Eminyakeni yakamuva, imboni yamandla yaseShayina ithuthuke ngokushesha, yenza igxathu elibalulekile kukho kokubili ubuchwepheshe nokuphatha. Izimpumelelo ezifana ne-ultra-high voltage kanye nobuchwepheshe obubaluleke kakhulu kubeke i-China njengomholi womhlaba. Inkulu inqubekelaphambili eseyenziwe kusukela ekuhleleni noma ekwakhiweni kanye nezinga lokuphatha kanye nokulungisa.
Njengoba izimboni zamandla, uphethiloli, amakhemikhali, ezokuthutha izitimela zasemadolobheni, ezezimoto, nezakha imikhumbi zaseChina zanda ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ngokusheshisa ukuguqulwa kwegridi, ukwethulwa okulandelanayo kwamaphrojekthi kagesi aphezulu kakhulu, kanye nokushintshwa kokukhiqizwa kwezintambo nezintambo emhlabeni jikelele Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific esigxile eChina, imakethe yezintambo zasekhaya kanye nekhebula ikhule ngokushesha.
Umkhakha wokukhiqiza izintambo namakhebula usuqhamuke njengomkhulu phakathi kwezingxenye ezingaphansi kwamashumi amabili zemboni kagesi neye-elekthronikhi, ebalwa ingxenye yesine yomkhakha.
I. Isigaba Sokuthuthukiswa Kwabantu Abavuthiwe Semboni Yocingo Nekhebula
Ukushintsha okucashile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamakhebula yaseShayina eminyakeni yamuva nje kubonisa inguquko isuka esikhathini sokukhula ngokushesha iye kweyokuvuthwa:
- Ukuqiniswa kwesidingo semakethe kanye nokwehla kwesivinini ekukhuleni kwemboni, okuholela ekuthambekeni ekumisweni kwamasu nezinqubo ezivamile zokukhiqiza, ngobuchwepheshe obuncane obuphazamisayo noma obuguquguqukayo.
- Ukwengamela okuqinile kokulawula okwenziwa yiziphathimandla ezifanele, kuhambisana nokugcizelela ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi nokwakhiwa komkhiqizo, kuholela ezinzuzweni ezinhle zemakethe.
- Imithelela ehlanganisiwe yezici zemboni enkulu yangaphandle nezangaphakathi ikhuthaze amabhizinisi athobelayo ukuba abeke eqhulwini ikhwalithi nophawu, okukhombisa ngempumelelo umnotho wezinga ngaphakathi komkhakha.
- Izidingo zokungena embonini, ubunkimbinkimbi bezobuchwepheshe, kanye namandla okutshalwa kwezimali kuye kwanda, okuholela ekwehlukaneni phakathi kwamabhizinisi. Umphumela we-Matthew usubonakale ezinkampanini ezihamba phambili, ngokukhuphuka kwenani lezinkampani ezibuthakathaka eziphuma emakethe kanye nokwehla kwabasanda kungena. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemboni kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kuya ngokuya kusebenza.
– Ngokwedatha elandelelwe yaphinde yahlaziywa, ingxenye yemali engenayo yezinkampani ezisohlwini lwamakhebula embonini iyonke ilokhu ikhula kancane kancane unyaka nonyaka.
- Ezindaweni ezikhethekile zezimboni ezihambisana nesilinganiso esimaphakathi, abaholi bezimboni ababoni nje ukugxilwa kwezimakethe ezithuthukisiwe, kodwa nokuncintisana kwabo kwamanye amazwe nakho kukhulile.
II. Amathrendi Ezinguqukweni Zokuthuthukiswa
Amandla emakethe
Ngo-2022, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kuzwelonke kwafinyelela ku-863.72 billion kilowatt-hora, okumele ukukhula konyaka nonyaka ngama-3.6%.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngomkhakha:
– Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi embonini eyinhloko: 114.6 billion kilowatt-horas, kukhuphuke ngo-10.4%.
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi embonini yesibili: 57,001 billion kilowatt-horas, kukhuphuke ngo-1.2%.
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi embonini ephakeme: 14,859 billion kilowatt-horas, kukhuphuke ngo-4.4%.
– Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwabahlali basemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya: 13,366 billion kilowatt-horas, kwenyuke ngo-13.8%.
Ekupheleni kukaZibandlela wezi-2022, umthamo wezwe ofakiwe wokuphehla ugesi ufinyelele cishe kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.56, okuphawula ukukhula konyaka ngo-7.8%.
Ngo-2022, inani eliphelele elifakiwe lemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ladlula ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2, ngogesi wamanzi, amandla omoya, amandla elanga, kanye nokukhiqizwa kukagesi we-biomass konke kubekwe kuqala emhlabeni.
Ngokuqondile, amandla omoya omoya ayebalelwa ku-370 million kilowatts, akhuphuka ngo-11.2% unyaka nonyaka, kanti amandla elanga ayebalelwa ku-390 million kilowatts, okuwukukhula konyaka ngo-28.1%.
Amandla emakethe
Ngo-2022, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kuzwelonke kwafinyelela ku-863.72 billion kilowatt-hora, okumele ukukhula konyaka nonyaka ngama-3.6%.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngomkhakha:
– Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi embonini eyinhloko: 114.6 billion kilowatt-horas, kukhuphuke ngo-10.4%.
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi embonini yesibili: 57,001 billion kilowatt-horas, kukhuphuke ngo-1.2%.
