Igobolondo noma igobolondo langaphandle liyingqimba evikelayo engaphandle kakhulu esakhiweni sekhebula le-optical, elenziwe kakhulu ngezinto zegobolondo le-PE kanye nezinto zegobolondo le-PVC, kanti izinto zegobolondo ezingenalo ilangabi ezingenalo i-halogen kanye nezinto zegobolondo ezimelana nokulandelela kagesi ziyasetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezikhethekile.
1. Izinto zesikhwama se-PE
I-PE iyisifinyezo se-polyethylene, okuyi-polymer compound eyakhiwe yi-polymerization ye-ethylene. Izinto ze-polyethylene sheath emnyama zenziwa ngokuxuba kanye nokuhlanganisa i-polyethylene resin nge-stabilizer, i-carbon black, i-antioxidant kanye ne-plasticizer ngendlela ethile. Izinto ze-polyethylene sheath zama-sheath ekhebula le-optical zingahlukaniswa zibe yi-polyethylene ephansi (LDPE), i-polyethylene ephansi (LLDPE), i-polyethylene ephakathi nendawo (MDPE) kanye ne-polyethylene ephezulu (HDPE) ngokwe-density. Ngenxa yobuningi bazo obuhlukene kanye nezakhiwo zama-molecule, zinezakhiwo ezihlukile. I-polyethylene ephansi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyethylene ephezulu, yakhiwa yi-copolymerization ye-ethylene ekucindezelweni okuphezulu (ngaphezu kwe-atmospheres engu-1500) ku-200-300°C nge-oxygen njenge-catalyst. Ngakho-ke, uchungechunge lwama-molecule lwe-polyethylene ephansi nendawo luqukethe amagatsha amaningi anobude obuhlukene, anezinga eliphezulu lokuxhunyaniswa kwamaketanga, isakhiwo esingajwayelekile, i-crystallinity ephansi, kanye nokuguquguquka okuhle kanye nokwelulwa. I-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphezulu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphansi, yakhiwa ngokupholisha i-ethylene ngokucindezela okuphansi (i-atmospheres engu-1-5) kanye nama-60-80°C ngama-catalysts e-aluminium ne-titanium. Ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okuncane kwesisindo sama-molecule e-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphezulu kanye nokuhleleka okuhlelekile kwama-molecule, inezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini, ukumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali kanye nobubanzi obukhulu bokusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa. Izinto ze-sheath ze-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphakathi zenziwa ngokuxuba i-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphezulu kanye ne-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphansi ngesilinganiso esifanele, noma ngokupholisha i-ethylene monomer kanye ne-propylene (noma i-monomer yesibili ye-1-butene). Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwe-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphakathi kuphakathi kwalokho kwe-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphezulu kanye ne-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphansi, futhi inokuguquguquka kwe-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphansi kanye nokumelana okuhle kokuguguleka kanye namandla okuthamba kwe-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphezulu. I-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphansi eqondile ipholisha ngesigaba segesi esinomfutho ophansi noma indlela yesisombululo nge-ethylene monomer kanye ne-2-olefin. Izinga lokuhlanganisa le-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphansi eqondile liphakathi kokuqina okuphansi kanye nokuqina okuphezulu, ngakho-ke inokumelana okuhle kokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo. Ukumelana nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlonza ikhwalithi yezinto ze-PE. Kubhekisela esimweni sokuthi ingxenye yokuhlolwa kwezinto ibhekane nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka okugobile endaweni ye-surfactant. Izici ezithinta ukuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwezinto zifaka: isisindo sama-molecule, ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo sama-molecule, i-crystallinity, kanye nesakhiwo esincane se-molecule chain. Uma isisindo sama-molecule sikhulu, ukusabalala kwesisindo sama-molecule kuyancipha, ukuxhumana okuningi phakathi kwama-wafer, kungcono ukumelana nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo kwezinto, futhi isikhathi eside senkonzo yezinto; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqhekeka kwezinto nakho kuthinta lesi sibonakaliso. Uma i-crystallinity iphansi, kungcono ukumelana nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo kwezinto. Amandla okudonsa kanye nokwelulwa lapho kuqhekeka izinto ze-PE kuyisibonakaliso sokulinganisa ukusebenza kwezinto, futhi kungabikezela iphuzu lokugcina lokusetshenziswa kwezinto. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ezintweni ze-PE kungamelana ngempumelelo nokuguguleka kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet ezintweni, futhi ama-antioxidants angathuthukisa ngempumelelo izakhiwo ze-antioxidant zezinto.
