I-cable sheath (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-outer sheath noma i-sheath) iyingqimba engaphandle ye-cable, i-optical cable, noma i-wire, njengesithiyo esibaluleke kakhulu ku-cable ukuvikela ukuphepha kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi, ukuvikela i-cable ekushiseni kwangaphandle, emakhazeni, emanzini, e-ultraviolet, e-ozone, noma ekulimaleni kwamakhemikhali kanye nokwemishini ngesikhathi nangemva kokufakwa. I-cable sheathing ayihloselwe ukufaka esikhundleni sokuqinisa ngaphakathi kwe-cable, kodwa ingahlinzeka futhi ngezinga eliphezulu lokuvikelwa okulinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cable sheath ingalungisa nesimo nesimo somqhubi obambekile, kanye nengqimba yokuvikela (uma ikhona), ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukuphazamiseka kokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic ye-cable (EMC). Lokhu kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwamandla, isignali, noma idatha ngaphakathi kwe-cable noma i-wire. I-sheathing nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqineni kwe-optical cables kanye ne-wires.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zomgobo wekhebula, izinto zomgobo wekhebula ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi –i-polyethylene exhumene (XLPE), i-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), i-ethylene propylene ene-fluorinated (FEP), i-perfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA), i-polyurethane (PUR),i-polyethylene (PE), i-thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) kanyei-polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC), Ngayinye inezimpawu zokusebenza ezihlukile.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zokubopha ikhebula kumele kuqale kucabangele ukuzivumelanisa nendawo kanye nokuhambisana kokusetshenziswa kwezixhumi. Isibonelo, izindawo ezibandayo kakhulu zingadinga ukubopha ikhebula okuhlala kuguquguquka emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Ukukhetha izinto zokubopha ezifanele kubalulekile ekunqumeni ikhebula le-optical elingcono kakhulu lohlelo ngalunye. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi injongo ikhebula le-optical noma ucingo okumele luhlangabezane nayo nokuthi yiziphi izidingo okumele luhlangabezane nazo.
I-Polyvinyl Chloride (i-PVC)iyinto evame ukusetshenziswa ekufakeni ikhebula. Yenziwe nge-resin esekelwe ku-polyvinyl chloride, enezela i-stabilizer, i-plasticizer, izigcwalisi ezingaphili njenge-calcium carbonate, izithasiselo kanye nezinto zokugcoba, njll., ngokuxuba nokuxova kanye nokukhipha. Inezakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba, zemishini kanye neze-elekthronikhi, ngenkathi inokumelana okuhle nesimo sezulu kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali, ingathuthukisa nokusebenza kwayo ngokungeza izithasiselo ezahlukene, njenge-lake retardant, ukumelana nokushisa njalo njalo.
Indlela yokukhiqiza i-PVC cable sheath iwukufaka izinhlayiya ze-PVC ku-extruder bese uzikhipha ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ukuze kwakhiwe i-tubular cable sheath.
Izinzuzo zejakethi yekhebula le-PVC zishibhile, kulula ukuzicubungula nokuyifaka, kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezintanjeni ezine-voltage ephansi, ezintanjeni zokuxhumana, ezintanjeni zokwakha nakwezinye izinkambu. Kodwa-ke, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokubanda, ukumelana ne-UV kanye nezinye izakhiwo ze-PVC cable sheathing kubuthakathaka kakhulu, kuqukethe izinto eziyingozi emvelweni nasemzimbeni womuntu, futhi kunezinkinga eziningi uma kusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezikhethekile. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuqwashisa kwabantu ngemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zokusebenza kwezinto, kuye kwabekwa phambili izidingo eziphakeme zezinto ze-PVC. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izindawo ezikhethekile, njengezindiza, izindiza, amandla enuzi kanye nezinye izinkambu, i-PVC cable sheathing isetshenziswa ngokucophelela.
I-Polyethylene (PE)iyinto evamile yeshelufu yekhebula. Inezakhiwo ezinhle zomshini kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali, futhi inokumelana okuhle nokushisa, ukumelana nokubanda kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu. Ishelufu yekhebula le-PE ingathuthukiswa ngokungeza izithasiselo, njengezi-antioxidants, izifutho ze-UV, njll.