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi embonini ephakeme: 14,859 billion kilowatt-horas, kukhuphuke ngo-4.4%.
– Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwabahlali basemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya: 13,366 billion kilowatt-horas, kwenyuke ngo-13.8%.
Ekupheleni kukaZibandlela wezi-2022, umthamo wezwe ofakiwe wokuphehla ugesi ufinyelele cishe kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.56, okuphawula ukukhula konyaka ngo-7.8%.
Ngo-2022, inani eliphelele elifakiwe lemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ladlula ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2, ngogesi wamanzi, amandla omoya, amandla elanga, kanye nokukhiqizwa kukagesi we-biomass konke kubekwe kuqala emhlabeni.
Ngokuqondile, amandla omoya omoya ayebalelwa ku-370 million kilowatts, akhuphuka ngo-11.2% unyaka nonyaka, kanti amandla elanga ayebalelwa ku-390 million kilowatts, okuwukukhula konyaka ngo-28.1%.
Isimo Sotshalomali
Ngo-2022, ukutshalwa kwezimali kumaphrojekthi wokwakha igridi kufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-501.2, okuwukukhula konyaka ngo-2.0%.
Izinkampani ezinkulu eziphehla ugesi ezweni lonke zaphothula ukutshalwa kwezimali kumaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela bamandla esamba semali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-720.8, okubonisa ukukhula konyaka ngonyaka ngama-22.8%. Phakathi kwalokhu, ukutshalwa kwezimali kukagesi ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-86.3, kwehle ngo-26.5% unyaka nonyaka; utshalomali lwamandla ashisayo lwalungama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-90.9, lukhuphuke ngo-28.4% unyaka nonyaka; Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla enuzi bekungama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-67.7, kukhuphuke ngo-25.7% unyaka nonyaka.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, iqhutshwa uhlelo "Ibhande Nomgwaqo", i-China ikhulise kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo emandleni ase-Afrika, okuholele ekwandiseni ububanzi bokubambisana kwe-Sino-Afrika kanye nokuvela kwamathuba amasha angakaze abonwe. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlelo zibandakanya nezindaba eziningi zezombangazwe, ezomnotho, nezenhlalo, okuholela ezingozini ezinkulu ezivela ezinhlangothini ezihlukahlukene.
I-Market Outlook
Njengamanje, iminyango efanele ikhiphe izinjongo ezithile “zoHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lweminyaka Emihlanu” kwezokuthuthukiswa kwamandla namandla, kanye nohlelo lwe-“Internet+” lokusebenza kwamandla obuhlakani. Iziqondiso zokuthuthukiswa kwamagridi ahlakaniphile kanye nezinhlelo zokuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa nazo zethuliwe.
Izisekelo zezomnotho ezinhle zesikhathi eside zaseShayina zihlala zingashintshile, ezibonakala ngokusimama komnotho, amandla amakhulu, indawo eyanele yokuqondisa, ukwesekwa kokukhula okuqhubekayo, kanye nesimo esiqhubekayo sokuthuthukisa ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo somnotho.
Ngo-2023, amandla aseShayina afakiwe okukhiqiza amandla kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ku-2.55 billion kilowatts, akhuphuke afinyelele ku-2.8 billion kilowatt-awa ngo-2025.
Ukuhlaziya kusikisela ukuthi imboni yamandla kagesi yaseShayina ithuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva, nokwanda okukhulu kwezinga lemboni. Ngaphansi kwethonya lobuchwepheshe obusha obuphezulu obufana ne-5G ne-Inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), imboni yamandla yaseShayina ingene esigabeni esisha soshintsho nokuthuthukisa.
Izinselelo Zokuthuthukiswa
Inqubo yentuthuko yaseShayina ehlukahlukene embonini yamandla entsha iyabonakala, ngamandla omoya endabuko kanye nezisekelo ze-photovoltaic ezisebenza ngokuzikhandla zibe okokugcina amandla, amandla e-hydrogen, neminye imikhakha, okwenza iphethini yokuhambisana kwamandla amaningi. Isilinganiso sisonke sokwakhiwa kukagesi ngamanzi asisikhulu, ikakhulukazi sigxile eziteshini zikagesi ezimpontshwayo, kuyilapho ukwakhiwa kwegridi kagesi ezweni lonke kufakazela ukukhula okusha.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla eShayina kungene esikhathini esibalulekile sokushintsha izindlela, ukulungisa izakhiwo, kanye nokushintsha imithombo yamandla. Nakuba ukuguqulwa okubanzi kwamandla sekwenze inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo, isigaba esizayo sezinguquko sizobhekana nezinselele ezinkulu kanye nezithiyo ezinkulu.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kweShayina kanye noguquko nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, ukwanda okukhulu kwegridi kagesi, ukwanda kwamazinga kagesi, inani elikhulayo lamayunithi aphehla amandla aphezulu kanye nepharamitha ephezulu, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwamandla amasha okukhiqiza amandla igridi yonke iholela ekucushweni kwesistimu yamandla eyinkimbinkimbi nezici zokusebenza.
Ikakhulukazi, ukwanda kwezingcuphe okungezona ezendabuko ezilethwa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha obufana nobuchwepheshe bolwazi kuye kwaphakamisa izidingo eziphakeme zamakhono okusekelwa kwesistimu, amandla okudlulisa, namandla okulungisa, okwethula izinselele ezinkulu ekusebenzeni okuphephile nokuzinzile kwamandla. uhlelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-01-2023