Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wezinto Ezivamile Zekhebula Le-Fiber Ebonakalayo | Indlela Yokukhetha Izinto Ezifanele Zekhebula Ezindaweni Ezihlukene

Ekwakhiweni kwekhebula le-optical fiber (OFC), ukukhetha izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifanele kubalulekile. Izindawo zokusebenza ezahlukene—njengokubanda okukhulu, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, umswakama, ukufakwa ngaphandle, ukugoba okuqhubekayo, noma ukunyakaza okuvamile—kubeka izidingo ezahlukahlukene ezintweni zekhebula le-optical. Lapha, sifingqa izinto eziningana ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini, sihlaziya izici zazo zokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwekhebula le-optical fiber kanye nokukhetha kwezinto.

1. I-PBT (i-Polybutylene Terephthalate) — Izinto Ezivame Kakhulu Zamapayipi Akhululekile

I-PBTiyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu kumashubhu akhululekile kumakhebula e-optical fiber. Amapulasitiki ekhebula ajwayelekile avame ukuba buthakathaka emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi athambe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. I-PBT eguquliwe, isibonelo enezingxenye zeketanga eziguquguqukayo, ithuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nomthelela emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo ezifika ku--40°C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PBT inikeza ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina kobukhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, iqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okuthembekile kwamafayibha ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kokushisa. Ukusebenza kwayo okulinganiselayo, izindleko ezinengqondo, kanye nokuguquguquka kwenza kube ukukhetha okuvamile kwamakhebula okuxhumana angaphandle, amakhebula ahamba isikhathi eside, kanye nezakhiwo zekhebula le-ADSS.

2. I-PP (i-Polypropylene) — Ukuqina Okuphezulu Kokushisa Okuphansi kanye Nokumelana Ne-Hydrolysis

I-PP ithole ukunakwa ezintweni zekhebula le-optical ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuhle kakhulu okushisa okuphansi, okuvimbela ukuqhekeka ezimweni ezibandayo kakhulu. Ukumelana kwayo ne-hydrolysis nakho kuphakeme kune-PBT, okwenza ifaneleke ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma ezicebile ngamanzi. Kodwa-ke, i-PP ine-modulus nokuqina okuphansi kancane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PBT, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele kucabangele isakhiwo sekhebula esithile. Isibonelo, izintambo ezilula, izintambo ze-hybrid zangaphakathi nangaphandle, noma izakhiwo zamashubhu akhululekile ezidinga ukuguquguquka okuphezulu zingakhetha i-PP njengenye indlela.

3. I-LSZH (I-Low Smoke Zero Halogen) — Izinto Ezijwayelekile Zejakethi Yekhebula Enobungani Nemvelo

I-LSZHiyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu yijakethi yekhebula enobungani nemvelo. Izakhiwo ze-LSZH ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezitholakala ngezinhlelo ezikhethekile ze-polymer kanye nobuchwepheshe bokugcwalisa, zingahlangabezana nezidingo zomthelela ophansi wokushisa okungu-40°C futhi ziqhubeke nokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ku-85°C. Uma kwenzeka umlilo, i-LSZH ikhipha intuthu ephansi futhi ayinawo amagesi e-halogen, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha kwezintambo zangaphakathi, izintambo zesikhungo sedatha, kanye nezintambo zomphakathi. Iphinde inikeze ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kokubili amajakethi ekhebula angaphakathi nangaphandle.

4. I-TPU (i-Thermoplastic Polyurethane) — “Inkosi” Yokuguquguquka Kokushisa Okuphansi Nokumelana Nokuguguleka

I-TPU yaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo nokuqina kwayo ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Ngokungafani ne-PVC, i-TPU ihlala ithambile kakhulu futhi ayiqhekeki. Iphinde ibe nokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokuguguleka, uwoyela, kanye nokuklebhuka, okwenza ibe yindawo ekahle kakhulu yokuthutha izintambo, okuhlanganisa izintambo zokudonsa, izintambo zezimoto, izintambo zezimayini, izintambo zerobhothi, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwezimboni. Qaphela ukuthi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye ne-hydrolysis kwe-TPU kuncike ebangeni elithile, ngakho-ke ukukhetha amafomula ekhwalithi ephezulu kubalulekile.