Indlela yokukhiqiza ye-PE cable sheath ifana neye-PVC, futhi izinhlayiya ze-PE zengezwa ku-extruder bese zikhishwa ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ukuze kwakhiwe i-tubular cable sheath.
I-PE cable sheath inezinzuzo zokumelana okuhle nokuguga kwemvelo kanye nokumelana ne-UV, kuyilapho intengo iphansi kakhulu, isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintanjeni ze-optical, ezintanjeni ze-voltage ephansi, ezintanjeni zokuxhumana, ezintanjeni zezimayini nakwezinye izinkambu. I-Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) iyinto ye-cable sheath enezakhiwo eziphezulu zikagesi nezemishini. Ikhiqizwa ngezinto ze-cross-linking polyethylene emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ukusabela kwe-crosslinking kungenza izinto ze-polyethylene zakhe isakhiwo senethiwekhi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu, okwenza sibe namandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. I-XLPE cable sheathing isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezintambo ze-voltage ephezulu, njengemigqa yokudlulisa, iziteshi ezincane, njll. Inezakhiwo zikagesi ezinhle kakhulu, amandla omshini kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi inokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu.
I-Polyurethane (i-PUR)ibhekisela eqenjini lamapulasitiki athuthukiswe ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930. Ikhiqizwa ngenqubo yamakhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-addion polymerization. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ngokuvamile ziyi-petroleum, kodwa izinto zezitshalo ezifana namazambane, ummbila noma ama-beet kashukela nazo zingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwayo. I-PUR iyinto evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-cable sheathing. Iyinto ye-elastomer enokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokuguga, ukumelana namafutha kanye nokumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, kuyilapho inamandla amahle okusebenza kanye nezakhiwo zokubuyisa ezinwebekayo. I-PUR cable sheath ingathuthukiswa ngokungeza izithasiselo ezahlukene, njengezithibi zomlilo, izinto ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu, njll.
Indlela yokukhiqiza i-PUR cable sheath iwukufaka izinhlayiya ze-PUR ku-extruder bese uzikhipha ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ukuze kwakhiwe i-tubular cable sheath. I-Polyurethane inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini.
Le nto inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokusika kanye nokumelana nokudabuka, futhi ihlala iguquguquka kakhulu ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphansi. Lokhu kwenza i-PUR ifaneleke kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukunyakaza okuguquguqukayo kanye nezidingo zokugoba, njengokudonsa amaketanga. Ezisetshenzisweni zerobhothi, izintambo ezine-PUR sheathing zingamelana nezigidi zemijikelezo yokugoba noma amandla aqinile okugoba ngaphandle kwezinkinga. I-PUR iphinde imelane kakhulu namafutha, izinyibilikisi kanye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngokwakheka kwento, ayinayo i-halogen futhi ayilawuli ilangabi, okuyizinto ezibalulekile zezintambo eziqinisekiswe yi-UL futhi ezisetshenziswa e-United States. Izintambo ze-PUR zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwemishini kanye nefektri, ezenzakalelayo zezimboni, kanye nasembonini yezimoto.
Nakuba i-PUR cable sheath inezakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba, zemishini kanye nezamakhemikhali, intengo yayo iphakeme kakhulu futhi ayifaneleki emicimbini ebiza kancane, yokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
I-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer (TPU)iyinto evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-cable sheathing. Ngokungafani ne-polyurethane elastomer (PUR), i-TPU iyinto ye-thermoplastic enokucutshungulwa okuhle kanye ne-plasticity.
I-TPU cable sheath inokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka, ukumelana nowoyela, ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu, futhi inamandla amahle okusebenza kanye nokusebenza kokululama, okungazivumelanisa nokunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi kokusebenza kanye nendawo yokudlidliza.
Igobolondo lekhebula le-TPU lenziwa ngokufaka izinhlayiya ze-TPU kumshini wokukhipha bese uzikhipha ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ukuze kwakhiwe igobolondo lekhebula eliyishubhu.
