione Amanzi ahlanzekile ayisisekelo. Isiphindaphindeki somunwe sokuvunyelwa kwamanzi ngezimfanelo zamanzi ahlukene siyahlukahluka, uma abaningi abaphindaphindeka emanzini amsulwa bangama-100% wenani eliphakeme; empompini wamanzi yi-40% kuya ku-60% (kuya ngekhwalithi yamanzi indawo ngayinye); emanzi olwandle kungu-12%; Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma amanzi gutter ayinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, kunzima ukunquma amaphesenti amunculity, futhi inani lawo lizophansi kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa umphumela wokuvinjwa kwamanzi kanye nempilo yekhebula, kungcono ukusebenzisa itheyiphu yesithiyo samanzi ngokuphakama kokuvuvukala kwe> 10mm.
4.3electsrical Properties
Ngokuvamile, ikhebula le-optical aliqukethe ukuhanjiswa kwezimpawu zikagesi zocingo lwensimbi, ngakho-ke ungahileli ukusetshenziswa kwe-semi-kwenziwa ngokumelana namanzi wokumelana, njll.
Ikhebula le-Electrical Composite ngaphambi kokubakhona kwamasiginali kagesi, izidingo ezithile ngokuya ngesakhiwo sekhebula yinkontileka.
4.4 Ukuqina okushisayo izinhlobonhlobo zamateyipu okuvinjwa kwamanzi kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokuqina okushisayo: ukumelana kwezinga lokushisa isikhathi eside kwe-90 ° C, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elingu-160 ° C, ukumelana nokushisa okungu-230 ° C. Ukusebenza kweteyiphu yokuvimba amanzi akufanele kuguquke ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe ngalezi zinto zokushisa.
Amandla we-gel kufanele abe yisici esibaluleke kakhulu sento ye-intumescent, ngenkathi inani lokunwetshwa lisetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhawulela ubude bokungena kwamanzi kokuqala (ngaphansi kwe-1 m). Izinto ezinhle zokunwebeka kufanele zibe nezinga lokunwetshwa kahle nokuvunywa okuphezulu. Izinto ezibucayi zamanzi ezimbi, ngisho nangezinga lokunwebeka eliphakeme kanye nokubonakala okuphansi, kuzoba nezindawo ezimbi zokuvimba amanzi. Lokhu kungahlolwa uma kuqhathaniswa nenqwaba yemijikelezo eshisayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-hydrolytic, ijeli izokwehlela uketshezi oluphansi lokubona oluzowohloka oluzowohloka ikhwalithi yalo. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuvusa ukumiswa kwamanzi okuhlanzekile okuqukethe i-powder yokuvuvukala ngo-2 h. Ijeli eliphumayo lihlukaniswe namanzi amaningi futhi libekwe esibonelweni esijikelezayo ukukala i-viscosity ngaphambi nangemva kwe-24 h ngo-95 ° C. Umehluko ekuqineni kwe-gel uyabonakala. This is usually done in cycles of 8h from 20°C to 95°C and 8h from 95°C to 20°C. Izindinganiso ezifanele zaseJalimane zidinga imijikelezo engu-126 ye-8h.
4. 5 Ukuvumelana Ukuhambisana kwesithiyo samanzi kuyisimo esibaluleke kakhulu maqondana nempilo yentambo ye-fiber optic futhi ngakho-ke kufanele kubhekwe maqondana nezinto zokwakha amakhebula wefayibha. Njengoba ukuhambisana kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuba kubonakale, okusheshayo kokukhuphuka kokuguga kufanele kusetshenziswe, okungukuthi i-Cable Action Specinen isuswe ihlanzekile, iboshwe ngesendlalelo setheyibheli elomile lamanzi futhi igcinwe egumbini lokushisa lamanzi alomile ku-100 ° C izinsuku eziyi-10, ngemuva kwalokho ikhwalithi isindwa. Amandla ashubeni kanye nokubumba okubonakalayo akufanele kuguqulwe ngaphezulu kwama-20% ngemuva kokuhlolwa.
Isikhathi Seposi: Jul-22-2022