Ukusebenza kwezinto zokuvikela i-insulating kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nobubanzi bokufaka isicelo sezintambo nezintambo. Ukusebenza kwezinto zokuvikela i-insulating kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nobubanzi bokufaka isicelo sezintambo nezintambo.
1.PVC izintambo ze-polyvinyl chloride namakhebuli
I-Polyvinyl chloride (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuthiI-PVC) izinto ezivikelayo ziyizingxube lapho izithasiselo, amapulasitiki, izinqamuli zomlilo, izithambisi nezinye izithasiselo zengezwa kumpuphu ye-PVC. Ngokusho kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene kanye nezidingo zesici zezintambo nezintambo, ifomula ilungiswa ngokufanele. Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka okukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nokucubungula kwe-PVC manje sebuvuthwe kakhulu. I-PVC insulating material inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibanzi kakhulu emkhakheni wezintambo nezintambo futhi inezici zayo ezihlukile:
A. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buvuthiwe, kulula ukububumba futhi bucutshungulwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-cable insulation materials, azigcini nje ngokuba nezindleko eziphansi, kodwa futhi zingalawula ngempumelelo umehluko wombala, isicwebezelisi, ukuphrinta, ukucubungula ukusebenza kahle, ukuthambile nobulukhuni bendawo yocingo, ukunamathela komqhubi, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini nezomzimba kanye nezakhiwo zikagesi zocingo ngokwalo.
B. Inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-flame retardant, ngakho izintambo ezivale i-PVC zingahlangabezana kalula namamaki abushela ilangabi abalulwe izindinganiso ezihlukahlukene.
C. Mayelana nokumelana nezinga lokushisa, ngokulungiswa kanye nokwenza ngcono kwamafomula wezinto ezibonakalayo, izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa njengamanje zokufakwa kwe-PVC ngokuyinhloko zihlanganisa izigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo:
Ngokwamandla kagesi akaliwe, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa emazingeni kagesi akalwe ku-1000V AC nangaphansi, futhi angasetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezifana nempahla yasendlini, amathuluzi namamitha, izibani, nokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi.
I-PVC futhi inezinye izithiyo ezingokwemvelo ezikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo:
A. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-chlorine, izokhipha intuthu enkulu ewugqinsi uma isha, engabangela ukuminza, ithinte ukubonakala, futhi ikhiqize amanye ama-carcinogens negesi ye-HCl, edala umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ezungezile. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza intuthu ephansi eyiziro zero halogen, ukushintshwa kancane kancane kwe-PVC sekuyinkambo engenakugwenywa ekuthuthukisweni kwezintambo.
B. Ukufakwa kwe-PVC okuvamile kunokumelana okuphansi nama-acids nama-alkali, uwoyela oshisayo, nezincibilikisi eziphilayo. Ngokomgomo wamakhemikhali wokufana nokuncibilika njengokuthi, izintambo ze-PVC zivame kakhulu ukulimala kanye nokuqhekeka endaweni ethile eshiwo. Nokho, ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kokucubungula kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Izintambo ze-PVC zisasetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zasendlini, izinto zokukhanyisa, imishini, izinsimbi namamitha, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, izintambo zokwakha kanye neminye imikhakha.
2. Izintambo ze-polyethylene ezixhunywe ngokuphambana nezintambo
I-Cross-linked PE (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuthiI-XLPE) iwuhlobo lwe-polyethylene olungashintsha lusuka esakhiweni se-molecular line kuya esakhiweni esinezinhlangothi ezintathu ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ngaphansi kwesenzo semisebe ephezulu yamandla noma ama-agent axhumanisa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ishintsha isuka ku-thermoplastic iye kwipulasitiki ye-thermosetting engancibiliki.
Njengamanje, ekusetshenzisweni kokufakwa kwezintambo nezintambo, kunezindlela ezintathu zokuxhumanisa:
A. I-peroxide cross-linking: Kuhilela kuqala ukusebenzisa i-polyethylene resin ngokuhlangana nama-cross-linking agents nama-antioxidants, bese wengeza ezinye izingxenye njengoba kudingeka ukuze kukhiqizwe izinhlayiya zengxube ye-polyethylene exhumene. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha, ukuxhumanisa kwenzeka ngamapayipi axhuma umusi oshisayo.
B. Silane cross-linking (amanzi afudumele cross-linking) : Lena futhi indlela yamakhemikhali cross-linking. Indlela yayo eyinhloko ukuxhumanisa i-organosiloxane ne-polyethylene ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, a
futhi izinga lokuxhumanisa lingafinyelela cishe ku-60%.
