Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yamandla yaseChina ithole intuthuko esheshayo, yenza izithuthukisi ezibalulekile kubuchwepheshe kanye nabaphathi. Izimpumelelo ezinjenge-ultra-high voltage ne-techcritical technological zibeke iChina njengomholi wembulunga yonke. Intuthuko enkulu yenziwe ngokuhlelela noma ekwakheni kanye nezinga lokusebenza kanye nokuphathwa kokulungisa.
Njengoba amandla e-China, u-petroleum, amakhemikhali, ama-Urban Railstration, izimboni zezimoto, futhi anwebekile ngokushesha, ukwethulwa okulandelanayo kwamaphrojekthi we-Ultra-Pacific ezungeze i-Asia-Pacific Region ezungeze iChina, i-File File kanye ne-Cable Cable yandisiwe ngokushesha.
Umkhakha we-wire kanye ne-Cable Deccurment uqhamuke njengobukhulu phakathi kwamashumi amabili ukwehlukaniswa komkhakha kagesi kanye ne-elekthronikhi, afaka ikota yomkhakha.
I. Isigaba sokuthuthuka esivuthiwe socingo kanye nemboni yamakhebula
Amashifu acashile ekwakhiweni kwezimboni ze-China Cable Cable eminyakeni yamuva abonisa ushintsho kusuka esikhathini sokukhula okusheshayo kokunye kokuvuthwa:
- Ukuqiniswa kwesidingo semakethe kanye nokukhohlisa ekukhuleni kwezimboni, okuholela enkambisweni ekuhambeni kwamasu nezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza, ngobuchwepheshe obumbalwa obuphazamisayo noma obuguqukayo.
- Ukwengamela okuqinile kokulawulwa yiziphathimandla ezifanele, okuhambisana nokugcizelelwa kokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi kanye nesakhiwo somkhiqizo, kuholela ezincekwini ezinhle zemakethe.
- Imiphumela ehlanganisiwe yezici zemboni zangaphandle ze-Macro nezimboni zangaphakathi ziye zakhuthaza amabhizinisi ahambisana nawo abeke phambili ikhwalithi kanye nokubonisa imikhiqizo, ekhombisa ngempumelelo ezomnotho ezikalini ngaphakathi komkhakha.
- Izidingo zokungena embonini, ubunzima obunzima, nobunzima bokutshala imali buye banda, okuholela ekwehlukanisweni kwamabhizinisi. Umphumela weMathewu ubonakale ezinkampanini ezihola phambili, lapho kuvela khona inani lezinkampani ezibuthakathaka eziphuma emakethe nokwehla kwabanabangenela abasha. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezimboni kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kuya ngokuya kusebenza.
- Ngokusho kwemininingwane elandelwayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha, ingxenye yemali engenayo yezinkampani ezisohlwini lwentambo embonini ebanzi ikhule ngokuqinile unyaka nonyaka.
- Ezindaweni ezikhethekile zezimboni ezilungele ukukala okuphakathi, abaholi bezimboni abagcini ngokubhekana nokuhlushwa kwemakethe okuthuthukile kuphela, kepha ukuncintisana kwawo kwamazwe omhlaba sekukhulile.
II. Amathrendi ezinguquko zokuthuthuka
Umthamo Wemakethe
Ngo-2022, inani eliphelele likagesi kazwelonke lafinyelela kuma-863.72 billion kilowatt-amahora, amelela ukukhula ngonyaka ka-3.6%.
Ukwehlukaniswa yimboni:
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okuyisisekelo: 114.6 billion kilowatt-amahora, up nge-10.4%.
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi wesibili kwesekondari: 57,001 billion kilowatt-amahora, phezulu ngo-1.2%.
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kagesi wemfundo ephakeme: 14,859 ama-billion kilowatt-amahora angu-4,4%.
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi wase-Urban kanye nezakhamizi zasemakhaya: 13,366 billion kilowatt-amahora, phezulu ngo-13.8%.
Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 2022, umthamo wokukhulelwa kwamandla wezwe wawufinyelela cishe ama-kiliwatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,56, umaka ukukhula ngonyaka ka-7.8%.
Ngo-2022, inani eliphelele elifakiwe lemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo ledlule ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,2, ane-hydroelectric, amandla omoya, amandla elanga, namandla elanga, namandla okuphehla kwamandla elanga lonke izinga lokuqala kuqala emhlabeni.
Ngokukhethekile, umthamo wamandla omoya wawungamakhilowari angaba yizigidi ezingama-370, ngo-11.2% unyaka nonyaka, kuyilapho amandla kagesi elanga ayengamakhilowari angaba yizigidi ezingama-390, unyaka nonyaka we-28.1%.
Umthamo Wemakethe
Ngo-2022, inani eliphelele likagesi kazwelonke lafinyelela kuma-863.72 billion kilowatt-amahora, amelela ukukhula ngonyaka ka-3.6%.
Ukwehlukaniswa yimboni:
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okuyisisekelo: 114.6 billion kilowatt-amahora, up nge-10.4%.
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi wesibili kwesekondari: 57,001 billion kilowatt-amahora, phezulu ngo-1.2%.
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kagesi wemfundo ephakeme: 14,859 ama-billion kilowatt-amahora angu-4,4%.