Ukumbozwa kwekhebula le-TPU kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezenzakalelayo zezimboni, imishini yamathuluzi omshini, izinhlelo zokulawula ukunyakaza, amarobhothi nakwezinye izinkambu, kanye nezimoto, imikhumbi kanye nezinye izinkambu. Inokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka kanye nokusebenza kahle kokululama, ingavikela ikhebula ngempumelelo, kodwa futhi inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphansi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PUR, ukugoba ikhebula le-TPU kunenzuzo yokusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nokuqina, okungazivumelanisa nosayizi wekhebula kanye nezidingo zokuma. Kodwa-ke, intengo yokugoba ikhebula le-TPU iphakeme kakhulu, futhi ayifaneleki emicimbini ebiza kancane, yokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
Irabha ye-silicone (PU)iyinto evame ukusetshenziswa yokubopha ikhebula. Iyinto ye-polymer yemvelo, ebhekisela kuchungechunge oluyinhloko oluhlanganiswe ama-athomu e-silicon ne-oxygen ngokushintshana, futhi i-athomu ye-silicon ivame ukuxhunyaniswa namaqembu amabili erabha e-organic. Irabha ye-silicone evamile yakhiwe kakhulu ngamaketanga e-silicone aqukethe amaqembu e-methyl kanye nenani elincane le-vinyl. Ukwethulwa kweqembu le-phenyl kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi kwerabha ye-silicone, kanti ukwethulwa kweqembu le-trifluoropropyl ne-cyanide kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa kanye nokumelana nowoyela kwerabha ye-silicone. I-PU inokumelana okuhle nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokubanda kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation, futhi futhi inobumnene obuhle kanye nezakhiwo zokubuyisa ezinwebekayo. I-sheath yekhebula lerabha ye-silicone ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo ngokungeza izithasiselo ezahlukene, njengezithako ezingagugi, izithako ezingamelana nowoyela, njll.
Indlela yokukhiqiza i-silicone raber cable sheath iwukufaka ingxube ye-silicone raber ku-extruder bese uyikhipha ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ukuze kwakheke i-tubular cable sheath. I-silicone raber cable sheath isetshenziswa kabanzi ezidingweni zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, njengezindiza, iziteshi zamandla enuzi, i-petrochemical, izempi kanye neminye imikhakha.
Inokumelana okuhle nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, ingasebenza kahle endaweni yokushisa ephezulu, umfutho ophezulu, indawo yokugqwala enamandla, kodwa futhi inamandla amahle okusebenza kanye nokusebenza kokululama, ingazivumelanisa nokunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi kokusebenza kanye nendawo yokudlidliza.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokubopha ikhebula, ukubopha ikhebula lerabha le-silicone kunokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation, kodwa futhi kuthambile kahle kanye nokusebenza kokubuyisa okunwebekayo, okufanelekela izindawo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, intengo yokubopha ikhebula lerabha le-silicone iphakeme kakhulu, futhi ayifaneleki emicimbini yokukhiqiza ngobuningi ebiza kancane.
I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)iyinto evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-cable sheathing, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polytetrafluoroethylene. Iyinto ye-polymer enokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali, futhi ingasebenza kahle ezindaweni zokushisa eziphakeme kakhulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokugqwala okunamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapulasitiki e-fluorine nawo anezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvimbela umlilo kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.
Indlela yokukhiqiza i-fluorine plastic cable sheath iwukufaka izinhlayiya zepulasitiki ze-fluorine ku-extruder bese uzikhipha ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ukuze kwakhiwe i-tubular cable sheath.
I-fluorine plastic cable sheath isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindizayo, ezitshalweni zamandla enuzi, e-petrochemical nakwezinye izindawo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nasemishinini yokuxhumana, ezokuxhumana kwe-optical nakwezinye izindawo. Inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ingasebenza kahle endaweni yokushisa ephezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu, indawo yokugqwala enamandla isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi inamandla amahle okusebenza kanye nokusebenza kokululama kokunwebeka, ingazivumelanisa nokunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi komshini kanye nendawo yokudlidliza.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ze-cable sheath, i-fluorine plastic cable sheath inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ifanele izindawo zokusebenza ezimbi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, intengo ye-fluorine plastic cable sheath iphakeme kakhulu, futhi ayifaneleki emicimbini engabizi kakhulu nekhiqiza ngobuningi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-14-2024