Mayelana namazinga okushisa avumelekile okusebenza esikhathi eside kuma-cable cores, ukwahlukanisa kwenjoloba kuvame ukukalwa ku-65°C, ukugqunywa kwe-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ku-70°C, kanye nokufakwa kwe-polyethylene (XLPE) okuxhunywe ngokuphambanayo ku-90°C. Kumasekhethi amafushane (obude besikhathi obungeqile kumasekhondi angu-5), izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elivumelekile le-conductor ngu-160°C ku-PVC insulation kanye no-250°C ku-XLPE insulation.
I. Umehluko phakathi kwamakhebula e-XLPE namakhebuli e-PVC
1. Izintambo ze-Low Voltage Cross-Linked (XLPE), kusukela ekuqalisweni kwazo maphakathi nawo-1990, zibone ukuthuthuka okusheshayo, manje ezibalwa ingxenye yemakethe kanye nezintambo ze-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ze-PVC, izintambo ze-XLPE zibonisa amandla okuthwala amanje aphezulu, amandla okugcwala anamandla, nempilo ende (ukuphila kwekhebula le-PVC elishisayo ngokuvamile iminyaka engu-20 ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, kuyilapho ukuphila kwekhebula le-XLPE ngokuvamile kuyiminyaka engu-40). Lapho kusha, i-PVC ikhipha intuthu emnyama eningi namagesi anobuthi, kuyilapho ukushiswa kwe-XLPE kungakhiqizi amagesi anobuthi e-halogen. Ukuphakama kwezintambo ezixhunywe ngokuphambanayo kuqashelwa ngokwandayo yimikhakha yokuklama neyokusebenza.
2. Izintambo ezivamile ze-PVC (i-insulation kanye ne-sheath) ziyasha ngokushesha ngokuvutha okuqhubekayo okusheshayo, okubhebhethekisa imililo. Balahlekelwa amandla okunikezwa kwamandla phakathi kwemizuzu engu-1 kuya kwemi-2. Ukushiswa kwe-PVC kukhipha intuthu emnyama ewugqinsi, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuphefumula nezinselele zokuphuma. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukushiswa kwe-PVC kukhipha amagesi anobuthi nadlayo njenge-hydrogen chloride (HCl) nama-dioxins, okuyizimbangela eziyinhloko zokushona kwemililo (okubangela u-80% wokufa okuhlobene nomlilo). Lawa magesi agqwala ezintweni zikagesi, okwenza kube sengozini kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-insulation futhi kuholela ezingozini zesibili okunzima ukuzidambisa.
II. Amakhebuli Angabusheki Amalangabi
1. Izintambo ezikwazi ukunqanda amalangabi kufanele zibonise izici ezikwazi ukunqanda amalangabi futhi zihlukaniswe ngamaleveli amathathu avimbe amalangabi A, B, kanye no-C ngokuya nge-IEC 60332-3-24 “Ukuhlolwa kwezintambo zikagesi ngaphansi kwezimo zomlilo.” Ikilasi A linikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu kokumelana nelangabi.
Ukuhlola ukuvutha okuqhathaniswayo ezintanjeni ezingavimbeli ilangabi nezingawuvimbi umlilo kwenziwe yi-US Standards and Technology Research Institute. Imiphumela elandelayo igqamisa ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa amakhebuli avimbela amalangabi:
a. Izintambo ezivimbela amalangabi zinikeza isikhathi sokubaleka esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-15 uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ezinganqamuki ilangabi.
b. Izintambo ezikwazi ukunqanda amalangabi zishisa ingxenye enkulu nje yezintambo ezinganqamuki ilangabi.
c. Izintambo ezingabambezeli amalangabi zibonisa izinga lokukhishwa kokushisa ingxenye yesine kuphela yaleso sezintambo ezinganqamuki ilangabi.
d. Ukukhishwa kwegesi enobuthi okuvela ekushisweni kuyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yaleyo yemikhiqizo engakhiqizi amalangabi.
e. Ukusebenza kokukhiqiza intuthu akubonisi mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemikhiqizo evimbela amalangabi kanye nengewona amalangabi.
2. Amakhebuli Angenayo I-Halogen-Intuthu Ephansi
Izintambo ezingenalo i-halogen ezinentuthu ephansi kufanele zibe nezimfanelo ezingenayo i-halogen, intuthu ephansi, kanye nezivimbela amalangabi, nezicaciso ezilandelayo:
I-IEC 60754 (ukuhlolwa kwe-halogen-free) IEC 61034 (ukuhlolwa kwentuthu ephansi)
PH I-conductivity enesisindo Ukudlulisa ukukhanya okuncane
PH≥4.3 r≤10us/mm T≥60%
3. Amakhebuli Angashi
a. Izinkomba zokuhlola ukusha kwekhebula elingashi (izinga lokushisa lomlilo nesikhathi) ngokwezinga le-IEC 331-1970 lingu-750°C amahora angu-3. Ngokohlaka olusha lwakamuva lwe-IEC 60331 kusukela ekuvoteni kwakamuva kwe-IEC, izinga lokushisa lomlilo lisukela ku-750°C kuya ku-800°C amahora angu-3.
b. Izintambo nezintambo ezingashi zingahlukaniswa zibe izintambo ezingashi kanye nezintambo ezingashi emlilweni ngokusekelwe kumehluko wezinto ezingezona ezensimbi. Amakhebuli asekhaya angashi ngokuyinhloko asebenzisa amakhondatha anemica-coated kanye nokufakwa okunqande ilangabi okukhishiwe njengesakhiwo sawo esiyinhloko, iningi lawo kuyimikhiqizo Yekilasi B. Lezo ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso Zekilasi A ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amakhasethi e-mica okwenziwa akhethekile kanye nokufakwa kwamaminerali (umgogodla wethusi, umkhono wethusi, ukufakwa kwe-magnesium oxide, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi yi-MI) amakhebuli angasha.
Izintambo ezivimbe umlilo ezifakwe amaminerali azishi, azikhiqizi, azikwazi ukugqwala, azinabuthi, azikwazi ukushayisana, futhi ziyamelana nesifutho samanzi. Aziwa njengamakhebuli angashi, abonisa ukusebenza okuvelele kakhulu kokuvikela umlilo phakathi kwezinhlobo zamakhebula amelana nomlilo. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yabo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi, izindleko zabo ziphakeme, ubude bazo bokukhiqiza bukhawulelwe, i-radius yabo yokugoba inkulu, ukufakwa kwabo kutholakala kalula kumswakama, futhi okwamanje, kunganikezwa kuphela imikhiqizo ye-single-core engu-25mm2 nangaphezulu. Amatheminali azinikele ahlala njalo kanye nezixhumi eziphakathi kuyadingeka, okwenza ukufakwa nokwakha kube nzima kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-07-2023