Izinto zokwakha ze-Polyolefin, ezaziwa ngezakhiwo zazo zikagesi ezinhle kakhulu, ukucutshungulwa, kanye nokusebenza kwemvelo, seziphenduke enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokufakelwa kanye ne-sheath embonini yezintambo nezintambo.
Ama-Polyolefin ama-polymer anesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana ahlanganiswe kusuka kuma-olefin monomers afana ne-ethylene, i-propylene, ne-butene. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintamboni, ekupakisheni, ekwakhiweni, ezimbonini zezimoto, nasezimbonini zezokwelapha.
Ekwenziweni kwamakhebula, izinto ze-polyolefin zinikeza ukungaguquguquki kwe-dielectric ephansi, ukwahlukanisa okuphakeme, nokumelana namakhemikhali okuvelele, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuphepha kwesikhathi eside. Izici zabo ezingenayo i-halogen futhi ezigaywa kabusha zibuye zihambisane nezitayela zesimanje ekukhiqizeni okuluhlaza nokusimeme.
I. Ukuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-Monomer
1. I-polyethylene (PE)
I-Polyethylene (PE) iyinhlaka ye-thermoplastic eyenziwe nge-polymerized evela kuma-ethylene monomers futhi ingenye yamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokusekelwe kubuningi kanye nesakhiwo samangqamuzana, ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ze-LDPE, i-HDPE, i-LLDPE, ne-XLPE.
(1)I-Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
Isakhiwo: Ikhiqizwe yi-high-pressure free-radical polymerization; iqukethe amaketango amaningi anamagatsha, anobukristalu obungu-55–65% kanye nokuminyana okungu-0.91–0.93 g/cm³.
Izakhiwo: Ithambile, iyabonisa ngale, futhi imelana nokushayisana kodwa inokumelana nokushisa okumaphakathi (kufika cishe ku-80 °C).
Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa njengempahla ye-sheath yokuxhumana nezintambo zesignali, ukuguquguquka kokulinganisa kanye nokwahlukanisa.
(2) I-High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Isakhiwo: Kwenziwe i-polymer ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi nge-Ziegler–Natta catalysts; inamagatsha ambalwa noma awekho nhlobo, icrystallinity ephezulu (80–95%), kanye nokuminyana okungu-0.94–0.96 g/cm³.
Izakhiwo: Amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu, kodwa kunciphise kancane ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Isetshenziselwa kakhulu izendlalelo zokufakelwa, imigudu yokuxhumana, namashethi ekhebula le-fiber optic, ehlinzeka ngesimo sezulu esingcono kakhulu nokuvikelwa komshini, ikakhulukazi ukufakwa ngaphandle noma ngaphansi.
(3) I-Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)
Isakhiwo: I-Copolymerized kusuka ku-ethylene ne-α-olefin, ene-short-chain branching; ukuminyana phakathi kuka-0.915–0.925 g/cm³.
Izakhiwo: Ihlanganisa ukuguquguquka namandla nokumelana nokubhoboza okuhle kakhulu.
Izicelo: Ifanele i-sheath ne-insulation materials kumakhebuli ane-voltage aphansi naphakathi namakhebuli okulawula, athuthukisa umthelela kanye nokumelana nokugoba.
(4)I-Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE)
Isakhiwo: Inethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu ezakhiwe ngokusebenzisa ukuphambana kwamakhemikhali noma ngokomzimba (i-silane, i-peroxide, noma i-electron-beam).
Izakhiwo: Ukumelana nokushisa okuvelele, amandla emishini, ukufakwa kukagesi, kanye nesimo sezulu.
Izicelo: Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhebuli kagesi aphakathi nendawo naphezulu, izintambo zamandla amasha, namahhanisi ezintambo zezimoto — into esetshenziswayo yokwahlukanisa eyinhloko ekukhiqizeni amakhebula esimanjemanje.
2. I-Polypropylene (PP)
I-Polypropylene (PP), eyenziwe nge-polymerized kusuka ku-propylene, inokuminyana okungu-0.89–0.92 g/cm³, indawo yokuncibilika engu-164–176 °C, kanye nezinga lokushisa elisebenzayo elingu--30 °C kuya ku-140 °C.
Izakhiwo: I-Lightweight, amandla aphezulu emishini, ukumelana namakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu, kanye nokufakwa kukagesi okuphezulu.
Izicelo: Isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengento yokufaka engena-halogen kumakhebuli. Ngokugxila okukhulayo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, i-polypropylene (XLPP) exhunywe ngokuphambana (XLPP) ne-copolymer PP eguquliwe ziya ngokuya zithatha indawo ye-polyethylene yendabuko ezinhlelweni zamakhebula ezishisa kakhulu nezinamandla kagesi, njengesitimela, amandla omoya, nezintambo zemoto kagesi.
3. I-Polybutylene (PB)
I-Polybutylene ihlanganisa i-Poly(1-butene) (PB-1) ne-Polyisobutylene (PIB).
Izakhiwo: Ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, nokumelana nokukhuphuka.
Izicelo: I-PB-1 isetshenziselwa amapayipi, amafilimu, kanye nokupakisha, kuyilapho i-PIB isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni ikhebula njengejeli elivimba amanzi, i-sealant, kanye nenhlanganisela yokugcwalisa ngenxa yokungangeni kwayo kwegesi kanye nokungangeni kwamakhemikhali-okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezintanjeni ze-fiber optic zokuvala uphawu nokuvikela umswakama.
II. Ezinye Izinto Ezivamile Ze-Polyolefin
(1) I-Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)
I-EVA ihlanganisa i-ethylene ne-vinyl acetate, ebonisa ukuguquguquka nokumelana nokubanda (igcina ukuguquguquka kokungu -50 °C).
Izakhiwo: Ithambile, imelana nomthelela, ayinabo ubuthi, futhi imelana nokuguga.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Kuzintambo, i-EVA ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengesiguquli esivumelana nezimo noma i-resin yenkampani yenethiwekhi ekwakhiweni kwe-Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH), ethuthukisa ukuzinza kokucubungula nokuguquguquka kwe-eco-friendly insulation kanye nezinto ze-sheath.
(2) I-Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Ngesisindo samangqamuzana esingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.5, i-UHMWPE iyipulasitiki yobunjiniyela esezingeni eliphezulu.
Izakhiwo: Ukumelana nokugqokwa okuphezulu phakathi kwamapulasitiki, amandla omthelela amakhulu ngokuphindwe kahlanu kune-ABS, ukumelana namakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu, nokumunca umswakama ophansi.
Izicelo: Isetshenziswa kumakhebuli okubona kanye namakhebuli akhethekile njengokushefa okugqoke kakhulu noma okokunamathela ezintweni eziqinile, okuthuthukisa ukumelana nokulimala komshini nokuhuzuka.
III. Isiphetho
Izinto ze-Polyolefin azinayo i-halogen, zinentuthu encane, futhi azinabo ubuthi lapho zishiswa. Zihlinzeka ngokuzinza okuhle kakhulu kukagesi, okomshini, nokucubungula, futhi ukusebenza kwazo kungathuthukiswa ngokuxhunyelelwa, ukuhlanganisa, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumanisa.
Ngokuhlanganiswa kwazo kokuphepha, ubungane bemvelo, kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile, izinto ze-pololefin seziphenduke uhlelo oluyisisekelo embonini yesimanje yocingo nekhebula. Uma ubheka phambili, njengoba imikhakha efana nezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ama-photovoltaics, nokuxhumana kwedatha kuqhubeka nokukhula, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-pololefin kuzoqhubeza phambili ukusebenza okuphezulu nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemboni yezintambo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-17-2025