C. I-Irradiation cross-linking: Isebenzisa imisebe yamandla aphezulu njenge-R-ray, i-alpha ray, nemisebe ye-electron ukuze ivule ama-athomu ekhabhoni kuma-macromolecule e-polyethylene futhi ibangele ukuxhumanisa. Imisebe yamandla aphezulu evame ukusetshenziswa ezintanjeni nasezintanjeni imisebe yama-electron ekhiqizwa ama-accelerator ama-electron. Njengoba lokhu kuxhumanisa kuncike emandleni angokwenyama, kungokokuxhumanisa ngokomzimba.
Izindlela ezintathu ezingenhla zokuxhumanisa zinezici ezihlukile kanye nezicelo:
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-thermoplastic polyethylene (PVC), ukufakwa kwe-XLPE kunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
A. Ithuthukise ukumelana nokushisa, yathuthukisa izici zomshini emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi yathuthukisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi yendawo kanye nokuguga kokushisa.
B. Ithuthukise ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali nokumelana nencibiliki, inciphise ukugeleza okubandayo, futhi ngokuyisisekelo igcine ukusebenza kukagesi kwasekuqaleni. Izinga lokushisa elisebenza isikhathi eside lingafinyelela ku-125 ℃ no-150 ℃. I-cross-linked polyethylene insulated wire kanye nekhebula iphinde ithuthukise ukumelana kwe-short-circuit, futhi ukumelana kwayo kwezinga lokushisa kwesikhashana kungafinyelela Ku-250 ℃, ngezintambo nezintambo zobukhulu obufanayo, umthamo wamanje wokuthwala i-polyethylene exhunywe ngokuphambana mkhulu kakhulu.
C. Inezici ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenzisa imishini, i-waterproof kanye ne-radiation ukumelana, ngakho isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Okufana nalokhu: izintambo zangaphakathi zokuxhuma izinto zikagesi, izintambo zezinjini, izibani zokukhanyisa, izintambo zokulawula isignali enamandla aphansi ezimotweni, izintambo zesitimela, izintambo nezintambo zesitimela esihamba ngaphansi komhlaba, izintambo zokuvikela imvelo ezimayini, izintambo zasolwandle, izintambo zokubeka amandla enuzi, izintambo zamandla kagesi aphezulu ze-TV, izintambo ezibamba amandla kagesi aphezulu, i-X-RA kanye nezintambo zikagesi ezidluliswayo. njll.
Izintambo ezivalekile ze-XLPE namakhebuli anezinzuzo ezibalulekile, kodwa futhi anobubi obuthile obungokwemvelo obukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwazo:
A. Ukusebenza okunamathelayo okuqinile ukumelana nokushisa. Lapho ucubungula futhi usebenzisa izintambo ezingaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe, kulula ukuthi izintambo zinamathelane. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungaholela ekulimaleni kwe-insulation kanye namasekethe amafushane.
B. Ukumelana nokushisa okungekuhle. Emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-200 ℃, i-insulation yezintambo iba thambile kakhulu. Uma ibhekene nokumpintsha kwamandla angaphandle noma ukushayisana, ijwayele ukubangela ukuthi izintambo zinqamule kanye nokujikeleza okufushane.
C. Kunzima ukulawula umehluko wombala phakathi kwamaqoqo. Izinkinga ezifana nokuklwebheka, ukucwenga nezinhlamvu eziphrintiwe zixebuka zivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa.
D. Ukufakwa kwe-XLPE okunezinga lokumelana nezinga lokushisa elingu-150℃ akunayo yonke i-halogen futhi ingaphumelela ukuhlolwa kokuvutha kwe-VW-1 ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ze-UL1581, kuyilapho igcina izici ezinhle kakhulu zemishini nezikagesi. Nokho, kusenezingqinamba ezithile kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza futhi izindleko ziphezulu.
3. Izintambo zenjoloba ye-silicone nezintambo
Ama-molecule e-polymer yerabha ye-silicone ayizakhiwo zamaketanga ezakhiwe ngamabhondi e-SI-O (silicon-oxygen). Ibhondi ye-SI-O ingu-443.5KJ/MOL, ephakeme kakhulu kunamandla ebhondi ye-CC (355KJ/MOL). Izintambo eziningi zenjoloba ye-silicone nezintambo zikhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa i-extrusion ebandayo kanye nezinqubo ze-vulcanization ezishisa kakhulu. Phakathi kwezintambo ezihlukahlukene zenjoloba zokwenziwa kanye nezintambo, ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele samangqamuzana, irabha ye-silicone inokusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amarabha avamile.
A. Ithambile ngokwedlulele, inokunwebeka okuhle, ayinaphunga futhi ayinabo ubuthi, futhi ayiwesabi amazinga okushisa aphakeme futhi iyakwazi ukumelana namakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha. Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lisuka ku -90 liye ku-300 ℃. Irabha ye-Silicone inokumelana nokushisa okungcono kakhulu kunerabha evamile. Ingasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ku-200 ℃ futhi isikhathi esithile ku-350 ℃.