2. Izinto ze-PVC sheath
Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ze-PVC ziqukethe ama-athomu e-chlorine, azosha elangabini. Uma zisha, zizobola futhi zikhiphe inani elikhulu legesi ye-HCL ebolile neyingozi, ezobangela umonakalo wesibili, kodwa zizozicisha uma ziphuma elangabini, ngakho-ke zinesici sokungasabalalisi ilangabi; ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto ze-PVC sheath zinokuguquguquka okuhle kanye nokwelulwa, futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezintanjeni ze-optical zangaphakathi.
3. Izinto zeshelufu ezingenalo ilangabi ezigcina ilangabi
Njengoba i-polyvinyl chloride izokhiqiza amagesi anobuthi lapho isha, abantu baye bakha i-sheath e-sheath e-flame retardant engenamusi, engena-halogen, engenabuthi, ehlanzekile, okungukuthi, engeza izinto ezi-inorganic flame retardant Al(OH)3 kanye ne-Mg(OH)2 ezintweni ezijwayelekile ze-sheath, ezizokhipha amanzi ekristalu lapho zihlangana nomlilo futhi zimunce ukushisa okuningi, ngaleyo ndlela zivimbele izinga lokushisa le-sheath ukuthi lingakhuphuki futhi livimbele ukusha. Njengoba izinto ezi-inorganic flame retardant zengezwa ezintweni ezi-inorganic flame retardant sheath ezingena-halogen, ukuhanjiswa kwama-polymer kuzokhula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-resins kanye nezinto ezi-inorganic flame retardant ziyizinto ezihlukene ngokuphelele zezigaba ezimbili. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuxubana okungalingani kwezinto ezi-flame retardant endaweni. Izinto ezi-inorganic flame retardant kufanele zengezwe ngamanani afanele. Uma isilinganiso sikhulu kakhulu, amandla omshini kanye nobude lapho kuphuka izinto kuzoncishiswa kakhulu. Izinkomba zokuhlola izakhiwo ezi-flame retardant zezinto ezi-halogen-flame retardant yi-oxygen index kanye nokugcwala komusi. I-oxygen index iyi-oxygen concentration encane edingekayo ukuze izinto zigcine ukusha okulinganiselayo kugesi exubile ye-oxygen ne-nitrogen. Uma inkomba ye-oxygen inkulu, kulapho izakhiwo ezivimbela ilangabi zezinto zingcono khona. Ukuhlushwa kwentuthu kubalwa ngokulinganisa ukudluliselwa komsebe wokukhanya ohambisanayo odlula entuthwini ekhiqizwa ukusha kwezinto endaweni ethile kanye nobude bendlela yokukhanya. Uma ukuhlushwa kwentuthu kwehla, ukukhishwa kwentuthu kwehla futhi ukusebenza kwezinto kungcono.
4. Izinto zeshede ezingamelana nophawu lukagesi
Kunezintambo eziningi ze-optical ezisekelayo (i-ADSS) ezibekwe embhoshongweni ofanayo onezintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage ohlelweni lokuxhumana ngamandla. Ukuze banqobe ithonya lensimu kagesi yokungeniswa kwe-voltage ephezulu emgodleni wekhebula, abantu bathuthukise futhi bakhiqiza izinto ezintsha ze-sheath ezimelana nezibazi zikagesi, izinto ze-sheath ngokulawula ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kwe-carbon black, ubukhulu kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlayiya ze-carbon black, benezela izithasiselo ezikhethekile ukwenza izinto ze-sheath zibe nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu okumelana nezibazi zikagesi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-26-2024