Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwezintambo ze-optical kanye neze-electric, into ebaluleke kakhulu eholela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza ukungena komswakama. Uma amanzi engena kwintambo ye-optical, angandisa ukuncipha kwe-fiber; uma engena kwintambo kagesi, anganciphisa ukusebenza kokuvikela kwentambo, okuthinta ukusebenza kwayo. Ngakho-ke, amayunithi okuvimba amanzi, njengezinto ezimunca amanzi, aklanyelwe inqubo yokukhiqiza izintambo ze-optical kanye neze-electric ukuvimbela umswakama noma ukungena kwamanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokusebenza.
Izinhlobo zomkhiqizo eziyinhloko zezinto ezimunca amanzi zifaka phakathi i-powder emunca amanzi,iteyipu yokuvimba amanzi, intambo evimba amanzi, kanye negrisi yokuvimba amanzi efana nokuvuvukala, njll. Kuye ngendawo yokufaka isicelo, uhlobo olulodwa lwezinto zokuvimba amanzi lungasetshenziswa, noma izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungangeni manzi kwezintambo.
Ngokusetshenziswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-5G, ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ze-optical kuya ngokuya kusabalala, futhi izidingo zazo ziya ngokuya ziba nzima. Ikakhulukazi ngokwethulwa kwezidingo zokuvikela okuluhlaza kanye nezemvelo, izintambo ze-optical ezomile ngokuphelele ziyathandwa kakhulu yimakethe. Isici esibalulekile sezintambo ze-optical ezomile ngokuphelele ukuthi azisebenzisi igrisi yokuvala amanzi efana nokugcwalisa noma igrisi yokuvala amanzi efana nokuvuvukala. Esikhundleni salokho, i-tape yokuvimba amanzi kanye nezintambo zokuvala amanzi zisetshenziselwa ukuvimba amanzi kuyo yonke ingxenye yekhebula.
Ukusetshenziswa kwetheyiphu yokuvimba amanzi ezintanjeni nasezintanjeni ze-optical kuvamile kakhulu, futhi kunezincwadi eziningi zocwaningo ngakho. Kodwa-ke, kunocwaningo oluncane kakhulu olubikiwe ngentambo yokuvimba amanzi, ikakhulukazi ezintweni zefayibha ezivimba amanzi ezinezakhiwo ezimunca kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi kulula ukuzisebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezintambo ze-optical neze-electric kanye nokucubungula okulula, izinto zefayibha ezimunca kakhulu okwamanje ziyizinto ezithandwa kakhulu zokuvimba amanzi ekwakhiweni kwezintambo kanye nezintanjeni ze-optical, ikakhulukazi izintambo ze-optical ezomile.
Isicelo ekukhiqizweni kwekhebula lamandla
Ngokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yaseShayina, isidingo sezintambo zikagesi ezivela kumaphrojekthi kagesi asekelayo siyaqhubeka nokukhula. Izintambo zivame ukufakwa ngokungcwaba ngqo, emiseleni yezintambo, emihubheni, noma ngezindlela eziphezulu. Ngokungenakugwenywa zisezindaweni ezinomswakama noma zithintane ngqo namanzi, futhi zingase zicwiliswe emanzini isikhathi esifushane noma eside, okubangela ukuthi amanzi angene kancane kancane ngaphakathi kwezintambo. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi, izakhiwo ezifana nezihlahla zingakheka engqimbeni yokuvikela umqhubi, into eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuvikela amanzi. Lapho izihlahla zamanzi zikhula ngezinga elithile, zizoholela ekuwohlokeni kokuvikela izintambo. Ukuvikela amanzi manje sekuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke njengenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokuguga kwezintambo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha nokuthembeka kohlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla, ukwakheka kwezintambo kanye nokukhiqiza kumele kuthathe izakhiwo zokuvimba amanzi noma izinyathelo zokuvimbela amanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula lisebenza kahle ekuvimbeleni amanzi.
Izindlela zokungena kwamanzi ezintanjeni ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: ukungena kwe-radial (noma okuphambene) ngentambo, kanye nokungena kwe-longitudinal (noma oku-axial) eduze komqhubi kanye ne-cable core. Ekuvimbeleni amanzi kwe-radial (okuphambene), intambo yokuvimba amanzi ebanzi, njenge-aluminium-plastic composite tape egoqwe ngobude bese ikhishwa nge-polyethylene, ivame ukusetshenziswa. Uma kudingeka ukuvimba kwamanzi kwe-radial okuphelele, kusetshenziswa isakhiwo se-sheath sensimbi. Kuzintambo ezisetshenziswa njalo, ukuvikelwa kokuvimbela amanzi kugxila kakhulu ekungeneni kwamanzi kwe-longitudinal (axial).
