Namuhla, ake ngichaze isakhiwo esinemininingwane yezintambo ze-Ethernet zasolwandle. Kalula nje, amakhebuli e-Ethernet ajwayelekile ahlanganisa i-conductor, ungqimba oluvikelayo, ungqimba oluyisivikelo, kanye neshethi yangaphandle, kuyilapho izintambo ezihlotshisiwe zengeza umgodla wangaphakathi kanye nongqimba lwezikhali phakathi kwesivikelo nesheath yangaphandle. Ngokusobala, izintambo ezihlotshisiwe azinikezi nje kuphela isivikelo semishini eyengeziwe kodwa futhi nesivikelo esingeziwe sangaphakathi. Manje, ake sihlole ingxenye ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe.
1. I-Conductor: Umnyombo Wokudluliswa Kwesiginali
Amakhondatha ekhebula e-Ethernet afika ngezinto ezihlukahlukene okuhlanganisa ithusi elithayiwe, ithusi elingenalutho, ucingo lwe-aluminium, i-aluminium egqoke ithusi, nensimbi egqize ngethusi. Ngokuya kwe-IEC 61156-5:2020, izintambo ze-Ethernet zasolwandle kufanele zisebenzise amakhondatha ethusi aqinile anobubanzi obuphakathi kuka-0.4mm no-0.65mm. Njengoba izimfuno zejubane eliphezulu lokudlulisa nokuqina zikhula, amakhondaktha angaphansi njenge-aluminium ne-copper-clad aluminium ayayekwa, njengoba ithusi elifakwe ithini nethusi elingenalutho manje sekubusa imakethe.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nethusi elingenalutho, ithusi elithayiwe linikeza ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali okuphakeme, ukumelana ne-oxidation, ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali, kanye nomswakama ukuze kugcinwe ukwethembeka kwesifunda.
Ama-conductor eza ngezakhiwo ezimbili: aqinile futhi aminyene. Amakhondaktha aqinile asebenzisa intambo yethusi eyodwa, kuyilapho amakhondaktha axhumekile ahlanganisa izintambo zethusi ezincane eziningi eziphothiwe ndawonye. Umehluko oyinhloko usekusebenzeni kokudlulisela - njengoba izindawo ezinkulu eziphambanayo zinciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokufaka, amakhondaktha axhumekile abonisa ukuncishiswa okuphezulu ngo-20% -50% kuneziqinile. Izikhala phakathi kwezintambo ziphinde zikhulise ukumelana kwe-DC.
Izintambo eziningi ze-Ethernet zisebenzisa ama-conductor angu-23AWG (0.57mm) noma angu-24AWG (0.51mm). Nakuba i-CAT5E ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-24AWG, izigaba eziphakeme ezifana ne-CAT6/6A/7/7A ngokuvamile zidinga u-23AWG ukuze usebenze kangcono. Kodwa-ke, izindinganiso ze-IEC aziwagunyazi amageji ezintambo ezithile - amakhebuli enziwe kahle angu-24AWG asengahlangabezana nokucaciswa kwe-CAT6+.
2. I-Insulation Layer: Ukuvikela Ubuqotho Besiginali
Isendlalelo se-insulation sivimbela ukuvuza kwesignali ngesikhathi sokudlulisa. Ngokulandela amazinga e-IEC 60092-360 kanye ne-GB/T 50311-2016, izintambo zasolwandle ngokuvamile zisebenzisai-polyethylene ephezulu kakhulu (i-HDPE)noma igwebui-polyethylene (PE Foam). I-HDPE inikeza ukumelana kokushisa okuhle kakhulu, amandla emishini, nokumelana nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo, okuyenza isebenze kabanzi. I-PE enegwebu inikeza izakhiwo ezingcono ze-dielectric, okuyenza ilungele izintambo ze-CAT6A+ ezinesivinini esikhulu.
3. I-Cross Separator: Ukunciphisa i-Signal Crosstalk
Isihlukanisi esiphambanayo (esaziwa nangokuthi i-cross filler) siklanyelwe ukuhlukanisa amapheya amane asontekile abe ama-quadrants ahlukile, ukwehlisa ngempumelelo ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamapheya. Ivamise ukwakhiwa ngezinto ze-HDPE ezinobubanzi obujwayelekile obungu-0.5mm, le ngxenye ibalulekile kuSigaba 6 nezintambo zebanga eliphezulu ezidlulisa idatha ku-1Gbps noma ngokushesha, njengoba lawa makhebuli abonisa ukuzwela okukhulu kumsindo wesignali futhi adinga ukumelana nokuphazamiseka okuthuthukisiwe. Ngakho-ke, izintambo zeSigaba 6 nangaphezulu ngaphandle kokuvikela i-foil eyodwa ngabunye zifaka phakathi izihlungi eziphambanayo ukuze zihlukanise amapheya amane asontekile.
