Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yamandla yaseShayina ithuthuke ngokushesha, yenza intuthuko enkulu kokubili kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphathwa. Impumelelo efana nobuchwepheshe be-voltage obuphezulu kakhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kakhulu ibeke iShayina njengomholi womhlaba wonke. Intuthuko enkulu yenziwe kusukela ekuhleleni noma ekwakheni kanye nasezingeni lokuphathwa kokusebenza nokugcinwa.
Njengoba izimboni zikagesi, uphethiloli, amakhemikhali, ezokuthutha izitimela zasemadolobheni, izimoto, kanye nezokwakha imikhumbi zaseShayina zanda ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ngokusheshisa kokuguqulwa kwegridi, ukwethulwa okulandelanayo kwamaphrojekthi kagesi aphezulu kakhulu, kanye nokushintsha komhlaba wonke kokukhiqizwa kwezintambo nezintambo esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific esigxile eShayina, imakethe yezintambo nezintambo zasekhaya yanda ngokushesha.
Umkhakha wokukhiqiza izintambo nezintambo uvele njengomkhakha omkhulu phakathi kwezingxenye ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili zemboni kagesi neye-elekthronikhi, ohlanganisa ingxenye yesine yomkhakha.
I. Isigaba Sokuthuthuka Okuvuthiwe Semboni Yezintambo Nezintambo
Ushintsho olucashile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezintambo yaseShayina eminyakeni yamuva nje lubonisa ushintsho oluvela enkathini yokukhula okusheshayo kuya esikhathini sokuvuthwa:
– Ukuzinza kwesidingo semakethe kanye nokwehla kokukhula kwemboni, okuholela ekuthambekeleni kokwenziwa okujwayelekile kwamasu nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezivamile, ngobuchwepheshe obuncane obuphazamisayo noma obushintshayo.
– Ukuqapha okuqinile kwemithetho yiziphathimandla ezifanele, kanye nokugcizelela ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi kanye nokwakhiwa komkhiqizo, kuholela ezikhuthazweni ezinhle zemakethe.
– Imiphumela ehlanganisiwe yezici zangaphandle ezinkulu nezangaphakathi zemboni ishukumisele amabhizinisi athobela imithetho ukuthi abeke phambili ikhwalithi kanye nophawu, okubonisa ngempumelelo umnotho wezinga ngaphakathi komkhakha.
– Izidingo zokungena embonini, ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuqina kokutshalwa kwezimali kukhuphukile, okuholele ekuhlukeni phakathi kwamabhizinisi. Umphumela we-Matthew usuvele usobala phakathi kwezinkampani ezihamba phambili, kanye nokwanda kwenani lezinkampani ezibuthakathaka eziphuma emakethe kanye nokwehla kwabaqalayo abasha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemboni kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kuya ngokuya kusebenza.
– Ngokusho kwedatha elandelwe futhi ehlaziyiwe, ingxenye yemali engenayo yezinkampani ezifakwe ohlwini lwezintambo embonini iyonke ikhule kancane kancane unyaka nonyaka.
– Ezindaweni ezikhethekile zezimboni ezihambisana nesilinganiso esihlanganisiwe, abaholi bezimboni abagcini nje ngokubona ukuhlushwa kwemakethe okuthuthukisiwe, kodwa nokuncintisana kwabo kwamazwe ngamazwe nakho kukhulile.
II. Izitayela Zezinguquko Zentuthuko
Amandla Emakethe
Ngo-2022, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kuzwelonke kufinyelele kuma-kilowatt-hours ayizigidigidi ezingu-863.72, okubonisa ukukhula konyaka nonyaka okungu-3.6%.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezimboni:
– Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okuyinhloko embonini: amahora angama-kilowatt ayizigidigidi eziyi-114.6, okwenyuke ngo-10.4%.
– Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi embonini yesibili: amahora angama-kilowatt ayizigidigidi ezingama-57,001, okwenyuke ngo-1.2%.
– Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi embonini ephakeme: amahora angama-kilowatt ayizigidigidi eziyi-14,859, okwenyuke ngo-4.4%.
– Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya: ama-kilowatt-hour ayizigidigidi eziyi-13,366, okwenyuke ngo-13.8%.
Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 2022, amandla okuphehla ugesi afakiwe ezweni afinyelele cishe kuma-kilowatts ayizigidigidi ezingu-2.56, okubonisa ukukhula konyaka nonyaka okungu-7.8%.
Ngo-2022, amandla afakiwe emithombo yamandla avuselelekayo adlule ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2, kanti amandla kagesi asebenza ngamanzi, amandla omoya, amandla elanga, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-biomass konke kubekwe endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni.
Ngokukhethekile, amandla omoya ayengama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-370, enyuke ngo-11.2% unyaka nonyaka, kuyilapho amandla elanga ayengama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-390, okuwukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka kwama-28.1%.
Amandla Emakethe
Ngo-2022, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kuzwelonke kufinyelele kuma-kilowatt-hours ayizigidigidi ezingu-863.72, okubonisa ukukhula konyaka nonyaka okungu-3.6%.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezimboni:
– Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okuyinhloko embonini: amahora angama-kilowatt ayizigidigidi eziyi-114.6, okwenyuke ngo-10.4%.
– Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi embonini yesibili: amahora angama-kilowatt ayizigidigidi ezingama-57,001, okwenyuke ngo-1.2%.
– Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi embonini ephakeme: amahora angama-kilowatt ayizigidigidi eziyi-14,859, okwenyuke ngo-4.4%.
– Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya: ama-kilowatt-hour ayizigidigidi eziyi-13,366, okwenyuke ngo-13.8%.
Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 2022, amandla okuphehla ugesi afakiwe ezweni afinyelele cishe kuma-kilowatts ayizigidigidi ezingu-2.56, okubonisa ukukhula konyaka nonyaka okungu-7.8%.
Ngo-2022, amandla afakiwe emithombo yamandla avuselelekayo adlule ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2, kanti amandla kagesi asebenza ngamanzi, amandla omoya, amandla elanga, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-biomass konke kubekwe endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni.
Ngokukhethekile, amandla omoya ayengama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-370, enyuke ngo-11.2% unyaka nonyaka, kuyilapho amandla elanga ayengama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-390, okuwukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka kwama-28.1%.
Isimo Sokutshalwa Kwezimali
Ngo-2022, ukutshalwa kwezimali kumaphrojekthi okwakha igridi kwafinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidigidi ezingama-501.2, okuwukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-2.0%.
Izinkampani ezinkulu zokuphehla ugesi ezweni lonke ziqedele ukutshalwa kwezimali kumaphrojekthi obunjiniyela bamandla afinyelela ku-720.8 billion yuan, okubonisa ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-22.8%. Phakathi kwalokhu, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi kwakungu-86.3 billion yuan, kwehle ngo-26.5% unyaka nonyaka; ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla okushisa kwakungu-90.9 billion yuan, kwenyuka ngo-28.4% unyaka nonyaka; ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla enuzi kwakungu-67.7 billion yuan, kwenyuka ngo-25.7% unyaka nonyaka.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iqhutshwa yisinyathelo esithi “Belt and Road”, iShayina yandise kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo emandleni ase-Afrika, okuholele ekwandiseni ukubambisana kwe-China ne-Afrika kanye nokuvela kwamathuba amasha angakaze abonwe. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlelo zihilela nezinkinga zezepolitiki, ezomnotho kanye nezenhlalo, okuholela ezingozini ezinkulu ezivela ezinhlangothini ezahlukene.
Umbono Wemakethe
Njengamanje, iminyango efanele ikhiphe imigomo ethile "yoHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwe-14" ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla namandla, kanye nohlelo lokusebenza kwamandla ahlakaniphile lwe-"Internet+". Iziqondiso zokuthuthukiswa kwamagridi ahlakaniphile kanye nezinhlelo zokuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa nazo zethulwe.
Izisekelo zezomnotho ezinhle zesikhathi eside zaseShayina azikashintshi, zibonakala ngokuqina komnotho, amandla amakhulu, indawo eyanele yokulawula, ukwesekwa kokukhula okuqhubekayo, kanye nomkhuba oqhubekayo wokuthuthukisa ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo somnotho.
Ngo-2023, amandla okuphehla ugesi aseShayina kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.55, akhuphukele kuma-kilowatts-hours ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.8 ngo-2025.
Ukuhlaziywa kusikisela ukuthi imboni yamandla yaseShayina iye yathuthuka ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva nje, kanye nokwanda okukhulu kwemboni. Ngaphansi kwethonya lobuchwepheshe obusha obuphezulu njenge-5G kanye ne-Internet of Things (IoT), imboni yamandla yaseShayina ingene esigabeni esisha sokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa.
Izinselele Zentuthuko
Umkhuba wentuthuko ehlukahlukene waseShayina embonini entsha yamandla uyabonakala, njengoba amandla omoya endabuko kanye nezisekelo ze-photovoltaic zihlukana ngenkuthalo zibe yindawo yokugcina amandla, amandla e-hydrogen, kanye neminye imikhakha, okudala iphethini yokuhambisana kwamandla amaningi. Isikali sisonke sokwakhiwa kwamandla kagesi asisikhulu, sigxile kakhulu eziteshini zamandla okugcina ezipompiwe, kuyilapho ukwakhiwa kwegridi yamandla kulo lonke izwe kufakazelwa yigagasi elisha lokukhula.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla eShayina kungene enkathini ebalulekile yokushintsha izindlela, ukulungisa izakhiwo, kanye nokushintsha imithombo yamandla. Nakuba ukuguqulwa kwamandla okuphelele kuye kwenza intuthuko enkulu, isigaba esizayo sokuguqulwa kwamandla sizobhekana nezinselele ezinkulu kanye nezithiyo ezinkulu.
Njengoba iChina ithuthukisa amandla ngokushesha kanye nokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, ukwanda okukhulu kwegridi yamandla, amazinga aphezulu kagesi, inani elikhulayo lamayunithi okukhiqiza amandla aphezulu kanye namapharamitha aphezulu, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okukhulu kokukhiqiza amandla amasha kugridi konke kuholela ekucushweni kwesistimu yamandla okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezici zokusebenza.
Ikakhulukazi, ukwanda kwezingozi ezingezona ezendabuko ezibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha njengobuchwepheshe bolwazi kuphakamise izidingo eziphakeme zamakhono okusekela uhlelo, amakhono okudlulisa, kanye namakhono okulungisa, okuletha izinselele ezinkulu ekusebenzeni okuphephile nokuzinzile kohlelo lwamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-01-2023