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi wase-Urban kanye nezakhamizi zasemakhaya: 13,366 billion kilowatt-amahora, phezulu ngo-13.8%.
Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 2022, umthamo wokukhulelwa kwamandla wezwe wawufinyelela cishe ama-kiliwatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,56, umaka ukukhula ngonyaka ka-7.8%.
Ngo-2022, inani eliphelele elifakiwe lemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo ledlule ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,2, ane-hydroelectric, amandla omoya, amandla elanga, namandla elanga, namandla okuphehla kwamandla elanga lonke izinga lokuqala kuqala emhlabeni.
Ngokukhethekile, umthamo wamandla omoya wawungamakhilowari angaba yizigidi ezingama-370, ngo-11.2% unyaka nonyaka, kuyilapho amandla kagesi elanga ayengamakhilowari angaba yizigidi ezingama-390, unyaka nonyaka we-28.1%.
Isimo sokutshala imali
Ngo-2022, ukutshalwa kwezimali emisebenzini yokwakha yegridi kufinyelele ku-501.2 billion yuan, ukwenyuka konyaka ongama-2.0%.
Izinkampani ezinkulu Zokuphehla Amandla Ngasesizweni aqeda ukutshalwa kwezimali kumaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela bamandla afinyelela ku-720.8 billion yuan, ekhombisa ukwanda konyaka ngo-22.8%. Phakathi kwalokhu, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-hydropower kwakungu-86.3 billion yuan, phansi ngo-26,5% unyaka ngonyaka; Ukutshalwa kwemali kwamandla okushisayo kwakungu-90.9 billion yuan, ngo-28.4% unyaka nonyaka; Ukutshalwa kwemali kwamandla kwenuzi kwakungu-67.7 billion yuan, phezulu ngo-25.7% unyaka ngonyaka.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, eqhutshwa yi- "Belt ne-Road" isinyathelo, iChina iye yandisa kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo kumandla akwa-Afrika, okuholela ekubambisaneni okubanzi kweSini-African Cooperation kanye nokuvela kwamathuba amasha angenakubonwa. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa nezinkinga ezengeziwe zezepolitiki, ezomnotho nezenhlalo, eziholela ezingcupheni ezibalulekile ezivela kuma-engeli ahlukahlukene.
Umbono wemakethe
Njengamanje, iminyango efanelekile ikhiphe imigomo ethile yohlelo lwe- "14th lwezinhlelo ezinhlanu" ngamandla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla, kanye "ne-Intanethi +" isenzo se-Smart Energy Action. Kuqondiswa ukuthuthukiswa kwama-grids ahlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa nakho kwethulwe.
Izisekelo zezomnotho zesikhathi eside zaseChina zihlala zingashintshiwe, zibonakaliswa ukuqina komnotho, okunamandla amakhulu, indawo eyanele yokuqondisa, ukwesekwa kokukhula okuqhubekayo, nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo kokulungiswa kokulungiswa kwezomnotho.
Ngo-2023, amakhono okuphehla amandla e-China asetshenziselwa ukufinyelela kufinyelela kuma-2,55 billion kilowatts, akhuphukela kuma-2,8 billion kilowatt-amahora ngo-2025.
Ukuhlaziywa kusikisela ukuthi imboni yamandla yaseChina ithuthukiswe ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva, ngokunyuka okuningana kwesilinganiso sezimboni. Ngaphansi kwethonya lobuchwepheshe obusha obuphakeme njenge-5G ne-Intanethi yezinto (iot), imboni yamandla yaseChina ingene esigabeni esisha senguquko nokuthuthuka.
Izinselelo Zokuthuthuka
I-China's ehlukahlukene yentuthuko entuthukweni yamandla ehlukahlukene iyabonakala, ngamandla omoya wendabuko kanye nama-Photovoltaic asemaphethelweni ngenkuthalo ekugcinweni kwamandla, amandla e-hydrogen, neminye imikhakha, edala iphethini evumelana namandla amaningi. Isilinganiso esiphelele sokwakhiwa kwe-hydropower asisikhulu, ikakhulukazi sigxile eziteshini zamandla okugcina okugcina, kanti ukwakhiwa kwegridi yamandla kuzo zonke izizwe kubona igagasi elisha lokukhula.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kaChina kungenile isikhathi esibalulekile sezindlela eziguqukayo, ukulungisa izakhiwo, nokushintsha imithombo yamandla. Yize ukuguqulwa kwamandla okuphelele kwenze inqubekela phambili enkulu, isigaba esizayo sokuguqulwa sizobhekana nezinselelo ezinkulu nezithiyo ezinkulu.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi okusheshayo kweChina kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, ukwanda okukhulu kwegridi yamandla, futhi inani elikhulayo lamandla okuphehla amandla okusebenza kwamandla aphezulu, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwamandla wamandla wamandla kugridi konke okuholela ekucushweni kwesistimu yamandla okusebenza kanye nezici zokusebenza.
Ikakhulu, ukwanda kwezingozi ezingezona zendabuko ezalethwa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha obufana nobuchwepheshe bolwazi kuphakamise izidingo eziphakeme zamandla okusekela uhlelo, amandla okuhambisa, ukwethula izinselelo ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamandla okuphephile futhi okuzinzile kohlelo lwamandla.
Isikhathi sePosi: Sep-01-2023