Umgodla wekhebula (owaziwa nangokuthi umgodla wangaphandle noma umgodla) ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lwekhebuli, ikhebula elikhanyayo, noma intambo, njengesithiyo esibaluleke kakhulu kukhebula ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphepha kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi, ukuvikela ikhebula ekushiseni kwangaphandle, ukubanda, okumanzi, i-ultraviolet, i-ozone, noma ukulimala kwamakhemikhali nokokusebenza ngesikhathi nangemuva kokufakwa. Ukushela ikhebula akusho ukuthi kungene esikhundleni sokuqiniswa ngaphakathi kwekhebula, kodwa futhi kunganikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuvikela okulinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cable sheath ingaphinda ilungise ukwakheka kanye nesimo se-conductor eboshiwe, kanye nongqimba oluvikelayo (uma lukhona), ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic (EMC) kwentambo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwamandla okungaguquki, isignali, noma idatha ngaphakathi kwekhebula noma intambo. I-sheathing nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqineni kwezintambo ze-optical kanye nezintambo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokwakha ze-cable sheath, izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-cable sheath yilezi -i-polyethylene ehlanganisiwe (XLPE), i-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), i-fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), i-perfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA), i-polyurethane (PUR),i-polyethylene (PE), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) kanyei-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Ngamunye unezici ezihlukile zokusebenza.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-cable sheathing kufanele kuqala kucabangele ukuguquguquka kwemvelo kanye nokuhambisana kokusetshenziswa kwezixhumi. Isibonelo, izindawo ezibanda kakhulu zingadinga ukushelela ikhebula elihlala liguquguquka emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Ukukhetha into efanele yokushela kubalulekile ekunqumeni ikhebula le-optical elingcono kakhulu lohlelo ngalunye. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle ukuthi iyiphi injongo intambo ye-optical noma ucingo okufanele ihlangabezane nayo nokuthi yiziphi izidingo okufanele ihlangabezane nazo.
I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)kuyinto evame ukusetshenziswa for cable sheathing. Yenziwe nge-polyvinyl chloride based resin, yengeza i-stabilizer, i-plasticizer, izigcwalisi ezingaphili njenge-calcium carbonate, izithasiselo nezinto zokugcoba, njll., ngokuxuba nokuxova nokukhipha. Inezici ezinhle zomzimba, zemishini kanye nezikagesi, kuyilapho inokumelana nesimo sezulu esihle kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, ingabuye ithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo ngokungeza izithasiselo ezahlukene, njenge-flame retardant, ukumelana nokushisa nokunye.
Indlela yokukhiqiza ye-PVC cable sheath iwukwengeza izinhlayiya ze-PVC ku-extruder futhi uzikhiphe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nengcindezi yokwenza umgodla wekhebula we-tubular.
Izinzuzo zebhantshi lekhebula le-PVC ishibhile, kulula ukulicubungula nokulifaka, kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezintanjeni zamandla aphansi, izintambo zokuxhumana, izintambo zokwakha kanye nezinye izinkambu. Kodwa-ke, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokubanda, ukumelana kwe-UV nezinye izakhiwo ze-PVC cable sheathing abuthakathaka, aqukethe izinto eziyingozi emvelweni nasemzimbeni womuntu, futhi kunezinkinga eziningi lapho zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezikhethekile. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuqwashisa kwabantu ngemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zokusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo, izidingo eziphakeme ziye zabekwa phambili zezinto ze-PVC. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izindawo ezikhethekile, njengezindiza, i-aerospace, amandla enuzi nezinye izinkambu, i-PVC cable sheathing isetshenziswa ngokucophelela.
I-Polyethylene (PE)kuyinto evamile ye-cable sheath material. Inezici ezinhle zemishini kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, futhi inokumelana nokushisa okuhle, ukumelana nokubanda kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu. I-PE cable sheath ingathuthukiswa ngokungeza izithasiselo, ezifana nama-antioxidants, i-UV absorbers, njll.
Indlela yokukhiqiza ye-PE cable sheath ifana neye-PVC, futhi izinhlayiya ze-PE zengezwa ku-extruder futhi zikhishwe ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela ukuze zenze i-sheath yekhebula ye-tubular.
