Izinto ze-polyolefin, ezaziwa ngezakhiwo zazo zikagesi ezinhle kakhulu, ukucutshungulwa kalula, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemvelo, sezibe ngenye yezinto zokushisa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezintambo nezintambo.
Ama-polyolefin angama-polymer anesisindo sama-molecule aphezulu akhiwe ngama-molecular monomers afana ne-ethylene, i-propylene, ne-butene. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintanjeni, ekupakisheni, ekwakheni, ezimotweni, nasezimbonini zezokwelapha.
Ekukhiqizweni kwekhebula, izinto ze-polyolefin zinikeza ukuqina okuphansi kwe-dielectric, ukuvikela okuphezulu, kanye nokumelana okuvelele kwamakhemikhali, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuphepha kwesikhathi eside. Izici zazo zokungabi ne-halogen kanye nokuphinde kusetshenziswe zihambisana nezitayela zesimanje zokukhiqiza okuluhlaza nokusimeme.
I. Ukuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-Monomer
1. I-Polyethylene (PE)
I-Polyethylene (PE) iyi-thermoplastic resin eyenziwe nge-polymer evela kuma-ethylene monomers futhi ingenye yamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kanye nesakhiwo sama-molecule, ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ze-LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, kanye ne-XLPE.
(1)I-Polyethylene Ephansi (LDPE)
Isakhiwo: Kukhiqizwa yi-polymerization yamahhala enamandla aphezulu; iqukethe amaketanga amaningi anamagatsha, anobukristalu obungu-55–65% kanye nobuningi obungu-0.91–0.93 g/cm³.
Izakhiwo: Ithambile, iyabonakala, futhi ayishayisani kodwa inokumelana nokushisa okuphakathi (kufika ku-80 °C).
Izicelo: Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengezinto zokubopha izintambo zokuxhumana nezesignali, ibhalansisa ukuguquguquka kanye nokushisa.
(2) I-Polyethylene Enobuningi Obuphezulu (i-HDPE)
Isakhiwo: Senziwe nge-polymer ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi ngama-catalyst e-Ziegler-Natta; inamagatsha ambalwa noma awanayo nhlobo, i-crystallinity ephezulu (80-95%), kanye nobuningi obungu-0.94-0.96 g/cm³.
Izakhiwo: Amandla aphezulu nokuqina, ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwamakhemikhali, kodwa ukuqina okuphansi okuncishisiwe kancane.
Izicelo: Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezingqimbeni zokushisa, imigudu yokuxhumana, kanye nama-sheath ekhebula le-fiber optic, okunikeza isimo sezulu esingcono kakhulu kanye nokuvikelwa kwemishini, ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kwangaphandle noma ngaphansi komhlaba.
(3) I-Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)
Isakhiwo: I-Copolymerized kusuka ku-ethylene kanye ne-α-olefin, enamagatsha amafushane; ukuminyana okuphakathi kuka-0.915–0.925 g/cm³.
Izakhiwo: Ihlanganisa ukuguquguquka namandla nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokubhoboza.
Izicelo: Kufanelekela izinto zokufaka umgoqo kanye nokufakwa kokushisa ezintanjeni eziphansi neziphakathi kanye nezintambo zokulawula, okuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugoba.
(4)I-Polyethylene Exhumene Neziphambano (XLPE)
Isakhiwo: Inethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu eyakhiwa ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumanisa kwamakhemikhali noma okungokoqobo (i-silane, i-peroxide, noma i-electron-beam).
Izakhiwo: Ukumelana nokushisa okumangalisayo, amandla omshini, ukuvikela ugesi, kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu.
Izicelo: Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezintanjeni zamandla ezimaphakathi neziphezulu, ezintanjeni zamandla ezintsha, kanye nasezintanjeni zezintambo zezimoto — into esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izintambo zanamuhla.
2. I-Polypropylene (PP)
I-Polypropylene (PP), eyenziwe nge-polymer kusuka ku-propylene, inobuningi obungu-0.89–0.92 g/cm³, iphuzu lokuncibilika elingu-164–176 °C, kanye nobubanzi bokushisa bokusebenza obungu--30 °C kuya ku-140 °C.
Izakhiwo: Ezilula, amandla aphezulu omshini, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kukagesi.
Izicelo: Isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengezinto zokuvikela ezingenayo i-halogen ezintanjeni. Njengoba kugcizelelwa kakhulu ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, i-polypropylene exhunywe nge-cross-linked (XLPP) kanye ne-modified copolymer PP ziya ngokuya zithatha indawo ye-polyethylene yendabuko ezinhlelweni zekhebula ezishisa kakhulu nezinamandla aphezulu, njengezitimela, amandla omoya, kanye nezintambo zezimoto zikagesi.
3. I-Polybutylene (PB)
I-Polybutylene ihlanganisa i-Poly(1-butene) (PB-1) kanye ne-Polyisobutylene (PIB).
Izakhiwo: Ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokumelana nokukhukhuleka.
Izicelo: I-PB-1 isetshenziswa emapayipini, kumafilimu, nasekupakisheni, kuyilapho i-PIB isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwezintambo njengejeli elivimba amanzi, i-sealant, kanye ne-compound yokugcwalisa ngenxa yokungangeni kwegesi kanye nokungangeni kwamakhemikhali—okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezintanjeni ze-fiber optic zokuvala nokuvikela umswakama.
II. Ezinye Izinto Ezivamile Ze-Polyolefin
(1) I-Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)
I-EVA ihlanganisa i-ethylene ne-vinyl acetate, equkethe ukuguquguquka kanye nokumelana nokubanda (igcina ukuguquguquka ku--50 °C).
Izakhiwo: Ithambile, ayishayisani, ayinabo ubuthi, futhi ayigugi.
Izicelo: Kumakhebula, i-EVA ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesiguquli sokuguquguquka noma i-carrier resin ku-Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) formulations, okuthuthukisa ukuzinza kokucubungula kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinto zokuvikela ezinobungani nemvelo kanye nezinto zokuvikela ingqalasizinda.
(2) I-Polyethylene Enesisindo Esiphezulu Kakhulu (UHMWPE)
Njengoba isisindo sama-molecule singaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.5, i-UHMWPE iyipulasitiki yobunjiniyela esezingeni eliphezulu.
Izakhiwo: Ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwepulasitiki, amandla okushaywa okukhulu ngokuphindwe kahlanu kune-ABS, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokumuncwa komswakama okuphansi.
Izicelo: Kusetshenziswa ezintanjeni ze-optical kanye nasezintanjeni ezikhethekile njenge-sheathing eguga kakhulu noma i-coating yezinto ezithambile, okwandisa ukumelana nomonakalo wemishini kanye nokuguguleka.
III. Isiphetho
Izinto ze-polyolefin azina-halogen, azinamusi omningi, futhi azinabo ubuthi uma zishiswa. Zihlinzeka ngokuqina okuhle kakhulu kukagesi, okomshini, kanye nokucubungula, futhi ukusebenza kwazo kungathuthukiswa kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe bokuxhunyelelwa, ukuxuba, kanye nokuxhumanisa.
Ngokuhlanganiswa kwazo kokuphepha, ubungane bemvelo, kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile, izinto ze-polyolefin sezibe uhlelo lwezinto eziyinhloko embonini yesimanje yezintambo nezintambo. Uma sibheka phambili, njengoba imikhakha efana nezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ama-photovoltaics, kanye nokuxhumana kwedatha kuqhubeka nokukhula, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-polyolefin kuzoqhubekisela phambili intuthuko esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye neqhubekayo embonini yezintambo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-17-2025