5. I-PVC (i-Polyvinyl Chloride) — Ukukhetha Ijakhethi Yekhebula Engabizi Kakhulu Enemikhawulo Yokushisa Okuphansi

I-PVC isasetshenziswa kwezinye izintambo ze-optical ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nokusebenziseka kalula. Kodwa-ke, i-PVC ejwayelekile iyaqina futhi ingaqhekeka ngaphansi kuka--10°C, okwenza ingafaneleki ezimweni ezibandayo kakhulu. I-PVC enokushisa okuphansi noma engangeni emakhazeni inganciphisa izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi ngama-plasticizer, kodwa lokhu kungafaka engcupheni amandla omshini kanye nokumelana nokuguga. Ngakho-ke i-PVC ifaneleka kangcono kumaphrojekthi azwela izindleko ezindaweni ezizinzile, njengokufakwa okujwayelekile kwangaphakathi noma ukusethwa kwekhebula lesikhashana.

6. I-TPV (i-Thermoplastic Vulcanizate) — Ukuhlanganisa Ukunwebeka Kwerabha Nokucutshungulwa Kwepulasitiki

I-TPV ihlanganisa ukuqina kwerabha nokusebenziseka kalula kwepulasitiki. Inikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa okuphansi, kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu okuvelele kanye nokumelana ne-ozone. Ukuguquguquka nokuqina kwe-TPV kuyenza ifaneleke kumakhebula angaphandle, izintambo zezimoto, kanye namakhebula aguquguqukayo. Njengento, i-TPV ilinganisela izici ze-TPU ne-PVC, ihlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okuhle kwesakhiwo kanye nokuqina kwemvelo.

7. I-XLPE (i-Crosslinked Polyethylene) — Izinto Zokuvimbela Ukushisa Okuphezulu Zezintambo Zokukhanya Nezamandla

I-XLPE, ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumanisa, kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa futhi kungasebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphezu kuka-90°C. Iphinde inikeze amandla aphezulu okusebenza kanye nokumelana nokucindezeleka. Nakuba i-XLPE ivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kwekhebula lamandla (isb., 1kV–35kV), ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa ezintanjeni ze-optical ukuze kuqiniswe noma kusetshenzisweni lokushisa eliphezulu. Izakhiwo zayo zokushisa nezokusebenza ziyenza ifaneleke ezintanjeni ze-optical ezikhethekile ezindaweni ezinzima.

Ukukhetha Izinto Zejakhethi Yekhebula Elibonakalayo — Izimo Zokusetshenziswa Ziyisihluthulelo

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zekhebula le-optical kudinga okungaphezu kokubuyekeza idatha yobuchwepheshe; kumele futhi kucabangele izimo zangempela zohlelo lokusebenza:

Ukufakwa Okungaguquki (ngaphandle, ipayipi, i-aerial): LSZH, TPV, XLPE
Izinhlelo Zokuhambisa (amaketanga okuhudula, amarobhothi, izimoto, ukumbiwa kwemigodi): I-TPU
Ukubanda Okukhulu (-40°C noma ngaphansi): I-PBT Eguquliwe, i-PP, i-TPU
Ukufakwa Kwezintambo Zangaphakathi, Ukusetshenziswa Okujwayelekile, Amaphrojekthi Azwela Izindleko: I-PVC (kunconywa kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile)

Akukho sixazululo "esifanela bonke ngobukhulu" sezinto zekhebula elibonakalayo. Ukukhetha kufanele kusekelwe ekuhlolweni okuphelele kwesakhiwo sekhebula, izimo zokufakwa, isabelomali, kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.