B. Ukumelana nesimo sezulu esihle kakhulu. Ngisho nangemva kokuchayeka isikhathi eside emisebeni ye-ultraviolet nezinye izimo zezulu, izakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo zenze izinguquko ezincane kuphela.
C. Irabha ye-Silicone inokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu futhi ukumelana kwayo kuhlala kuzinzile phezu kwebanga elibanzi lokushisa namaza.
Ngaleso sikhathi, irabha ye-silicone inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokukhishwa kwe-corona ene-voltage ephezulu kanye nokukhishwa kwe-arc. Izintambo zenjoloba ye-silicone nezintambo ezinochungechunge olungenhla lwezinzuzo futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezintanjeni zedivayisi yamandla kagesi aphezulu kumathelevishini, izintambo ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwamahhavini ama-microwave, izintambo zezipheki zokungeniswa, izintambo zamabhodwe ekhofi, okuholela izibani, imishini ye-UV, izibani ze-halogen, izintambo zangaphakathi zokuxhuma ama-oveni amancane, ikakhulukazi izintambo zasendlini.
Kodwa-ke, okunye ukushiyeka kwayo nakho kukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi. Ngokwesibonelo:
A. Ukungazweli kahle kwezinyembezi. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula noma ukusetshenziswa, ithambekele ekulimaleni ngenxa yokucindezela kwamandla angaphandle, ukunwaya nokugaya, okungase kubangele isifunda esifushane. Isilinganiso samanje sokuvikela siwukwengeza ungqimba lwefayibha yengilazi noma i-polyester fiber ephothwe ngaphandle kwe-silicone insulation. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokucubungula, kusadingeka ukugwema ukulimala okubangelwa amandla angaphandle acindezela ngangokunokwenzeka.
B. I-ejenti ye-vulcanizing okwamanje esetshenziswa kakhulu ekubumbeni i-vulcanization iphindwe kabili, imbili, ine. Lesi senzo se-vulcanizing siqukethe i-chlorine. Ama-vulcanizing angenawo ama-halogen ngokuphelele (afana ne-platinum vulcanizing) anezidingo eziqinile zokushisa kwendawo yokukhiqiza futhi ayabiza. Ngakho-ke, lapho ucubungula ama-harnesses ocingo, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe: ukucindezela kwesondo lokucindezela akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-rubber material ukuvimbela ukuphuka ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, okungase kuholele ekumelaneni nengcindezi.
4. Intambo yerabha yerabha (XLEPDM) exhunywe nge-ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) (XLEPDM)
Irabha ye-ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) exhumene ne-cross-linked i-terpolymer ye-ethylene, i-propylene kanye ne-non-conjugated diene, exhunywe ngokuphambana ngezindlela zamakhemikhali noma ze-irradiation. Intambo ehlanganisiwe yerabha ye-EPDM exhumeke kakhulu ihlanganisa okuhle kwakho kokubili i-polyolefin insulated wire kanye nocingo olujwayelekile lwenjoloba olufakwe ngaphakathi:
A. Ithambile, iyagobeka, iyanwebeka, ayibambeki emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukumelana nokuguga kwesikhathi eside, futhi imelana nezimo zezulu ezinzima (-60 ukuya ku-125℃).
B. Ukumelana ne-ozone, ukumelana ne-UV, ukumelana nokufakwa kukagesi, nokumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali.
C. Ukumelana nowoyela nokuncibilika kuqhathaniswa nalokho kwenhloso evamile yokufakwa kwerabha ye-chloroprene. Icutshungulwa ngemishini evamile yokushisa eshisayo futhi i-irradiation cross-linking iyamukelwa, okulula ukuyicubungula futhi ephansi ngezindleko. Izintambo ezihlanganisiwe ze-ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) ezixhumene nerabha zinezinzuzo eziningi ezibalwe ngenhla futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana ne-compressor lead lead, imikhondo yezimoto ezingangeni manzi, i-transformer lead, izintambo eziphathwayo ezimayini, ukubhola, izimoto, imishini yezokwelapha, imikhumbi, kanye nezintambo zikagesi ezijwayelekile zohlelo lokusebenza.
Ububi obukhulu bezintambo ze-XLEPDM yilezi:
A. Njengezintambo ze-XLPE ne-PVC, inokumelana nokukhala okubi uma kuqhathaniswa.
B. Ukunamathiswa okungalungile kanye nokunamathela ngokwakho kuthinta ukucubungula okulandelayo.
5. Izintambo nezintambo ze-Fluoroplastic
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ezivamile ze-polyethylene ne-polyvinyl chloride, izintambo ze-fluoroplastic zinezici ezilandelayo ezivelele:
A. Ama-fluoroplastics amelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu anokuqina okushisayo okungavamile, okwenza izintambo ze-fluoroplastic zikwazi ukujwayela indawo enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukusuka ku-150 ukuya ku-250 degrees Celsius. Ngaphansi kwesimo samakhondatha anendawo efanayo ye-cross-sectional, izintambo ze-fluoroplastic zingadlulisa umthamo wamanje omkhulu ovumelekile, ngaleyo ndlela andise kakhulu ububanzi bokufaka isicelo salolu hlobo lwezintambo eziboshiwe. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, izintambo ze-fluoroplastic zivame ukusetshenziselwa izintambo zangaphakathi nezintambo eziholayo ezindizeni, emikhunjini, ezithandweni ezishisa kakhulu, nasezinsizeni zikagesi.