I-PE cable sheath inezinzuzo zokuphikiswa okuhle kokuguga kwemvelo kanye nokumelana ne-UV, kuyilapho intengo iphansi, isetshenziswa kabanzi kuzintambo ezibonakalayo, izintambo zamandla aphansi, izintambo zokuxhumana, izintambo zezimayini nezinye izinkambu. I-Cross-linked Polyethylene (i-XLPE) iyimpahla ye-cable sheath enezakhiwo eziphakeme zikagesi nezemishini. Ikhiqizwa ngezinto ezixhumanisa i-polyethylene emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ukusabela kwe-crosslinking kungenza izinto ze-polyethylene zibe isakhiwo senethiwekhi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu, okwenza kube namandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. I-XLPE cable sheathing isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezintambo zamandla kagesi aphezulu, njengezintambo zokudlulisela, iziteshi ezincane, njll. Inezici ezinhle kakhulu zikagesi, amandla emishini nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi inokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu nokumelana nesimo sezulu.
I-polyurethane (PUR)ibhekisela eqenjini lepulasitiki elakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930. Ikhiqizwa inqubo yamakhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-polymerization eyengeziwe. Impahla eluhlaza ngokuvamile i-petroleum, kodwa izinto zokutshala ezifana namazambane, ummbila noma ama-beet ashukela nawo angasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwawo. I-PUR yinto evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokushelela ikhebula. Kuyimpahla ye-elastomer enokumelana okuhle nokugqokwa, ukumelana nokuguga, ukumelana nowoyela kanye nokumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, kuyilapho inamandla amahle emishini kanye nezakhiwo zokululama zokunwebeka. Ikhebula lekhebula le-PUR lingathuthukiswa ngokungeza izithasiselo ezihlukile, njengezinqamuli zomlilo, ama-ejenti amelana nokushisa okuphezulu, njll.
Indlela yokukhiqiza ye-PUR cable sheath iwukwengeza izinhlayiya ze-PUR ku-extruder futhi uzikhiphe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nengcindezi yokwenza umgodla wekhebula we-tubular. I-Polyurethane inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini.
Impahla inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqoka, ukumelana nokusika kanye nokumelana nezinyembezi, futhi ihlala iguquguquka kakhulu ngisho namazinga okushisa aphansi. Lokhu kwenza i-PUR ifaneleke ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga izidingo zokunyakaza okuguquguqukayo nokugoba, njengamaketanga okudonsa. Ezinhlelweni zerobhothi, izintambo ezine-PUR sheathing zingamelana nezigidi zemijikelezo egobayo noma amandla aqinile okuzungeza ngaphandle kwezinkinga. I-PUR futhi inokumelana okuqinile nowoyela, ama-solvents kanye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Ukwengeza, kuye ngokwakhiwa kwempahla, ayinayo i-halogen futhi i-flame retardant, okuyimibandela ebalulekile yamakhebuli aqinisekiswe yi-UL futhi asetshenziswa e-United States. Izintambo ze-PUR zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwemishini nefekthri, ezishintshayo zezimboni, nasembonini yezimoto.
Nakuba ishethi yekhebula ye-PUR inezakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba, zokukhanda kanye namakhemikhali, intengo yayo iphakeme uma iqhathaniswa futhi ayifanelekele izikhathi ezingabizi kakhulu, zokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
I-Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer (TPU)kuyinto evame ukusetshenziswa ikhebula sheathing impahla. Ihlukile ku-polyurethane elastomer (PUR), i-TPU iyimpahla ye-thermoplastic ene-processability enhle kanye nepulasitiki.
Ikhebula lekhebula le-TPU linokumelana okuhle nokugqokwa, ukumelana nowoyela, ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu, futhi linamandla amahle emishini kanye nokusebenza kokululama okunwebekayo, okungavumelana nokunyakaza kwemishini eyinkimbinkimbi nendawo yokudlidliza.
Umgodla wekhebula le-TPU wenziwa ngokwengeza izinhlayiya ze-TPU ku-extruder futhi uzikhiphe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nengcindezi yokwenza umgodla wekhebula we-tubular.
