Isakhiwo sekhebula sibonakala silula, empeleni, ingxenye ngayinye yayo inenhloso yayo ebalulekile, ngakho-ke ingxenye ngayinye yezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele ikhethwe ngokucophelela lapho ikhiqiza ikhebula, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka kwekhebula elenziwe ngalezi zinto ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
1. Izinto zomqhubi
Ngokomlando, izinto ezisetshenziselwa izikhondatha zamakhebula kagesi kwakuyithusi ne-aluminium. I-sodium nayo yazanywa kafushane. I-Copper ne-aluminium zine-conductivity kagesi engcono, futhi inani lethusi lincane uma lidlulisa umsinga ofanayo, ngakho-ke ububanzi obungaphandle bomqhubi wethusi buncane kunalelo lomqhubi we-aluminium. Intengo ye-aluminium iphansi kakhulu kunethusi. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokuthi ukuminyana kwethusi kukhulu kunokwe-aluminium, ngisho noma umthamo wamanje wokuthwala ufana, isigaba esiphambanayo somqhubi we-aluminium sikhulu kunaleso somqhubi wethusi, kodwa ikhebula le-aluminium conductor liselula kunekhebula le-copper conductor.
2. Izinto zokuvikela ukushisa
Ziningi izinto zokugqumisa ezingase zisetshenziswe amakhebula kagesi e-MV, ngisho nokuhlanganisa izinto zokufakwa kwephepha ezifakwe ephepheni esezikhulile, ezisetshenziswe ngempumelelo iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100. Namuhla, ukufakwa kwe-polymer extruded kuye kwamukelwa kabanzi. Izinto zokufakwa kwe-polymer ezinwetshiwe zifaka i-PE(LDPE ne-HDPE), i-XLPE, i-WTR-XLPE ne-EPR. Lezi zinto ziyi-thermoplastic kanye ne-thermosetting. Izinto ze-Thermoplastic ziyawohloka lapho kushisa, kuyilapho izinto ze-thermoset zigcina ukwakheka kwazo emazingeni okushisa okusebenza.
2.1. Ukufakwa kwamaphepha
Ekuqaleni kokusebenza kwazo, izintambo ezifakwe ephepheni zithwala umthwalo omncane kuphela futhi zigcinwe kahle. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzisi bamandla bayaqhubeka nokwenza ikhebula lithwale umthwalo ophakeme kakhulu, izimo zokuqala zokusetshenziswa azisafaneleki izidingo zekhebula lamanje, khona-ke isipiliyoni esihle sokuqala asikwazi ukumela ukusebenza kwesikhathi esizayo kwekhebula kufanele kube kuhle. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izintambo ezifakwe amaphepha azivamile ukusetshenziswa.
2.2.I-PVC
I-PVC isasetshenziswa njengesivikelo sezintambo ezine-voltage ephansi engu-1kV futhi iyimpahla yokushelela. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-PVC ekufakeni ikhebula kushintshaniswa ngokushesha nge-XLPE, futhi isicelo emgodleni ngokushesha sithathelwa indawo nge-linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), i-medium density polyethylene (MDPE) noma i-high density polyethylene (HDPE), kanye nezintambo ezingezona ze-PVC zinezindleko eziphansi zomjikelezo wokuphila.
2.3. I-Polyethylene (PE)
I-Low density polyethylene (LDPE) yathuthukiswa ngeminyaka yawo-1930s futhi manje isisetshenziswa njengesisekelo seresin ye-crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) kanye nezinto ezimelana namanzi ze-crosslinked polyethylene (WTR-XLPE) zesihlahla. Esimweni se-thermoplastic, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-polyethylene lingama-75 ° C, elingaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lokusebenza lezintambo ezifakwe ephepheni (80 ~ 90 ° C). Le nkinga isixazululiwe ngokufika kwe-polyethylene (XLPE) ehlangene, engahlangabezana noma idlule izinga lokushisa lesevisi yezintambo ezifakwe ephepheni.
2.4.I-polyethylene exhunywe ngokuphambana (XLPE)
I-XLPE i-thermosetting material eyenziwe ngokuxuba i-polyethylene (LDPE) ene-crosslinking agent (njenge-peroxide).
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elisebenza nge-conductor yekhebula elivinjiwe le-XLPE lingu-90 ° C, ukuhlolwa kokulayishwa ngokweqile kufika ku-140 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa lesifunda esifushane lingafinyelela ku-250 ° C. I-XLPE inezici ezinhle kakhulu ze-dielectric futhi ingasetshenziswa ku-voltage range of 600V kuya ku-500kV.
2.5. Isihlahla esimelana namanzi i-Cross-linked polyethylene (WTR-XLPE)
Isimo sesihlahla samanzi sizonciphisa impilo yesevisi yekhebula le-XLPE. Kunezindlela eziningi zokunciphisa ukukhula kwesihlahla samanzi, kodwa enye yezindlela ezivame ukwamukelwa ukusebenzisa izinto zokuvikela ezenziwe ngobunjiniyela eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesihlahla samanzi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-polyethylene exhumene ne-cross-linked isihlahla esimelana namanzi i-WTR-XLPE.
2.6. Irabha ye-Ethylene propylene (EPR)
I-EPR i-thermosetting material eyenziwe nge-ethylene, i-propylene (kwesinye isikhathi i-monomer yesithathu), futhi i-copolymer yama-monomers amathathu ibizwa ngokuthi i-ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM). Ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi, i-EPR ihlala ithambile futhi inokumelana okuhle kwe-corona. Kodwa-ke, ukulahleka kwe-dielectric kwempahla ye-EPR kuphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo ye-XLPE ne-WTR-XLPE.
3. Inqubo ye-insulation vulcanization
Inqubo yokuxhumanisa iqondene ngqo ne-polymer esetshenzisiwe. Ukwakhiwa kwama-polymer axhumene kuqala nge-matrix polymer bese kwengezwa ama-stabilizer nama-crosslinkers ukwenza ingxube. Inqubo yokuxhumanisa ingeza amaphuzu amaningi okuxhumana esakhiweni samangqamuzana. Uma sekuxhunywe okuphambanweni, iketango le-polymer molecular lihlala linwebeka, kodwa alikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele libe yincibilika uketshezi.
4. Ukuvikela ikhonduki kanye nezinto zokuvikela ezivikelayo
Isendlalelo esivikela i-semi-conductive sikhishwa endaweni engaphandle ye-conductor kanye ne-insulation ukuze ifane nenkundla kagesi futhi iqukathe inkambu kagesi kumongo wekhebula elivalekile. Lokhu okuqukethwe kuqukethe ibanga lobunjiniyela lezinto ezimnyama zekhabhoni ukuze kunikwe amandla ungqimba oluvikelayo lwekhebula ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqhutshwa okuzinzile ngaphakathi kwebanga elidingekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-12-2024