B. Ukubambezeleka okuhle kwamalangabi: I-Fluoroplastics inenkomba ye-oxygen ephezulu, futhi lapho ivutha, ububanzi bokusakazeka komlilo buncane, bukhiqiza intuthu encane. Intambo eyenziwe kuyo ifanele amathuluzi nezindawo ezinezidingo eziqinile zokuhlehla komlilo. Isibonelo: amanethiwekhi amakhompiyutha, imizila ehamba ngaphansi, izimoto, izakhiwo eziphakeme nezinye izindawo zomphakathi, njll. Uma kuqubuka umlilo, abantu bangaba nesikhathi sokuphuma ngaphandle kokuwiswa intuthu ewugqinsi, ngaleyo ndlela bathole isikhathi sokuhlenga esiyigugu.
C. Ukusebenza kahle kukagesi: Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-polyethylene, i-fluoroplastics ine-dielectric constant ephansi. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ze-coaxial zezakhiwo ezifanayo, izintambo ze-fluoroplastic zine-attenuation encane futhi zifaneleka kakhulu ukudluliselwa kwesignali ye-high-frequency. Kulezi zinsuku, ukwanda kwemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwekhebula sekuphenduke umkhuba. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngenxa yokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwama-fluoroplastics, avame ukusetshenziswa njengezintambo zangaphakathi zokudlulisa kanye nemishini yokuxhumana, ama-jumpers phakathi kwama-feeder transmission feeder nama-transmitters, kanye nezintambo zevidiyo nezomsindo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintambo ze-fluoroplastic zinamandla amahle e-dielectric kanye nokumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation, okuwenza afanelekele ukusetshenziswa njengezintambo zokulawula izinsimbi ezibalulekile namamitha.
D. Imishini ephelele kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali: I-Fluoroplastics inamandla amakhulu esibopho samakhemikhali, ukuzinza okuphezulu, cishe awathintwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, futhi inokumelana nesimo sezulu esihle kakhulu nokuguga namandla okusebenza. Futhi ayithinteki ngama-acids ahlukahlukene, ama-alkali nama-organic solvents. Ngakho-ke, ilungele izindawo ezinezinguquko ezibalulekile zesimo sezulu kanye nezimo ezigqwalile, njengamakhemikhali e-petrochemicals, ukucwengwa kukawoyela, nokulawula ithuluzi lomthombo kawoyela.
E. Ikhuthaza ukuxhumana kwe-welding Ezinsimbini zikagesi, ukuxhumana okuningi kwenziwa ngokushisela. Ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lokuncibilika lamapulasitiki avamile, avame ukuncibilika kalula emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, adinga amakhono achwepheshile wokushisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amaphuzu e-weld adinga isikhathi esithile sokushisela, okuyisizathu futhi sokuthi kungani izintambo ze-fluoroplastic zithandwa. Njengokuxhunywa kwezintambo zangaphakathi kwezisetshenziswa zokuxhumana namathuluzi kagesi.
Vele, i-fluoroplastics isenobubi obuthile obukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo:
A. Intengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe iphezulu. Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kusancike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe (iDaikin yaseJapan kanye neDuPont yase-United States). Nakuba ama-fluoroplastic afuywayo athuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlobo zokukhiqiza zisengashadile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezingenisiwe, kusekhona Igebe elithile ekuzinzeni kokushisa kanye nezinye izici ezibanzi zezinto zokwakha.
B. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokuvikela ukushisa, inqubo yokukhiqiza inzima kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphansi, izinhlamvu eziphrintiwe zivame ukuwa, futhi ukulahlekelwa kukhulu, okwenza izindleko zokukhiqiza zibe phezulu.
Sengiphetha, ukusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo ezibalulwe ngenhla zezinto zokuvikela i-insulating, ikakhulukazi izinto zokuvikela ezikhethekile ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinokumelana nezinga lokushisa okungaphezu kuka-105 ℃, kusesesikhathini soguquko e-China. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezintambo noma ukucutshungulwa kwezintambo zocingo, akukhona nje kuphela inqubo yokuvuthwa, kodwa futhi inqubo yokuqonda ngokunengqondo izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwalolu hlobo locingo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-27-2025