I-TPU cable sheathing isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-automation yezimboni, imishini yamathuluzi omshini, izinhlelo zokulawula ukunyakaza, amarobhothi nezinye izinkambu, kanye nezimoto, imikhumbi nezinye izinkambu. Inokumelana okuhle kokugqoka nokusebenza kokululama okunwebekayo, ingavikela ngempumelelo ikhebula, kodwa futhi inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa okuphezulu nokumelana nokushisa okuphansi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PUR, i-TPU sheathing yekhebula inenzuzo yokusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nepulasitiki, engakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nosayizi wekhebula owengeziwe kanye nezidingo zomumo. Kodwa-ke, intengo ye-TPU sheathing yekhebula iphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ayilungele izikhathi ezishibhile, zokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
Irabha ye-Silicone (PU)kuyinto evame ukusetshenziswa ikhebula sheathing impahla. Kuyi-organic polymer material, ebhekisela ochungechungeni oluyinhloko olwakhiwe i-silicon nama-athomu omoya-mpilo ngokushintshana, futhi i-athomu ye-silicon ivamise ukuxhunywa namaqembu amabili erabha ephilayo. Irabha ye-silicone evamile yakhiwa ikakhulukazi amaketanga e-silicone aqukethe amaqembu e-methyl kanye nenani elincane le-vinyl. Ukwethulwa kweqembu le-phenyl kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi kwerabha ye-silicone, futhi ukwethulwa kweqembu le-trifluoropropyl ne-cyanide kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa nokumelana nowoyela kwerabha ye-silicone. I-PU inokumelana okuhle nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokubanda kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation, futhi inokuthamba okuhle kanye nezakhiwo zokululama zokunwebeka. I-Silicone rubber cable sheath ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo ngokungeza izithasiselo ezihlukene, njengama-ejenti angagugi, ama-ejenti amelana nowoyela, njll.
Indlela yokukhiqiza ye-silicone sheath yekhebula yerabha iwukwengeza ingxube yerabha ye-silicone ku-extruder futhi uyikhiphe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nengcindezi ukuze wenze umgodla wekhebula we-tubular. I-Silicone rubber cable sheath isetshenziswa kabanzi ekushiseni okuphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu, izidingo zokumelana nesimo sezulu, njenge-aerospace, izitshalo zamandla enuzi, i-petrochemical, ezempi kanye neminye imikhakha.
Inokumelana okuhle nokushisa okuphezulu nokumelana ne-oxidation, ingasebenza ngokuzinzile ekushiseni okuphezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu, indawo eqinile yokugqwala, kodwa futhi inamandla amahle emishini kanye nokusebenza kokululama okunwebekayo, ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokunyakaza kwemishini eyinkimbinkimbi nendawo yokudlidliza.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokushelela ikhebula, ikhebula le-silicone yerabha yokushelela inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokumelana ne-oxidation, kodwa futhi inokuthamba okuhle nokusebenza kokululama okunwebekayo, okufanelekile ezindaweni zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa-ke, inani lentengo ye-silicone sheath yekhebula lerabha liphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi alifanelekele izikhathi ezishibhile, zokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)isetshenziswa evame ukusetshenziswa ikhebula sheathing, eyaziwa nangokuthi polytetrafluoroethylene. Kuyimpahla ye-polymer ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokumelana namakhemikhali, futhi ingasebenza ngokuzinza emazingeni okushisa aphakeme ngokwedlulele, ukucindezela okuphezulu kanye nezindawo eziqinile zokugqwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapulasitiki e-fluorine nawo anezindawo ezinhle zokunqanda ilangabi nokumelana nokugqoka.
Indlela yokukhiqiza ye-fluorine plastic cable sheath iwukwengeza izinhlayiya zepulasitiki ze-fluorine ku-extruder futhi uzikhiphe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nengcindezi yokwenza umgodla wekhebula we-tubular.
I-fluorine plastic cable sheath isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aerospace, izitshalo zamandla enuzi, i-petrochemical nezinye izinkambu ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nama-semiconductors, ezokuxhumana nge-optical kanye neminye imikhakha. Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ingasebenza ngokuzinza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu, indawo eqinile yokugqwala isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi inamandla amahle emishini nokusebenza kokululama okunwebekayo, ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokunyakaza kwemishini eyinkimbinkimbi nendawo yokudlidliza.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ze-cable sheath, i-fluorine plastic cable sheath inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ilungele izindawo zokusebenza ngokwedlulele. Kodwa-ke, intengo ye-fluorine plastic cable sheath iphezulu uma iqhathaniswa, futhi ayifaneleki ezikhathini ezishibhile, zokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-14-2024