Ukumelana nemvelo kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwekhebula ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside, ukuphepha, kanye nokuthembeka. Izintambo zivame ukuchayeka ezimweni ezinzima njengamanzi/umswakama, amakhemikhali, imisebe ye-UV, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, kanye nokucindezeleka komshini. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele ezinokumelana nemvelo okufanele kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kanye nokwandisa impilo yesevisi yekhebula.
Lesi sigaba sihlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zokumelana kwemvelo ezidingekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwekhebula okuhlukahlukene.
Ijazi noma igobolondo langaphandle lisebenza njengomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ezicini zemvelo. Ngokuvamile livezwa amakhemikhali, amanzi, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nemisebe ye-UV. Izinto eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukugqokisa ijazi langaphandle yileziI-PVC (i-Polyvinyl Chloride), PE (i-Polyethylene), kanyeI-LSZH (I-Low Smoke Zero Halogen), ngalinye linikeza amazinga ahlukene okumelana kuye ngezidingo zokusetshenziswa.
1. Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali, Uwoyela, kanye Ne-Hydrocarbon
Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza kwekhebula, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, uwoyela, noma ama-hydrocarbon kungenzeka, kungaba ngokuchitheka ngengozi noma ukuthintana okuqhubekayo ezindaweni zezimboni. Ukuchayeka okunjalo kungalimaza igobolondo langaphandle, okuholela ekuqhekekeni, ekuvuvukeni, noma ekulahlekelweni kwezakhiwo zemishini.
Ukukhetha izinto eziqinile ukumelana namakhemikhali kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula ligcina ubuqotho balo, ukusebenza kwalo, kanye nokuthembeka kwalo kukho konke ukuphila kwalo.
Izinhlobo Zokuchayeka Kwamakhemikhali:
Amakhemikhali Egesi: Amakhemikhali egesi ngokuvamile ane-reactivity ephansi nama-polymer njengoba engangeni ngokujulile ezintweni. Kodwa-ke, amagesi asabelayo njenge-chlorine noma i-ozone angabangela ukuwohloka kobuso futhi athinte kakhulu izakhiwo ze-polymer.
Amakhemikhali Awuketshezi: Amakhemikhali awuketshezi avame ukuba yingozi enkulu ngenxa yekhono lawo lokusabalala angene entweni. Lokhu kungaholela ekuvuvukeni, ekufakweni kwepulasitiki, noma ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali kwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-polymer matrix, okonakalisa izakhiwo zemishini kanye nezikagesi.
Ukusebenza Kwezinto Ezibalulekile:
I-PE (i-Polyethylene): Inikeza ukumelana okuhle namakhemikhali amaningi nama-hydrocarbon. Isebenza kahle ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zamakhemikhali kodwa ingaba nomuzwa kuma-oxidizing agents anamandla.
I-PVC (i-Polyvinyl Chloride): Ibonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu namafutha, amakhemikhali, nama-hydrocarbon, ikakhulukazi uma yenziwe ngezithasiselo ezifanele zokumelana namafutha.
I-LSZH (I-Low Smoke Zero Halogen): Inikeza ukumelana okulinganiselwe kumakhemikhali namafutha. Ama-compound e-LSZH aklanyelwe kakhulu ukuphepha emlilweni (akhiqiza intuthu ephansi kanye nobuthi obuphansi ngesikhathi sokusha). Kodwa-ke, amafomula e-LSZH akhethekile angafeza ukumelana okuthuthukisiwe kwamafutha namakhemikhali uma kudingeka.
2. Ukumelana Namanzi Nomswakama
Amakhebula avame ukuchayeka emanzini noma ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu ngesikhathi sokufakwa kanye nokuphila kwawo konke. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumswakama kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kokushisa, ukugqwala kwezingxenye zensimbi, kanye nokwehla kokusebenza kwekhebula iyonke.
Ngakho-ke, ukumelana namanzi kuyisici esibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezintambo eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zangaphandle, ezingaphansi komhlaba, noma zasolwandle.
Phakathi kwezinto ezivamile zokubopha ijakhethi, i-PE (i-Polyethylene) inikeza ukumelana okuhle kwamanzi, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezicelo ezidinga ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi eside ekungeneni komswakama.
Izintambo ezivikelwe nge-Low Voltage kanye ne-Medium Voltage ezinezigxobo ze-LSZH noma ze-PVC ngokuvamile azinconywa ukufakwa ezindaweni ezigcwele amanzi unomphela, njengenhlabathi yobumba noma izindawo ezingaphansi kwetafula lamanzi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izigxobo ze-PE zimelana kakhulu nokufuduka kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-insulation yekhebula. Ngenxa yalokho, izintambo ezinezigxobo ze-PE zifaneleka kakhulu ezimweni ezimanzi futhi cishe zizofinyelela impilo yazo ephelele yokuklama.
Umklamo Wekhebula Elingangeni Manzi:
Ukuze kufezwe ukumelana kwamanzi kwangempela ezintanjeni, kucatshangelwa izindlela ezimbili zokuvikela eziyinhloko:
Ukuvikelwa Kwamanzi Okusabalalayo:
Kufezwe kusetshenziswa izinto ezifana nama-sheath ensimbi eholayo noma amatheyiphu ensimbi/ensimbi ahlanganiswe nama-polymer akhethekile.
Ukuvikelwa Kwamanzi Okude:
Kufezwe kusetshenziswa amateyipu noma izimpushana ezivimba amanzi ezivimbela ukuhamba kwamanzi ngobude bekhebula.
Isilinganiso Sokuvikelwa Kokungena (IP) kanye Nekilasi le-AD7/AD8:
Ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nezigaba zokuvikela i-IP kanye nezilinganiso (njenge-AD7 noma i-AD8) luzokwabelwana ngalo esihlokweni esihlukile.
3. Ukumelana ne-UV
Ukuqonda nokukhetha ukumelana kwemvelo okufanele kwezicelo zekhebula kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside, ukuphepha, kanye nokuthembeka. Izici ezifana nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali, ukungena kwamanzi, imisebe ye-UV, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungathinta kakhulu ubuqotho bekhebula uma kungacatshangelwa kahle ngesikhathi sokukhethwa kwezinto.
Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zesheya langaphandle—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-PVC, i-PE, noma i-LSZH—ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile zemvelo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kwekhebula kanye nokuphila kwesevisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa amasu afanele okuvimba amanzi kanye nokucabangela izilinganiso ze-IP kuqinisa kakhulu ukuvikelwa kwekhebula ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu.
Ngokuhlola ngokucophelela lokhu kumelana kwemvelo, izinhlelo zekhebula zingathuthukiswa kangcono ukuze zihambisane nezinhlelo zazo ezihlosiwe, kuncishiswe izidingo zokulungisa, kuncishiswe izingozi zokuhluleka, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile kulo lonke umjikelezo wazo wokuphila olindelekile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-27-2025