Ngokuphambene, izintambo zeSigaba 5e kanye nalawo asebenzisa imiklamo ye-foil evikelwe ngababili ayikhiphi isigcwalisi esiphambanayo. Ukucushwa okungokwemvelo okusontekile kwezintambo ze-Cat5e kunikeza ukuvikeleka okwanele kokuphazamiseka kwezidingo zabo zomkhawulokudonsa olinganiselwe, okususa isidingo sokuhlukaniswa okwengeziwe. Ngokufanayo, izintambo ezinamapheya avikelwe nge-foil zisebenzisa amandla emvelo e-aluminium foil ukuvimba ukuphazamiseka kozibuthe we-high-frequency electromagnetic, okwenza isigcwalisi esiphambanayo singadingeki.
Ilungu lamandla aqinile lidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukunwetshwa kwekhebula okungase kuthikameze ukusebenza. Abakhiqizi bezintambo ezihamba phambili embonini basebenzisa kakhulu i-fiberglass noma intambo yenayiloni njengengxenye yokuqinisa eqinile ekwakhiweni kwekhebula labo. Lezi zinsiza zihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka komshini okuphelele ngenkathi igcina izici zokudlulisela zekhebula.
4. Isendlalelo Esivikelayo: Ukuvikelwa Kwe-Electromagnetic
Izendlalelo ezivikelayo zihlanganisa ucwecwe lwe-aluminium kanye/noma anezikhala ezilukiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe i-EMI. Izintambo ezinesivikelo esisodwa zisebenzisa ungqimba olulodwa lwe-aluminium foil (≥0.012mm ugqinsi olunokugqagqana okungu-≥20%) kanye nongqimba lwe-PET mylar ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwamanje. Izinguqulo ezinezivikelo ezikabili ziza ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-SF/UTP (i-foil iyonke + umluko) kanye ne-S/FTP (i-foil eyodwa ngabunye + umluko jikelele). Umluko wethusi othathiwe (≥0.5mm wire diameter) unikeza ukumbozwa okungenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo (ngokujwayelekile u-45%, 65%, noma u-80%). Ngokwe-IEC 60092-350, izintambo zasolwandle ezinesivikelo esisodwa zidinga intambo yokukhipha amanzi ukuze ibekwe phansi, kuyilapho izinguqulo ezinezivikelo ezikabili zisebenzisa i-braid ukuze zikhishwe ezimile.
5. Isendlalelo Sezikhali: Ukuvikelwa Komshini
Isendlalelo sezikhali sithuthukisa ukumelana nokuqina/ukuphahlazeka futhi sithuthukisa ukuvikela kwe-EMI. Izintambo zasolwandle ngokuyinhloko zisebenzisa izikhali ezilukiwe nge-ISO 7959-2 ngayinye, ezinocingo lwensimbi oluqinile (GSWB) olunikeza amandla aphezulu nokumelana nokushisa kwezicelo ezifunwayo, kuyilapho izintambo zethusi ezithayiwe (TCWB) zinikeza ukuguquguquka okungcono kwezikhala eziqinile.
6. Umgodla Wangaphandle: Isivikelo Semvelo
Umgodla wangaphandle kufanele ube bushelelezi, ugxile, futhi ukhiphe ngaphandle kokulimaza izendlalelo ezingaphansi. Amazinga e-DNV adinga ukujiya (Dt) ukuthi kube ngu-0.04×Df (ububanzi bangaphakathi) +0.5mm, nobuncane obungu-0.7mm. Izintambo zasolwandle zisetshenziswa ngokuyinhlokoI-LSZH (i-zero-halogen enentuthu ephansi)izinto zokwakha (SHF1/SHF2/SHF2 MUD amamaki nge-IEC 60092-360) enciphisa intuthu enobuthi ngesikhathi somlilo.
Isiphetho
Lonke ungqimba lwezintambo ze-Ethernet zasolwandle luhlanganisa ubunjiniyela obucophelelayo. Kwa-OW CABLE, sizimisele ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bekhebula – zizwe ukhululekile ukuxoxa nathi ngezidingo zakho ezithile!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-25-2025