Lapho kuklanywa isakhiwo sekhebula, izinyathelo zokungangeni manzi kufanele zicabangele ukumelana namanzi ohlangothini olude (noma oluyi-axial) lomqhubi, ukumelana namanzi ngaphandle kwengqimba yokushisa, kanye nokumelana namanzi kulo lonke isakhiwo. Indlela ejwayelekile yabaqhubi bokuvimba amanzi ukugcwalisa izinto zokuvimba amanzi ngaphakathi naphezu komqhubi. Kumakhebula ane-voltage ephezulu anabaqhubi abahlukaniswe ngezigaba, intambo yokuvimba amanzi iyanconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe njengento yokuvimba amanzi phakathi nendawo, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Intambo yokuvimba amanzi ingasetshenziswa futhi ezakhiweni zokuvimba amanzi ezigcwele isakhiwo. Ngokubeka intambo yokuvimba amanzi noma izintambo zokuvimba amanzi ezilukiwe ngentambo yokuvimba amanzi ezikhaleni eziphakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zekhebula, iziteshi zamanzi okugeleza ngazo ohlangothini oluyi-axial lwekhebula zingavinjelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zokuqina kwamanzi ezinde ziyahlangatshezwa. Umdwebo wesimiso wekhebula elijwayelekile lokuvimba amanzi eligcwele isakhiwo uboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.
Ezindaweni zekhebula okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, izinto zefayibha ezimunca amanzi zisetshenziswa njengeyunithi yokuvimba amanzi. Indlela yokusebenza incike enanini elikhulu le-resin emunca kakhulu ekhona ebusweni bezinto zefayibha. Lapho ihlangana namanzi, i-resin ikhula ngokushesha ibe yi-十几 ukuze iphindaphinde umthamo wayo wokuqala, yakha ungqimba oluvaliwe oluvimba amanzi engxenyeni ejikelezayo ye-core yekhebula, ivimbele iziteshi zokungena kwamanzi, futhi iyeke ukusabalala okuqhubekayo nokwandiswa kwamanzi noma umhwamuko wamanzi ohlangothini olude, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele ngempumelelo ikhebula.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwezintambo Zokukhanya
Ukusebenza kokudlulisa ukukhanya, ukusebenza komshini, kanye nokusebenza kwemvelo kwezintambo ze-optical kuyizidingo eziyisisekelo kakhulu zesistimu yokuxhumana. Esinye isici sokuqinisekisa ukuthi impilo yesevisi yekhebula le-optical iwukuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angangeni ku-fiber ye-optical ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okungabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu (okungukuthi, ukulahlekelwa yi-hydrogen). Ukungena kwamanzi kuthinta iziqongo zokumuncwa kokukhanya kwe-fiber ye-optical ebangeni lamaza kusukela ku-1.3μm kuya ku-1.60μm, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwe-fiber ye-optical. Leli bhande le-wavelength limboza iningi lamafasitela okudlulisa asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ze-optical zamanje. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo esingangeni manzi kuba yinto ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwekhebula le-optical.
Umklamo wesakhiwo esivimba amanzi ezintanjeni ze-optical uhlukaniswe ngomklamo wokuvimba amanzi we-radial kanye nomklamo wokuvimba amanzi we-longitudinal. Umklamo wokuvimba amanzi we-radial usebenzisa ishede elibanzi lokuvimba amanzi, okungukuthi, isakhiwo esine-aluminium-plastic noma i-steel-plastic composite tape esongwe ngobude bese sikhishwa nge-polyethylene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithubhu elikhululekile elenziwe ngezinto ze-polymer ezifana ne-PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate) noma insimbi engagqwali liyangezwa ngaphandle kwe-optical fiber. Ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo esingangeni manzi isikhathi eside, ukusetshenziswa kwezingqimba eziningi zezinto zokuvimba amanzi kuyacatshangelwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zesakhiwo. Izinto zokuvimba amanzi ngaphakathi kwethubhu elikhululekile (noma emiseleni yekhebula lohlobo lwesikele) zishintshwa kusuka kugrisi lokuvimba amanzi lohlobo lokugcwalisa kuya ezintweni zefayibha ezimunca amanzi zethubhu. Intambo eyodwa noma ezimbili zentambo yokuvimba amanzi zibekwa zihambisana nesici sokuqinisa i-core yekhebula ukuvimbela umhwamuko wamanzi wangaphandle ukuthi ungene ngobude eceleni kwelungu lamandla. Uma kudingeka, imicu evimba amanzi ingafakwa nasezikhaleni eziphakathi kwamapayipi akhululekile avalelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula le-optical lidlula ukuhlolwa okuqinile kokungena kwamanzi. Isakhiwo sekhebula le-optical elomile ngokuphelele sivame ukusebenzisa uhlobo lwentambo olunezingqimba, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-28-2025